Air quality progress report 2011 - Calderdale...Appendix 2 Romon 2 and 4 independently ratified data List of Tables Table 1.1 Air quality objectives Table 1.2 Summary of previous rounds

Calderdale MBC April 2011

Progress Report i

2011 Air Quality Progress Report for Calderdale MBC In fulfillment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management April 2011

April 2011 Calderdale MBC

Progress Report ii

Written by Tommy Moorhouse, Pollution Control Officer Ryan Carroll, Senior Environmental Health Officer David Procter, Senior Engineer

Department Commercial Team, Environmental Health

Address Northgate House Halifax HX1 1UN

Telephone 01422 392316

e-mail [email protected]

Report Reference number

CMBC/PR2011

Date April 2011

Executive Summary

This report summarises monitoring data obtained in Calderdale in 2010. Both automatic and non-automatic monitoring data is included, covering the six Air Quality Management Areas and other locations that have been identified for further investigation. There are no significant developments in construction or transport infrastructure reported since the Updating and Screening Assessment 2009. Monitored levels of NO2 in 2010 indicate that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentration in each of the AQMAs generally remained above the air quality

objective of 40 gm-3 during 2010. The indications of evidence of a trend of decreasing levels at peak times, reported in the previous Progress Report [PR10], have not been supported by the data for 2010. Other work on the changing emissions profile of the local road traffic [ITS10] may give some insight into why this could be the case. The Progress Report also briefly discusses, where appropriate, various courses of action and other investigations currently being undertaken or about to be commissioned. The report also briefly considers the results, in some cases preliminary, of detailed studies in conjunction with the University of Leeds Institute for Transport Studies, although the full findings will be published in future reports.


Progress Report iii

Table of contents

1 Introduction 5

1.1 Description of Local Authority Area 5

1.2 Purpose of Progress Report 5

1.3 Air Quality Objectives 5

1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 7

2 New Monitoring Data 8

2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 8

2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives 10

3 New Local Developments 22

3.1 Road Traffic Sources 22

3.2 Other Transport Sources 22

3.3 Industrial Sources 22

3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources 22

3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 22

4 Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy 23

5 Planning Applications 24

6 Air Quality Planning Policies 25

7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 26

8 Climate Change Strategies 27

9 Implementation of Action Plans 28

10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 41

10.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 41

10.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments 41

10.3 Other Conclusions 41

10.4 Proposed Actions 42

11 References 43


Progress Report iv

Appendices

Appendix 1 QA/QC for continuous monitoring

Appendix 2 Romon 2 and 4 independently ratified data

List of Tables

Table 1.1 Air quality objectives

Table 1.2 Summary of previous rounds of review and assessment

Table 2.1 Details of automatic monitoring sites

Table 2.2 Details of non-automatic monitoring sites

Table 2.3a Results of automatic monitoring for nitrogen dioxide: comparison with annual mean objective

Table 2.3b Results of automatic monitoring for nitrogen dioxide: comparison with hourly mean objective

Table 2.4 Results form nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes

List of Figures

Figure 1 Polar pot of NO2 concentrations at the Groundhog

Figure 2 Time variation of NO2 concentrations at the Romon monitors, 2010

Figure 3 Time variation of concentrations of NO2 at Romon 1

Figure 4 Trends in NO2 concentrations at Romon 4

Figure 5 Monthly mean NO2 concentrations taken over all diffusion tubes

Figure 6 Trends in annual mean NO2 n dioxide concentration measured at a selection of diffusion tube monitoring sites

Figure 7 Daily mean NO2 concentrations from Barnsley Gawber


Progress Report 5

1 Introduction

1.1 Description of Local Authority Area

Calderdale MBC is one of the five local authorities making up the West Yorkshire metropolitan area. Calderdale lies to the west of the area, straddling the Pennines and including urban town centres such as Halifax and Brighouse, and smaller centres at Elland, Sowerby Bridge, Hebden Bridge and Todmorden. The urban centres in the upper Calder Valley are linked by roads lying in valley bottoms, with dwellings very close to the roadside and few alternative routes available to traffic. The M62 motorway skirts the south and east of the Borough and in the event of accidents or carriageway closures traffic may be diverted through Calderdale, particularly along the A58 and or A672. Good motorway access has contributed to modern industrial developments at Elland and Brighouse. Although the nature of the industries based in Calderdale has changed quite radically over the years there is still a strong manufacturing and service base. There are three large combustion plants in the Borough, and limited chemical manufacturing and storage.

1.2 Purpose of Progress Report

Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly Updating and Screening Assessment reports. Their purpose is to maintain continuity in the Local Air Quality Management process. They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment Reports, or to require as much effort. However, if the Progress Report identifies the risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective, the Local Authority (LA) should undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately, and not wait until the next round of Review and Assessment.

1.3 Air Quality Objectives

The air quality objectives applicable to Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) in England are set out in the Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), and the Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 3043). They are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre

g/m3 (for carbon monoxide the units used are milligrammes per cubic metre, mg/m3). Table 1.1. includes the number of permitted exceedences in any given year (where applicable).


Progress Report 6

Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of Local Air Quality Management in England.

Pollutant

Date to be achieved by Concentration Measured as

Benzene

16.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean

31.12.2003

5.00 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2010

1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean

31.12.2003

Carbon monoxide 10.0 mg/m3 Running 8-hour mean

31.12.2003

Lead 0.5 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008

Nitrogen dioxide 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year

1-hour mean

31.12.2005

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005

Particles (PM10) (gravimetric)

50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year

24-hour mean

31.12.2004

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

Sulphur dioxide 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year

1-hour mean

31.12.2004


24-hour mean

31.12.2004


15-minute mean 31.12.2005


Progress Report 7

1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

Table 2: summary of previous rounds of review and assessment

1.4.1 AQMAs

The AQMAs declared by Calderdale are detailed in previous reports identified in table 2 above A629 Salterhebble, Halifax (Order No 1) A58 Sowerby Bridge (Order No 2) A646 Hebden Bridge (Order No 3) A646 Luddendenfoot (Order No 4) A58 Stump Cross, Halifax (Order No 5) Brighouse Town Centre (Order No 6) Maps of these areas are included in the Updating and Screening Assessment of 2009 [USA09].

Report Date Outcome

Stage 1 to 3 reports [S1, S2, S3]

1999, 2000, 2001

Lead to detailed assessment 2003/4

Updating and Screening Assessment [USA03]

2003 Assessments of SO2

Detailed Assessment [DA03]

2004 Identified need for further investigations at Salterhebble and Ainley Top


2005 Identified need for detailed assessments. AQMAs declared at Hebden Bridge (No 3) and Sowerby Bridge (No 2)

Detailed Assessment [DA06]

2006 Declaration of AQMAs at Luddendenfoot (No 4), Stump Cross (No 5) and Brighouse (No 6)

Progress Report [PR07] 2007 Reported monitoring results


2009 Identified need for detailed assessments for nitrogen dioxide and particulates.

Progress Report 2010 [PR10]

2010 Reported monitoring results and action plan

Detailed assessment, biomass [DAB10]

2010 Assessed air quality impacts of biomass plant identified in [USA09]


Progress Report 8

2 New Monitoring Data

2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

The Council operates five automatic monitoring stations, shown in Table 2.1. These are Romon 1 to Romon 4, which each house a single nitrogen dioxide analyser; and the Groundhog mobile monitoring unit, which also houses a nitrogen dioxide monitor. Each monitor is currently covered by service and callout contracts. Automatic monitoring stations draw air through an inlet on top of the housing, using a pump, into a monitor where the concentration of a given pollutant is measured. The average concentration is recorded onto a data logger at the site every fifteen minutes and this information is downloaded to a central location via a modem. The raw data is stored on a standalone PC and backed up to a secure network every week. The quality assurance and quality control systems are set out in Appendix 1. Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites

Maps of the locations of Romons 1 to 4 and the Groundhog have been published in previous reports ([USA09], [PR10]).

Non-Automatic Monitoring Table 2.2 Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site Name

Site type X Y Pollutants monitored

AQMA relevant exposure?

