AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES & INITIATIVES › assets › 2019_2.2... · 1 October 2019 | AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES & INITIATIVES: Dr Joy Leaner & Air Quality Officials

1 October 2019 |

AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES & INITIATIVES:

Dr Joy Leaner & Air Quality Officials of the Western Cape

Stellenbosch

Overview of the Western Cape

© Western Cape Government 2012 |

WESTERN CAPE GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES

Overview of AQM - 2015

Our priorities include

• Enabling a growing economy and creating jobs;

• Empowering people;

• Better public transport, mobility and spatial transformation

• Establishing safer and more cohesive communities; and

• Driving innovation, resilience and culture.


SYSTEMS APPROACH TO AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Overview of AQM - 2015


The Western Cape Government DEA&DP,

implements and provides an oversight role wrt air quality management

in the Province.

Western Cape:

1st Gen AQMP 20102nd Gen AQMP 2016

3rd Gen AQMP 2021…planning

Western Cape - Air Quality Management Plan

Vision:“Clean and healthy air for all in the

Western Cape”


AQMP Working Groups – Highlights

Sally Benson (A Kaffir)

Sally Benson (S Mtila)

Peter Harmse (J Schoeman)

AQMP Status AQOapproved 30

31/31drafts 1total 31

CoCT7 initiatives with “Sniffels” cat mascot (700 learners)

CWDMInteractive theatre “Doele&Daisies”: 60 schools (16 275 learners)

GRDM

Clean Fires Campaign|D: EducGrade 3: 35 schools (1 225 learners) in Oudtshoorn & Kannaland

IGTTsOudtshoorn, Saldanha Bay, St Helena Bay

AQWG CoCT, GRDM, CWDM,WCDM

Vehicle Emission

Testing (2018)

CCT (8 494 tested)GRDM (164 tested)


AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING

6SMART-air Strategy

Designation of Air

Quality Officers

(31/31)

Air Quality

Management Plans

(30/31)

AQM Bylaws

(13/30) – concern:

challenges

developing and

adopting bylaws on

air quality

management

0 2 4 6 8 10

DEA&DP

City of Cape Town

Overberg DM

Cape Winelands DM

West Coast DM

Central Karoo DM

Eden DM

AQM Bylaws AQO AQMP Required No.

Status in the Province: Air Quality Governance

100%

97%

43%

[Bylaw N/A]*

2nd Gen [2016]

3rd Gen[2019]

2nd Gen [2019]

2nd Gen [2018]

2nd Gen [in prog]

Garden Route DM

1


AIR QUALITY OFFICERS’ FORUM

7WCG-PPT Slide Gallery-01112012.pptx

YEAR LOCATION

2010 George, Beaufort West, Woodstock

2011 George; Witsand; Sea Point

2012 Langebaan; Knysna; Robertson

2013 Arniston; Matjiesfontein; Klapmuts

2014 Citrusdal; Cape Town; Calitzdorp; Cape Town

2015 Caledon; Beaufort West; Paarl; Driftsands

2016 Driftsands; Mossel Bay; Tygerberg

2017 Langebaan, Driftsands, Mossel Bay, Tygerberg

2018 Langebaan; Driftsands; George; McGregor;

Oudtshoorn

*

1


WC AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK

Hermanus

Hout Bay

Paarl

Mossel Bay / Dana Bay

• 12 x monitoring stations; continuous reporting (see map)

• 1 x portable monitor (Shelley Point due to air pollution complaints)

• 2 x cameras (GAW Station Cape Point; Saldanha Bay)

1


from 01Jan2015

Daily Mean PM10 NAAQS

of 75 µg/m³ exceeded on

six occasions