AQ10 roadside 409789 423195 NO2 1 y (2m)

AQ12 roadside 409823 423206 NO2 1 y (2m)

Site Name Site Type

OS Grid Ref

Po

llu

tan

ts

Mo

nit

ore

d

AQMA

Distance to closest

Relevant Exposure?

Dis

tan

ce

to

ke

rb

Wo

rst-

ca

se

Lo

ca

tio

n?

Romon 1 Roadside 414385 422456

NO2 6 1m 3m y


NO2 1 10m 2m y


NO2 2 10m 2m y


NO2 3 10m 2m y

Groundhog Roadside 414803 422927

NO2, 6 unknown 5m n


Progress Report 9

AQ15 roadside 409780 422803 NO2 1 y (< 1m)

AQ16 roadside 409762 423150 NO2 1 y (< 1m)

AQ18 roadside 409371 423965 NO2 1 y (< 1m)

AQ4 roadside 409432 423543 NO2 1 y (< 1m)

AQ5 roadside 409559 423384 NO2 1 y (< 1m)

AQ8 roadside 409677 423250 NO2 1 y (< 1m)

AT2 roadside 411369 419439 NO2 N y (< 1m)

BB1 roadside 414835 425144 NO2 N y (< 1m)

BE1 roadside 414406 422468 NO2 6 n

BE2 roadside 414385 422457 NO2 6 n

BE4 roadside 414478 422692 NO2 6 n

BG1 roadside 409140 425053 NO2 N n

BG2 roadside 409084 425064 NO2 N y (< 1m)

BG3 roadside 409099 425087 NO2 N n

BH3 roadside 414671 422740 NO2 6 y (3m)

BN20 roadside 414842 422968 NO2 6 n

BS1 Co-location 406075 423615 NO2 4 n



CRH1 roadside 409765 423007 NO2 1 y (< 1m)

CRH4 roadside 409464 423330 NO2 1 y (< 1m)

CS2 roadside 409600 424843 NO2 N y (< 1m)

ER1 roadside 414235 422901 NO2 6 y (< 1m)

HB1 roadside 399033 427223 NO2 3 y (< 1m)

HB3BG background 399048 427188 NO2 3 y (< 1m)

HB4 roadside 399360 427112 NO2 3 y (< 1m)

HB6 roadside 399502 427041 NO2 3 y (< 1m)

HH1 roadside 412621 425504 NO2 N y (< 1m)

HQ1 roadside 398794 427237 NO2 3 y (< 1m)

HQ8 roadside 399294 427125 NO2 3 y (< 1m)

HQ4 roadside 399451 427102 NO2 3 y (< 1m)

HQ9 roadside 399233 427175 NO2 3 y (< 1m)

HTA H roadside 411494 419595 NO2 N y (< 1m)

HXR1 roadside 414218 422957 NO2 6 y (< 1m)

LF1 roadside 403810 424977 NO2 4 y (< 1m)

LF1A roadside 403820 424977 NO2 4 n

LF2 roadside 403738 425110 NO2 4 y (< 1m)

LF3 roadside 403734 425140 NO2 4 n

LF4 roadside 403735 425162 NO2 4 y (< 1m)

LF8 roadside 404100 424385 NO2 4 y (< 1m)

LFBG roadside 403926 425361 NO2 4 n

LMR1 other 410958 419257 NO2 N y (< 1m)

SB1 roadside 406135 423639 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SB12 roadside 406525 423801 NO2 2 y (< 1m)


Progress Report 10

SB13 roadside 406732 423981 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SB15 roadside 406638 423836 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SB16 roadside 406613 423799 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SB17 roadside 406366 423737 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SB18 roadside 406936 423799 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SB2 roadside 406049 423591 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SB3 roadside 405961 423571 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SB5 roadside 405854 423431 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SB6 roadside 405825 423415 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SB7 roadside 405956 423595 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SB8 roadside 406145 423662 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SC6 roadside 410846 426259 NO2 2 y (< 1m)

SC4 roadside 410767 426266 NO2 5 y (< 1m)

SC5 roadside 410823 426265 NO2 5 y (< 1m)

WR1 roadside 415169 422794 NO2 6 n

WR2 roadside 415090 422817 NO2 6 y (< 1m)

WR3 kerbside 414915 422886 NO2 6 n

PL1 roadside 408005 424647 NO2 N y (2m)

PL2 roadside 408150 424670 NO2 N Y (< 1m)

QR1 roadside 407912 425169 NO2 N Y (2m)

CL1 roadside 413260 420685 NO2 N Y (< 2m)

This list updates those previously published, for example in the progress report [PR10].

2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives

2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide

Automatic monitoring data

The year 2010 was a challenging one in terms of the performance of the automatic monitors. The instruments were affected by periods of unusually cold weather at the start and end of the year, and by hot weather at the start of summer. There were also hardware and software issues. For example, it became apparent during the year that there was an unusual drift in the measured zeros at certain of the monitoring locations. As the zero is an important parameter for ratifying the collected data the Council decided to consult with an independent data analyst and with the contractor used for servicing the Council’s monitoring equipment. Romon 2 was affected by the zero drift, and the zero air cylinder was initially replaced. This did not solve the problem, and the servicing contractor was asked to correct it. Romon 2 required two circuit board replacements during the monitoring year, due to software failures, and this reduced the data capture rate.


Progress Report 11

Data from Romon 2 and from Romon 4, which was also briefly affected by the zero problem and is used for the Council’s co-location study, were provided to the consultant for independent assessment. The Council accepts the consultant’s findings and has adopted the quoted results. Romon 3 was also affected by the zero drift, but the span value was also found to quickly drop away after servicing in the second half of the year. A period of further investigation eventually uncovered a serious fault. The ozone exhausted from the analyser had been finding its way into the sample intake, leading to oxidation of NO before the sample entered the reaction cell and consequently to elevated NO2 levels being recorded. The Council is treating the results from Romon 3, particularly those for the latter part of 2010, when the problem appears to have been developing, with caution. This is detailed in the QA/QC report in Appendix 1. The Groundhog suffered two major breakdowns and it was not possible to recover data for these periods. The first was due to a failure of the data logger power supply, and the analyser had to be upgraded to accommodate on-board memory until the logger was repaired. The second failure occurred during a period of very cold weather.

Table 2.3a Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Site ID Location AQMA

Proportion of 2010

with valid data

Annual mean

concentration ( g/m3)

2009 2010

Romon 1 Bridge End 6 95% 46.5

48.5

Romon 2 Huddersfield Road 1 92% 51.8 56

Romon 3 Hebden Bridge 3 see text 39.7

57.5 53*

Romon 4 Sowerby Bridge 2 95% 48.5 55

Groundhog Brighouse 6 80% 34.9 36.1

full year including bad data *Jan-Jul 2010 annualised


Progress Report 12

Table 2.3b Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Hourly Mean Objective

Site ID Location AQMA Proportion

of 2009 with valid data

Number of hours with mean concentration

greater than 200 g/m3

2009 2010

Romon 1 Bridge End 6 95% 2

0

Romon 2 Huddersfield Road 1 92% 11 34 (13 days)

Romon 3 Hebden Bridge 3 98% 0

21*

Romon 4 Sowerby Bridge 2 95% 0

0

Groundhog Brighouse 6 80% 0 0

* All occurred on 4th February 2010 All the continuous monitors have shown increases in annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations, the largest change being at the Hebden Bridge monitor Romon 3. As discussed above, this appears to be due in part to problems with the flow valve to the molybdenum converter, eventually diagnosed and repaired in January 2011 and the ozone leak diagnosed and fixed in late March 2011. Discussion of results from a selection of sites Groundhog, Wakefield Road, Brighouse The reported levels from this site remain below the air quality objectives, but certain

diffusion tubes within this AQMA show annual means above 40 gm-3. Figure 1 below shows the mean concentration at the Groundhog set out according to wind speed and direction as measured at the monitor. The distance from the centre of the plot represents increasing wind speed, and the colour of a point shows the average concentration when the wind was blowing from the direction of the point at the speed given by the distance from the centre of the plot. For example, point X on Figure 1 gives the average concentration of nitrogen dioxide taken over all measurements made when the wind was blowing at 5ms-1 from the East. If we assume that the concentration of nitrogen dioxide falls off reasonably consistently with time we can imagine that the image actually tells us about the distance of the source of pollution from the monitor. Point X on the plot then represents a source to the East of the monitor. In this interpretation the plot gives quite detailed information about the sources of nitrogen dioxide. In this case, comparison with the street map shows that the road junctions on Huddersfield Road and Wakefield Road are the most significant contributors.


Progress Report 13

Figure 1 Polar plot of nitrogen dioxide concentrations at the Groundhog.

Romon analyser data All four Romons showed increased concentrations over those reported in the last progress report [PR10]. It is not clear whether this is due to a change in the profile of emissions from road traffic, which is the subject of a separate study, from generally poor dispersion during the year or some other cause not yet evident. Figure 2 below summarises the time variation of the monitoring results from the Romon stations. The times are local times, accounting for the fact that activities such as school runs take place at the same local time. The full year’s data for Romon 3 is presented in Figure 2, but as noted above the Council is rejecting data after 10th June 2010 as it cannot be taken to be representative of the true nitrogen dioxide concentrations. One obvious symptom of the fault with Romon 3 is the elevated night-time concentration of nitrogen dioxide, reflecting the oxidation of nitrogen oxide in the sample inlet.

X


Progress Report 14

Figure 2: Time variation of NO2 concentrations at the Romon monitors, 2010

The increase in mean NO2 concentrations from October onwards is quite striking. It seems unlikely that all four monitors would misread this. The diurnal variation is different for the various monitors, with Romons 3 and 4 showing weak morning and evening peaks compared to Romons 1 and 2. Romon 1 shows greater concentrations during the evening, while the peaks at Romon 2 are more pronounced during the morning. As these are roadside sites it is possible that this broadly reflects the direction of vehicular travel at these times. Romon 2 is, on average, weighted (by distance from the carriageway) towards traffic entering Halifax, while Romon 1 by the same measure is weighted towards traffic leaving Brighouse towards Rastrick. All four monitors show a similar weekly profile, peaking on Thursday or Friday and dropping off significantly on Sunday. The local time profile for Romon 1 is shown in Figure 3 below.


Progress Report 15

Figure 3: Time variation of concentrations of NO2 at Romon 1

Trends in Romon data We consider the trend since 2006 at Romon 4, which is similar to that seen at the

other sites. Figure 4 below shows the trend calculated by the MannKendall

function of openair for the years 2006 to 2010. The solid red line shows the estimated trend, with the 95% confidence intervals shown by dashed red lines. The trend is slightly upwards, and is obviously influenced by the results for the end of 2010.


Progress Report 16

Figure 4: Trends in NO2 concentrations at Romon 4 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data Data is available for the full year from all the deployed tubes. The locations of those tubes deployed for the purposes of detailed assessments are highlighted in Table 2.4. Table 2.4 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes

Site ID Location AQMA

Annual mean concentrations

( g/m3) Adjusted for bias

2008 2009 2010

HB1 Market St, Hebden Bridge 3 47 46 50

HB3 BG Horsehold Road, Hebden Br N - 23 23

HB4 Crossley Mill Nursery, Hebden Br 3 37 36 40

HB6 2 Machpelah, Hebden Bridge 3 41 40 46

HTAH House, Hill Top Avenue N 41 40 45

HH1 Leeds Road, Hipperholme N 42 41 42

CRH1 Salterhebble Hill, Halifax 1 57 59 67

CRH2 Lamp, Salterhebble Hill 1 52 -

CRH4 Lamp, Dryclough Lane, Halifax 1 34 36 42

CS2 Lamp, Church Street, Halifax N 37 40 44

BS1 colocated with Romon 4 2 52 49 55



SC6 Bradford Road, Stump Cross 5 - - 36

SC4 Bradford Road, Stump Cross 5 29 28 28

SC5 Bradford Road, Stump Cross 5 42 41 45

BH3 Huddersfield Road, B’house 6 50 51 52

LMR1 Lindley Moor Road N 34 32 38

AQ4 1 Stafford Place Halifax 1 31 29 35

AQ5 Huddersfield Road Halifax 1 35 28 31

AQ8 317 Huddersfield Road, Halifax 1 34 37 39

AQ10 Lampost, 1 Bristol Street Halifax 1 53 54 64

AQ12 lamp 9 Exeter Street Halifax 1 31 35 37

AQ15 385 Huddersfield Road Hx 1 28 32 35

AQ16 7 Chapel St Halifax 1 26 28 33

AQ18 2 Elm View Halifax 1 32 35 36

SB1 Wharf St, Sowerby Bridge 2 53 54 57

SB3 Town Hall St, Sowerby Bridge 2 44 47 51

SB5 15 Ryburn Buildings, West St 2 45 44 49

SB7 19 Town Hall St Sowerby Bridge 2 41 41 47

SB8 former CV5 2 33 36 42

SB12 47 Bolton Brow Sowerby Bridge 2 42 40 45

SB13 163 Upper Bolton Brow 2 41 39 43

SB15 former CV4 2 41 42 43

SB16 2 Calder House, Sowerby Bridge 2 43 40 45

SB17 Wharf St Sowerby Bridge. 2 41 41 44


Progress Report 17

SB18 Wakefield Road, Sowerby Bridge 2 35 38 40

LF1 Burnley Rd, Luddendenfoot 4 50 51 54

LF1A Burnley Rd, Luddendenfoot 4 - 47 52

LF2 Tillotson Buildings Lud’foot 4 38 39 43

LF3 Coach & Horses, Luddendenfoot 4 33 31 37

LF4 1 Mill Stream View, Luddendenfoot 4 23 22 26

LF8 Burnley Rd, Luddendenfoot 4 33 32 38

LFBG Luddenden Lane N - 23 25

HQ1 59 Bridge Lanes Hebden Bridge 3 50 55 57

HQ4 Machpelah Hebden Bridge 3 31 33 35

HQ9 New Road, Hebden Bridge 3 39 43 42

HQ8 New Road, Hebden Bridge 3 28 30

BE1 Lamp, Star PH, Bridge End 6 44 40 47

BE2 adj Nursery, Bridge End, HB 6 49 44 52

BE4 lamp, masonic hall, Brighouse 6 52 53 55

ER1 adj 24 Elland Road, Brighouse 6 36 36 43

HXR1 15 Halifax Road, Brighouse 6 52 52 57

WR1 Wakefield Road, Brighouse 6 50 47 52

WR2 10 Blackburn Building Brighouse 6 42 43 45

WR3 Robin Hood PH Brighouse 6 37 36 41

BG1 adj The Cell, Bull Green, Halifax N 35 36 41

BG2 adj 12 King Cross St, Halifax N 40 45 50

BG3 Drainpipe,8 Bull Green, Halifax N 45 43 47

AT2 r/o Lindley Moor Rd, Ainley Top N 41 40 45

BN20 Wakefield Road, Brighouse 6 49 50 49

BB1 Wakefield Road, Bailiff Bridge N 32 32 35

SC6 7 Bradford Rd Stump Cross 5 - 30 36

LF1A Burnley Road Luddendenfoot 4 - 47 52

CL1 Clough Lane, Rastrick N - - 40 (44)*

PL1 Parkinson Lane, Halifax N - - 29

PL2 Parkinson Lane, Halifax N - - 30

QR1 Queens Road, Halifax N - - 37 (33)*

* Figures in brackets show the results adjusted for outliers: see Appendix 1


Progress Report 18

Figure 5: monthly mean NO2 concentration (in microgrammes per cubic metre) taken over all diffusion tubes

month


Progress Report 19

Observations on the latest non-automatic monitoring results

The results averaged over all diffusion tubes, indicated in Figure 5, show an increase in annual mean concentration over those for 2009, and this is largely in line with the automatic monitoring results. The tubes in Hebden Bridge show a much more modest increase than the continuous monitor Romon 3. However, most of the tubes which did not exceed the air quality objectives in previous years were still below the objective in 2010.

Figure 6: Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration Measured at a selection of Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites.

Figure 6 shows that the trend measured at the diffusion tube locations appears to be increasing, in contrast to what was reported in [PR10]. This is true of the majority of diffusion tubes, and supports the findings of the continuous monitoring.

Figure 7: daily mean NO2 concentrations from Barnsley Gawber


Progress Report 20

Figure 7 shows data for 2010 from Barnsley Gawber monitoring site. The data for the second half of the year are provisional (at February 2011) but there is a strong indication that concentrations increased towards the end of the year. Short term objective (1 hour mean) The short-term objective has been exceeded at Romon 2, which is within AQMA No 1 (Salterhebble).

Although there were 21 hours with a mean concentration greater than 200 gm-3 at Romon 3, these all occurred on a single day (4th February 2010) and this is unlikely to be representative of normal conditions at this location. There is no indication in terms of local weather why this day should have been different to the previous or following day, although local transport issues may be involved.

Summary of results for nitrogen dioxide In summary, there is general agreement between the diffusion tube results and the automatic monitoring results for 2010 and for the longer term trends. The reasons for this, and in particular for the increases seen in 2010, have not yet been established. The unusually cold weather in December may have contributed (both in terms of poor dispersion and increased domestic fuel burning) but this is for a wider investigation to determine. There is evidence of an increase in mean nitrogen dioxide concentration in almost all locations across the Borough.


Progress Report 21

2.2.2 PM10

The Council has not undertaken any monitoring of PM10 in 2010.

2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide

The Council has not undertaken any monitoring of sulphur dioxide in 2010.

2.2.4 Benzene

The Council has not undertaken any monitoring of benzene in 2010.

2.2.5 Other pollutants monitored

The Council has not undertaken any monitoring of other pollutants in 2010.

2.2.6 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

Calderdale MBC has measured concentrations of nitrogen dioxide above the annual mean objective at relevant locations outside of the AQMA, and will need to proceed to a Detailed Assessment, for Hipperholme, Ainley Top and Bull Green. The hourly mean objective has also been exceeded at Salterhebble Hill, Halifax and this will be included in a further assessment for AQMA No 1.


Progress Report 22

3 New Local Developments

New leisure centres have been built in Sowerby Bridge and Brighouse, but these are unlikely to have a significant impact on the air quality within the AQMAs. There are no other local developments that are not covered in this and previous reports.

3.1 Road Traffic Sources

There are no new or newly identified road traffic sources in the Borough.

3.2 Other Transport Sources

There are no new or previously unreported transport sources in the Borough.

3.3 Industrial Sources

No new industrial sources have been identified in the Borough since the previous Progress Report.

3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources

The Council found the following operator to be burning waste wood from a timber process on an appliance rated just below 0.4MW. A Clean Air Act chimney height approval application form has been provided to the operator in order that the operating parameters and air quality impact can be assessed. This information has now been returned: Martin Moore Manufacturing Ltd Elland Lane Elland HX5

3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources

No new developments with fugitive or uncontrolled emissions have been located within Calderdale since the previous Progress Report.

The Council has identified the following new or previously unidentified local developments which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area. A biomass combustion plant at Martin Moore Manufacturing, Elland. These will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment, scheduled for 2012.


Progress Report 23

4 Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy

‘MyJourney’, the third West Yorkshire Local Transport Plan (LTP3) is a new 15-year plan setting out West Yorkshire’s transport needs and ambitions until 2026 has been prepared by the five district authorities and Metro, the Integrated Transport Authority. It sets out ways to tackle congestion and aims to prepare for the predicted, post-recession growth in employment, population and housing and their impact on the reliability of the transport network.

The three main objectives are:

Economy To improve connectivity to support economic activity and growth in West Yorkshire and the Leeds City Region;

Low Carbon To make substantial progress towards a low carbon, sustainable transport system for West Yorkshire, while recognising transport's contribution to national carbon reduction plans;

Quality of Life To enhance the quality of life of people living in, working in and visiting West Yorkshire.

Four themes run through the Plan to help ensure it achieves its aims.

Transport Assets - focusing on the existing components of the transport network such as roads, bus stations & stops and traffic lights to ensure we are getting the most value out of them

Travel Choices - enabling customers to make the most sustainable choices about when and how they travel

Connectivity - ensuring people can make integrated and safe journeys using transport networks on which they can rely.

Enhancements - improving the overall network to make it more fit for journeys in the future.

The West Yorkshire Transport Emissions Group (WYTEG) was established to co-ordinate activities across district authorities regarding NO2, PM10, CO2

and noise emissions from

transport sources for the five year LTP2 period. It is envisaged that future air quality work will be co-ordinated through this group during LTP3. During LTP2, Calderdale addressed the West Yorkshire strategy and developed an AQAP aimed primarily at mitigation of AQMAs through:- traffic demand management measures, focusing on commuter journeys; encouraging more sustainable travel; actions to reduce vehicle emissions; and measures to adapt to the effects of climate change. Calderdale’s approach is to try to deal with the road traffic by very local site specific measures and many of the initiatives proposed in the LTP 3-year Implementation Plan (2011 – 14) are still relevant to the LTP2 ‘shared priorities’. Although it is generally accepted that, in most cases, the most appropriate measures are nationally policy related their actual contribution and cost effectiveness towards improving air quality may be small and difficult to assess. ‘MyJourney’ main document and the relevant Appendices are available on www.wyltp.com and in Calderdale libraries and public buildings

http://www.wyltp.com/


Progress Report 24

5 Planning Applications

Planning permission has been granted for housing on former industrial land between Hipperholme and Brighouse, but work has not yet commenced on the development. The Council has been in extensive discussions with developers about the redevelopment of a large area of land at Copley Valley, between Sowerby Bridge and Salterhebble. The Council is seeking to promote the inclusion of facilities for electrically powered vehicles in the development.


Progress Report 25

6 Air Quality Planning Policies The development of the LDF (Local Development Framework) has resulted in the withdrawal of Planning Policy EP2 (Development within and Air Quality Management Area). This is a concern because of weaknesses in PPS23:2004 in providing clear direction for dealing with such developments.


Progress Report 26

7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies

The Local Transport Plan LTP3 was in draft stage as of December 2010. It is anticipated that the implementation of measures to address the air quality strategy elements will have a significant bearing upon achieving the air quality objectives. Measures identified to address other priorities may also impact upon air quality, some beneficial but others not so. A process of continual assessment will identify forecast changes in air quality, and schemes and initiatives will be amended accordingly to minimise any negative effects. The declaration of the six AQMAs in Calderdale, three of which have action plans combined into the Calderdale AQAP, has encouraged the Council to continue:-

assessing the causation factors;

considering conflicting priorities with respect to regeneration and economic development;

raising awareness of air quality issues;

including measures, schemes and initiatives in the LTP Capital programme; and

investigating work with other agencies, organisations and the local communities to achieve the air quality objectives in the district


Progress Report 27

8 Climate Change Strategies

The Council is required to report to Government (revised NI 185 - CO2 emissions from local authority estate and operations) and is currently developing a Carbon Emissions framework for reporting revised NI 186 (district per capita CO2 emissions). It is intended this will be completed by the end of 2011.


Progress Report 28

9 Implementation of Action Plans


Progress Report 29

Table 9.1 Action Plan Progress No.

Measure Focus Lead authority

Planning phase

Implemen-tation phase

Indicator Target annual

emission reduction in the AQMA

Progress to date Progress in last 12 months

Estimated

completion date

Comments relating to emission

reductions

0 Manage bus emissions

Reduce unit emissions in the AQMA using Bus Quality Partnership Agreements (BQPA)

Calderdale MBC/ Metro (ITA)

2009/10 & 2011/12

2012-14 Elimination of Euro I and II buses by 2014

2% Failure to reach a BQPA meant the authority applied for a Traffic Regulation Control (TRC)

The TRC was adopted with the condition of having no Euro I and Euro II buses passing through the AQMA from 2011 onwards

2014 Elimination of remaining few Euro I and II buses still estimated to deliver a 2% reduction in annual emissions.

1 Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) study – Project A

To identify high-emitting vehicles

Calderdale MBC

2009/10 2010-14 The emission characteristics of the vehicle fleet and the significance of high-emitting vehicles

1% Report received:

Background and purpose;

Materials and method RSD

Study sites;

Results;

Summary and conclusions;

Recommendation for future work

As previous

2014 Removal of high emitting vehicles 1% reduction in annual emissions

2 ITS study – Project B

To gain a better understandi

Calderdale MBC

2009/10 2010-14 The make-up of the local vehicle fleet

1% Report:


As previous

2014 Awareness of the potential to


Progress Report 30

No.


Planning phase





Estimated

completion date


reductions

ng of vehicle operation and emissions

and driving conditions

Study sites;

Results;



smooth traffic flows 1% reduction in annual emissions

3 Provision of bus stop lay-by

To mitigate air quality problems caused by congestion climbing Salterhebble Hill

Calderdale MBC

2009/10 2010/11 Smoother traffic flow and less stop/ start movements of inbound traffic

1.5% Finalised detailed design and completed the construction phase

As previous

Actual June 2010

Elimination of bus stopping in the slow lane causing vehicles to re-start on the steep incline

4 Bus corridor study

Bus service reliability and punctuality to attract modal shift from car to bus and improve the flow of traffic through the congestion corridor

Calderdale MBC

2009/10 2011-14 Smoother traffic flow and less congestion

2% Collected data and corridor review;

Initial options and workshop;

Outline drawings, costing and micro-simulation of sites in and around the AQMA

As previous

Programmed in LTP 2012/13

Potential air quality improvements from reduced numbers of cars and bus priority through traffic signals

5 Walking and

Development and

Calderdale MBC

2009/10

2009/10

Weekday levels of

0.5% Completed canal towpath

As previous

2010/11

Improve local


Progress Report 31

No.


Planning phase





Estimated

completion date


reductions

cycling routes

enhancement of walking and cycling routes

2011/12 2011/12

2012/13 2012/13

pedestrian footfall and cycling

enhancements Further develop ‘Walk-it’ signing schemes and promotion leaflets Included improvements to Hebble Trail walking and cycling route in Local Sustainability Transport Fund (LSTF) bid

2012/13 2013/14

walking and cycling routes to encourage more people to walk and cycle short distances rather than using the private car

Supplementary information

Salterhebble Hill AQMA / A629 Huddersfield Road corridor

Actions within the AQMA

Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) - University of Leeds Project A ITS carried out an on-road tailpipe emissions survey of vehicles at Salterhebble, Halifax in October 2009 using Remote Sensing Devices (RSD-4600).

The objectives of the study were to:-

Collect 2 days (0800 – 1800hrs) of vehicle emission drive-through measurements at the monitoring site;


Progress Report 32

Measurements include: instantaneous speed and acceleration, ratios of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC), Nitric Oxide (NO) to Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the motor vehicle exhaust. The system is also able to measure coarse particle emissions (smoke or PM) per unit of fuel used. A digital image of the rear of the vehicle and license plate is stored also for off-line processing;

Analyse the measurements, characterising the emission characteristics of the vehicle fleet and identify the abundance and significance of high-emitting vehicles; and

Use as a tool to evaluate environmental policies, traffic management strategies and the introduction of low-emission vehicles; as well as the identification of high emitter or gross polluter vehicles

Project B A moving vehicle survey through the AQMA in February 2010 The objectives of the further study were to:-

Collect data from instrumented vehicles deployed to drive through the AQMA to collate high time resolution vehicle speed and driver behaviour data. This information will be used as an input to PHEM to in turn generate improved fuel consumption and emission predictions, including primary NO2 emissions. Emission predictions would be mapped across the AQMA; and

To better understand vehicle emissions in AQMA it was considered necessary to be familiar with the make-up of the local vehicle fleet and driving conditions i.e. the amount of time vehicles spend idling, cruising, accelerating and decelerating, road gradient and engine load.

Provision of bus stop lay-by facilities within the AQMA

The bus stops within the AQMA are situated on the highway and the time taken for boarding and alighting during peak periods resulted in queueing traffic. This is a particular problem at the main inbound stop adjacent to Calderdale Royal Hospital, located immediately through the signalised junction with Dudwell Lane. The stop/ start movements of inbound traffic climbing the A629 at Salterhebble Hill exacerbate air quality issues in the area.

The 2009/10 LTP programme included the feasibility, survey, consultation and design of a full lay-by at the bus stop to removing stationary vehicles from the main carriageway and reduce the effects on the air quality.

The scheme was completed as part of the 2010/11 programme. Roadside surveys indicate much smoother traffic flow and we are currently arranging to carry out ‘post-completion’ moving vehicle survey through the AQMA to assess improvements and benefits. Planned for late September 2011


Progress Report 33

A629 Halifax – Huddersfield corridor bus / high occupancy vehicle priorities

Halifax to Huddersfield via Elland is a nominated ‘priority corridor’ under the Performance Improvement Partnership recently formed between Calderdale Council, Metro and bus operator First. The A629 between Calder and Hebble Junction and Halifax is also a specified ‘congestion corridor’ within the West Yorkshire Congestion Target Delivery Plan.

Calderdale Council and its partners will investigate a package of measures aimed at improving bus service reliability and punctuality, with the aim of attracting modal shift from car to bus, and also improving the general flow of traffic through the congestion corridor. These include:

Bus lanes/ high occupancy vehicle lanes;

Junction remodelling and adjustments to signals;

Traffic light priorities (Automatic Vehicle Location) for buses at signals and crossings. Potential air quality improvements would result from reduced numbers of cars passing through the AQMA and reduced stop/ start movements of buses as they are given priority through traffic signals.

The 2009/10 LTP programme included a study carried out by consultants to:-

Collect data and review the corridor;

Provide initial options and organise a workshop;

Provide drawings, costing and micro-simulation of agreed sites in and around the AQMA The A629 Bus Corridor study final report was completed by April 2010. It has been assessed and scheme proposals are undergoing feasibility studies for inclusion in LTP3 Implementation Plan. A scheme proposal for further work at the major junction in the AQMA adjacent to the Calderdale Royal Hospital has been provisionally included in the 2012/13 LTP programme

Provision and promotion of sustainable travel options

The development and enhancement of walking and cycling routes on the Calder& Hebble Navigation towpath and the Halifax Arm during 2009/10 through the LTP programme, have created a link into the Hebble Trail which provides access to Salterhebble public transport facilities (in the AQMA and surrounding area), Calderdale Royal Hospital and onwards to Halifax town centre. Further improvements to other sections of the towpath now enable cycling access from Elland and Brighouse

Schemes to improve access via existing steps/ underpass under busy A629 and continuation of costly off-road Hebble Trail Phase2 has been included in a West Yorkshire LSTF bid, for immediate start if successful

‘Before and after’ improvement work (2009/10 sections) surveys indicate


Progress Report 34

Pre Surface Walkers

Pre Surface Cyclists

Post Treatment Walkers

Post Treatment Cyclists

% Increase walkers

% Increase cyclists

Mid Week 94 14 196 36 208% 257%

Weekend 167 77 364 247 218% 320%

Total over 2 days

261 91 560 283 214% 311%

Usage is being monitored and anecdotal feedback indicates that local traffic originating within the AQMA could be affected/ reduced. Continued development and promotion of the local network is included in the AQAP medium term plans

In 2009/10 the Council introduced pavement signs showing walking times from the AQMA into Halifax town centre and provided isochrone maps promoting the health and economic benefits of the ‘Walk It’ initiative.

It is proposed to continue working with the local community to improve local walking and cycling routes and to promote these through ‘Walk It’ and other initiatives to encourage more people to walk and cycle short distances rather than using the private car.

Table 9.2 2010/11 Action Plan Progress (as at 31 March 2011)

Hebden Bridge AQMA / A646 Burnley Road corridor

No.


Planning phase





Estimated

completion date


reductions




2009/10 & 2011/12

2011-14 Elimination of Euro I and II buses by 2014


The TRC was adopted with the condition of having no Euro I and Euro II buses passing through

2011 Elimination of remaining few Euro I and II buses still estimated to deliver a 2% reduction in annual


Progress Report 35

No.


Planning phase





Estimated

completion date


reductions

the AQMA from 2011 onwards

emissions.

1 Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) study – Project A

To identify high-emitting vehicles

Calderdale MBC

2009/10 2010-14 The emission characteristics of the vehicle fleet and the significance of high-emitting vehicles

0.5% Report:



Study sites;

Results;



As previous

2014 Removal of high emitting vehicles 0.5% reduction in annual emissions


To gain a better understanding of vehicle operation and emissions

Calderdale MBC

2009/10 2010-14 The make-up of the local vehicle fleet and driving conditions

0.5% Report:


Study sites;

Results;



As previous

2014 Awareness of the potential to smooth traffic flows 0.5% reduction in annual emissions

3 Walking and cycling routes

Development and enhancement of walking and cycling routes

Calderdale MBC

2009/10 2009/10

2009/10 2010/11

Weekday levels of pedestrian footfall to rail station Weekday

0.2% 0.3%

Improvement of the memorial gardens walking route from the town centre to the rail station Completion of on-

As previous

2009/10 2010/11

Encourage more people to walk and cycle short distances rather than using the


Progress Report 36

No.


Planning phase





Estimated

completion date


reductions

levels of pedestrian footfall to rail station

street route improvements from town centre to rail station

private car to drive into or through Hebden Bridge town centre

4 Cycling provision

Provide 10 lockers and 10 cycle stands with shelter to accompany the existing facilities at the station.

Calderdale MBC/ Northern Rail

2009/10 2010/11 Weekday levels of commuter cycling to rail station

0.1% Introduced lockers and stands Carried out user surveys/ interview surveys for commuters

As previous

2010/11 Encourage more people cycle short distances rather than using the private car to drive into or through Hebden Bridge town centre

5 Congestion Relief

Provide CCTV and digital Variable Message Signs (VMS)

Calderdale MBC

2010/11 2010/11 Queue lengths in centres along the A646 Upper Calder Valley

0.1% All CCTV and VMS hardware installed and connected to central control room

As previous

2010/11 VMS can be activated and signals in Hebden Bridge adjusted remotely to ensure queuing and congestion is reduced in peak


Progress Report 37

No.


Planning phase





Estimated

completion date


reductions

periods


Hebden Bridge AQMA / A646 Burnley Road corridor


Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) - University of Leeds Project A ITS carried out an on-road tailpipe emissions survey of vehicles at Market Street, Hebden Bridge in October 2009 using Remote Sensing Devices (RSD-4600).

Project B A moving vehicle survey through the AQMA in February 2010

Development and promotion of walking and cycling routes

The 2009/10 and 2010/11 LTP programmes included:-

The improvement of the walking route through the memorial gardens from the town centre to the rail station;

Assessment and implementation of existing drop kerbs and enhancements on routes to and from the rail station;

Assessment and implementation of existing signing and consultation on the design of proposed walking route signing carried out; Walking and cycling initiatives to encourage modal shift:-

Remedial work on the cycle lockers at the station;

Assessment and consultation on suitable locations to install covered cycle stands in town centre car-parks;

Worked with Northern Rail to secure funding from ‘Cycling England’ to provide lockers and cycle stands with shelter to accompany the existing facilities at the station. Additional cycle storage installed during 2010/11.


Progress Report 38

Congestion Relief

In 2010/11 CCTV and digital Variable Message Signs (VMS) were provided for through the LTP2 programme and located on the A646 Burnley Road. Their primary function is to provide real time travel information to reduce congestion in the Upper Calder Valley communities, such as Hebden Bridge. The signs can relay advice on intended and ‘in progress’ roadwork’s, adverse weather conditions and general traffic information which provides assistance to journey planning in peak periods.

Table 9.3 2010/11 Action Plan Progress (as at 31 March 2011)

Sowerby Bridge AQMA / A58 Wharf Street – Bolton Brow corridor

No.


Planning phase





Estimated

completion date


reductions




2011/12 2012-14 Elimination of Euro I and II buses by 2014


The TRC was adopted with the condition of having no Euro I and Euro II buses passing through the AQMA from 2011 onwards

2011 Elimination of remaining few Euro I and II buses still estimated to deliver a 2% reduction in annual emissions.

1 Institute for Transport

To identify high-emitting

Calderdale MBC

2010/11 2011/12 The emission characteristics of the

1.0% Progress report:


As previous

2014 Removal of high emitting


Progress Report 39

No.


Planning phase





Estimated

completion date


reductions

Studies (ITS) study – Project A

vehicles vehicle fleet and the significance of high-emitting vehicles


Study sites;

Results;



vehicles 0.5% reduction in annual emissions


To gain a better understanding of vehicle operation and emissions

Calderdale MBC

2011/12 2011/12 The make-up of the local vehicle fleet and driving conditions

1.0% Preparation for survey:

Arrangements for equipment and logistics;

Arranging funding

Preparation work only

2014 Awareness of the potential to smooth traffic flows 1.0% reduction in annual emissions

3 Cycling provision

Provide 5 cycle stands with shelter in adjacent car park

Calderdale MBC

2010/11 2010/11 Weekday levels of use

0.1% The installation was vandalised so replacement stands are being purchased and will be installed

As previous

2011/12 Encourage more people cycle short distances rather than using the private car to drive into or through Sowerby Bridge town centre


Progress Report 40


Sowerby Bridge AQMA / A58 Wharf Street – Bolton Brow corridor


Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) - University of Leeds Project A ITS carried out an on-road tailpipe emissions survey of vehicles adjacent to Crow Wood Park, Sowerby Bridge in July 2010 using Remote Sensing Devices (RSD-4600).

Project B Proposed to carry out a moving vehicle survey through the AQMA in Autumn 2011

Development and promotion of walking and cycling

The 2011/12 LTP programme includes walking and cycling initiatives to encourage modal shift:-

Assessment of the opportunities to connect NCN Route66 (Calder Valley Cycleway) through Sowerby Bridge with the recently enhanced canal towpath route eastwards to Salterhebble and Elland;

Assessment and development of enhancement opportunities on routes to and from the rail station;

Assessment and condition survey of existing town centre walking routes with a view to improve surfaces and signing; :-

Remedial work on the cycle lockers at the station;

Assessment and consultation on suitable locations to install more covered cycle stands in town centre car-parks;

Worked with Northern Rail to secure funding from ‘Cycling England’ to provide cycle stands with shelter to accompany the existing facilities at the station. Additional cycle storage installed during 2010/11.


Progress Report 41

10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions

10.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data

Detailed assessments identified in this report This report has identified three areas for detailed assessments outside AQMAs, all for annual mean NO2 concentrations, as well as a biomass installation: Bull Green, Halifax (road traffic) Ainley Top (road traffic) Hipperholme (road traffic) Elland Lane, Elland (biomass combustion) Further assessments for AQMAs The Council is considering the data collected within its AQMAs and proposes the following assessments: AQMA No 4 Luddendenfoot – reduction in size of AQMA AQMA No 5 Stump Cross – reduction in size of AQMA AQMA No 1 Salterhebble – change of AQMA Boundary and consideration of declaration for hour mean NO2 objective.

10.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments

No developments have been identified in this report that may have an impact on local air quality.

10.3 Other Conclusions

The work undertaken in association with ILS is currently being considered by the Council, and it is hoped that this will inform future actions on local air quality. Implementation of Air Quality Action Plans The Calderdale AQAP Schedule of Actions and Initiatives provides the anticipated air

quality impact on the AQMAs

Traffic monitoring Before manual classified traffic counts and regular counts on the approaches to the

Salterhebble AQMA and the Hebden Bridge AQMA ;

Halifax traffic model (2008) and a subsequent study to create an extended version of the Halifax traffic model (2009). This model, which has now been validated, will then be used by CMBC to assist in the development of the transport strategy and influence on-highway and future development actions

Additional monitoring If funds allow, there is a need to continually monitor the existing AQMA’s through the on-

road tailpipe emissions survey and the moving vehicle survey through the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) - University of Leeds during the period 2011/2014


Progress Report 42

Local Transport Plan The schemes and initiatives targeting the initiatives will continue to be included in the

LTP 3-year Implementation Plan (2011–14) programmes to address air quality in the declared AQMAs

10.4 Proposed Actions

Two areas, West Central Halifax and Clough Lane, Rastrick, were identified for detailed assessments for nitrogen dioxide from traffic. West Central Halifax was identified on the basis of narrow, congested streets and a busy junction not previously assessed. Clough Lane was identified as a busy junction not previously assessed. In addition, the other areas listed in Section 10.1 warrant further investigation, as summarised below. 10.4.1 West Central Halifax Monitoring was carried out in 2010 and a Detailed Assessment has been submitted. 10.4.2 Clough Lane, Rastrick Diffusion tube CL1 shows a borderline exceedence of the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide, but this is based on data from a single diffusion tube. Two more tubes have now been deployed and the Council will be better placed to make an informed decision when at least one year’s monitoring is available, in mid 2012. 10.4.3 Hipperholme A set of diffusion tubes has been deployed in Hipperholme to investigate the air quality around the recently upgraded road junction. One existing tube has given indications that the annual average nitrogen dioxide concentration may be above the AQO. The results will be presented in a Detailed Assessment at the end of 2012. 10.4.4 Ainley Top A set of diffusion tubes has been deployed around Ainley Top to investigate the air quality around the motorway junction. Existing tubes have given indications that the annual average nitrogen dioxide concentration may be above the AQO in parts of Ainley Top. The results will be presented in a Detailed Assessment at the end of 2012. 10.4.5 Local Transport Plan LTP3 Future air quality work will be co-ordinated through The West Yorkshire Transport Emissions Group (WYTEG) during LTP3 and the revision of Calderdale Council’s Air Quality Action Plan will complement WYLTP3.


Progress Report 43

11 References

Acknowledgements This report includes statistical plots produced using Openair: David Carslaw and Karl Ropkins (2011). openair: Open-source tools for the analysis of air pollution data. R package version 0.4-0. www.openair-project.org and R: R Development Core Team (2010). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org/ . Other references [DA03] Detailed Assessment 2003/4, Calderdale MBC, 2005 [PR07] Progress Report 2007, Calderdale MBC, 2008 [PR10] Progress Report 2010, Calderdale MBC, 2010 [S1] Stage 1 Report, Calderdale MBC, 1999 [S2] Stage 2 Report, Calderdale MBC, 2000 [S3] Stage 3 Report, Calderdale MBC, 2001 [TG09] Local Air Quality management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09),

DEFRA 2009 [TGB] Technical Guidance: Screening assessment for biomass boilers, AEA

2008 [USA02] Updating and Screening Assessment 2002/3, Calderdale MBC, 2003 [USA05] Updating and Screening Assessment 2005, Calderdale MBC, 2005 [USA09] Updating and Screening Assessment 2009, Calderdale MBC, 2009

http://www.openair-project.org/

http://www.r-project.org/


Progress Report 44

Appendices

Appendix A: QA:QC Data Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors The Council uses tubes supplied and analysed by West Yorkshire Analytical Services. The preparation method is 50% TEA in acetone. The R&A helpdesk database gives a factor of 0.92 for 2010. The Council has adopted the local factor. Factor from Local Co-location Studies (if available) The local study for 2010 is shown in Table A1.

period dates bs1 bs2 bs3 mean Romon 4 mean % data

1 6/1-3/2 79 80 83 80.66667 63.7 98

2 3/2-3/3 81 81 82 81.33333 63.3 96

3 3/3-31/3 74 70 75 73 59.3 99

4 31/3-28/4 62 64 64 63.33333 48.9 99

5 28/4-2/6 58 59 59 58.66667 47 98

6 2/6-30/6 58 60 58 58.66667 52 95

7 30/6-4/8 45 46 45 45.33333 44.5 99

8 4/8-1/9 46 43 49 46 38.5 95

9 1/9-29/9 63 64 51 59.33333 49.3 99

10 29/9-3/11 66 67 68 67 61.2 48

11 3/11-1/12 69 81 72 74 56.1 99

12 1/12-5/1/11 82 76 89 82.33333 77.8 97.039576

means 65 66 66 62 55

use

factor 0.842 0.84

Table A1: local bias correction factor calculation. Short-term to Long-term Data adjustment: Romon 3 The 2010 data from Romon 3 was found to be partly unusable following an ozone contamination problem. The problem was eventually diagnosed (due to other issues masking the effect of the contamination) in February 2011. The full year’s data for 2010 was carefully examined and it was found that a marked change in the raw NO/NOx ratio occurred in June 2010. Prior to this the data appears reliable, but afterwards the data gradually becomes less credible (particularly in respect of night time NO2 levels). Therefore the data after 10th June 2010 has been rejected, and the mean for 1st January to 10th June has been annualised as described in Box 3.2 of [TG09]. Data from Romon 1 and Romon 4 were used for this purpose, as shown in Table A2.


Progress Report 45

Table A2: annualisation of Romon 3 data

Monitor AM PM Ratio Romon 3 annualised

Romon 1 48.5 52.2 0.929119 53.77186

Romon 4 51.58 55.71 0.925866 53.58362

mean 0.93 53.7

Adjustment for outlying values Two diffusion tubes, QR1 and CL1, had single months with results that appeared to be greatly different in magnitude to the results for other months. The advice in paragraphs A1.202 to A1.204 of [TG09] was considered when evaluating this situation. In the case of CL1 the uncorrected results were between 34 and 77, with the exception of December’s result, which was 6. This seemed well below what was expected from other tube results and was treated as an outlier when calculating the annual mean (although both figures are quoted in Table 2.4). In the case of QR1 the result for March 2010 was 96, much greater than the typical figure for this tube. Nearby tubes PL1 and PL2 did not exhibit this jump in concentration, and there was no unusual activity in the area that would account for this jump. The result was therefore cautiously treated as an outlier. The diffusion tube results for 2010 are given in full in Table A3. QA/QC of automatic monitoring All automatic monitoring sites are visited by local authority staff at least once a fortnight, when basic checks are made of the pump operation, the condition of the site, and the instruments are calibrated against reference cylinder gases. Inlet filters are changed monthly. Sites are also visited at least every six months by a maintenance contractor (Casella) for a full service, and a callout system is in operation. Data is backed up every week to a secure network, and calibration results are used to scale the raw data every month. A check is made every working day to confirm that all the data has been received and that it appears reasonable. This ensures that the risk of missing or bad data is reduced, and that there is an opportunity to investigate unusual readings as soon as possible after they occur. A diary is kept of unusual traffic conditions and other events that might have an impact on air quality, and it is sometimes possible to match these events to patterns in the monitoring data. QA/QC of diffusion tube monitoring Diffusion tubes are provided and analysed by West Yorkshire Analytical Services. Tubes are stored in cool conditions on receipt by the Council, and are deployed by staff on, or as close as possible to, the scheduled day. The date and time of deployment and recovery are noted and provided to the laboratory. The tube precision for 2010 was good, according to the R&A Helpdesk spreadsheet. West Yorkshire Analytical services has demonstrated satisfactory performance in the WASP scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes, April 2009 – April 2010. The laboratory is rated ‘good’ on the old set of criteria and ‘acceptable’ on the new set of


Progress Report 46

criteria. The criteria can be found at http://laqm1.defra.gov.uk/review/tools/no2/qa-qc.php

Table A3: complete NO2 diffusion tube Results 2010

raw mean

Bias corrected

Ref Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec f=0.84 f=0.92

HB1 69 68 68 61 51 48 45 46 51 64 71 69 59 50 54

HB3 G 35 32 30 22 22 22 20 19 26 31 32 38 27 23 25

HB4 57 54 51 43 41 38 38 40 41 48 56 65 48 40 44

HB6 76 65 58 52 48 46 39 45 44 53 65 74 55 46 51

HTAH 58 61 49 53 49 51 40 48 49 54 63 69 54 45 50

HH1 57 50 50 47 49 46 36 42 52 55 54 57 50 42 46

CRH1 94 93 85 66 68 72 61 65 66 78 96 99 79 66 73

CRH4 67 63 55 31 40 46 28 34 47 51 62 70 50 42 46

CS2 62 70 62 49 47 46 36

42 44 58 51 52 44 48

BS1 79 81 74 62 58 58 45 46 63 66 69 82 65 55 60

BS2 80 81 70 64 59 60 46 43 64 67 81 76 66 55 61

BS3 83 82 75 64 59 58 45 49 51 68 72 89 66 55 61

SC4 45 37 41 26 28 28 25 24 35 41 13 50 33 28 30

SC5 61 63 50 49 51 60 39 42 59 55 56 61 54 45 50

SC6 51 46 47 38 34 43 33 34 44 37 54 54 43 36 40

BH3 79 54 61 56 51 54 43 53 64 67 75 91 62 52 57

LMR1 54 50 41 43 39 43 34 38 40 44 58 55 45 38 41

AQ4 58 54 41 34 27 24 20 19 32 46 76 68 42 35 39

AQ5 46 45 41 31 30 30 26 26 29 39 44 52 37 31 34

AQ8 56 52 45 40 35 39 35 37 50 48 56 60 46 39 42

AQ10 94 86 78 67 63 64 58 57 81 76 83 100 76 64 70

AQ12 51 49 50 39 32 30 33 30 43 49 53 68 44 37 40

AQ15 50 53 48 40 35 37 28 27 39 43 47 52 42 35 39

AQ16 51 50 43 34 31 29 26 29 37 38 48 56 39 33 36

AQ18 55

46 37 27 33 36 32 44 44 53 63 43 36 40

SB1 80 71 79 60 61 61 55 58 56 79 80 80 68 57 63

SB3 77 79 72 58 51 52 43 44 32 69 68 73 60 50 55

SB5 72 64 69 51 46 47 45 45 56 62 69 66 58 49 53

SB7 77 55 59 51 47 48 38 30 49 54 86 80 56 47 52

SB8 61 61 56 45 42 39 33 32 44 50 67 65 50 42 46

SB12 69 67 60 46 41 44 37 43 43 55 71 72 54 45 50

SB13 61 58 57 46 27 37 36 45 43 55 66 76 51 43 47

SB15 68 64 59 54 40 47 41 43 50 59 53 31 51 43 47

SB16 69 64 58 52 40 45 36 40 48 54 63 67 53 45 49

SB17 56 57 58 46 45 44 40 43 52 53 60 64 52 44 48

SB18 66 62 55 35 32 33 33 33 45 48 58 70 48 40 44

LF1 76 76 72 65 61 55 48 50 57 64 74 72 64 54 59

LF1A 69 83 70 66 57 54 45 44 55 63 65 67 62 52 57

LF2 65 65 53 48 43 35 33 37 47 53 61 70 51 43 47

LF3 54 57 49 40 37 38 28 34 39 43 49 58 44 37 40

LF4 45 45 34 26 23 20 14 15 26 32 42 47 31 26 29

LF8 57 58 44 40 40 38 31 32 42 50 50 62 45 38 41

LFBG 43 42 29 23 21 19

17 24 29 39 48 30 25 28

HQ1 61 72 70 70 56 59 51 70 65 71 75 98 68 57 63

HQ4 64 55 44 40 34 36 26 26 37 41 49 50 42 35 39

HQ9 50 62 59 49 46 44 36 39 46 54 62 48 50 42 46

HQ8 47 41 36 29 25 25 25 25 32 34 41 70 36 30 33

http://laqm1.defra.gov.uk/review/tools/no2/qa-qc.php

http://laqm1.defra.gov.uk/review/tools/no2/qa-qc.php


Progress Report 47

BE1 69 51 65 51 51 57 37 38 48 57 70 76 56 47 52

BE2 66 68 70 55 59 60 43 50 63 66 73 76 62 52 57

BE4 75 59 68 61 61 60 57 58 61 69 76 79 65 55 60

ER1 58 64 54 48 43 44 34 41 45 53 63 67 51 43 47

HXR1 67 64 74 63 62 68 63 65 74 67 89 63 68 57 63

WR1 83 79 67 53 51 54 39 48 55 66 84 63 62 52 57

WR2 64 58 63 47 45 45 39 42 47 59 60 69 53 45 49

WR3 63 57 57 46 39 39 29 32 46 49 60 65 49 41 45

BG1 64 50 52 44 40 44 33 38 48 49 60 71 49 41 45

BG2 72 53 59 57 48 51 48 51 64 55 73 81 59 50 54

BG3 73 51 58 54 49 46 41 43 54 60 68 72 56 47 52

AT2 60 58 63 53 46 43 41 41 50 58 63 65 53 45 49

BN20 75 63 52 52 44 45 48 39 63 66 78 71 58 49 53

BB1 50 35 46 36

38 34 33 39 45 49 55 42 35 39

CL1 62 77 54 49 43 43 34 37 53 53 65 6 48 40 44

PL1 44 38 36 30 28 29 22 24 31 32 43 48 34 29 31

PL2 44 46 40 31 29 30 25 23 37 39 46 45 36 30 33

QR1 45 46 96 34 32 39 24 27 37 45 48 54 44 37 40

Where a reference is highlighted this indicates that the diffusion tube is located outside an AQMA and is indicating an exceedence of the annual mean objective. Yellow cells indicate outliers.

Appendix 2: Romon 2 and 4 independently ratified data 2010 These data have been fully ratified by AQDM and adopted by The Council.

Romon 2 Romon 2, Huddersfield Road, Halifax

Air Quality Statistics

Pollutant NO2 NOX

Number Very High 0 -

Number High 0 -

Number Moderate 2 -

Number Low 8049 -

Maximum 15-minute mean 390 µg m-3

2193 µg m-3

Maximum hourly mean 315 µg m-3

1744 µg m-3

Maximum running 8-hour mean 207 µg m-3

1056 µg m-3


833 µg m-3

Maximum daily mean 154 µg m-3

745 µg m-3

Average 56 µg m-3

166 µg m-3

Data capture 91.9 % 91.9 %

All mass units are at 20'C and 1013mb NOX mass units are NOX as NO2 µg m-3


Progress Report 48

Air Quality Exceedences

Pollutant Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 and (Amendment) Regulations 2002

Exceedences Days

Nitrogen Dioxide Annual mean > 40 µg m-3

1 -

Nitrogen Dioxide Hourly mean > 200 µg m-3

34 13

Nitrogen Oxides (NO2) Annual mean > 30 µg m-3

1 -

Romon 4 Romon 4. Wharf Street, Sowerby Bridge

Air Quality Statistics

Pollutant NO2 NOX

Number Very High 0 -

Number High 0 -

Number Moderate 0 -

Number Low 8296 -

Maximum 15-minute mean 468 µg m-3

1629 µg m-3

Maximum hourly mean 176 µg m-3

1060 µg m-3


923 µg m-3


728 µg m-3

Maximum daily mean 109 µg m-3

703 µg m-3

Average 55 µg m-3

173 µg m-3

Data capture 94.7 % 94.7 %

All mass units are at 20'C and 1013mb NOX mass units are NOX as NO2 µg m-3

Air Quality Exceedences

Pollutant Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 and (Amendment) Regulations 2002

Exceedences Days

Nitrogen Dioxide Annual mean > 40 µg m-3

1 -

Nitrogen Dioxide Hourly mean > 200 µg m-3

0 0

Nitrogen Oxides (NO2) Annual mean > 30 µg m-3

1 -

Documents

Air quality progress report 2011 - Calderdale...Appendix 2 Romon 2 and 4 independently ratified data List of Tables Table 1.1 Air quality objectives Table 1.2 Summary of previous rounds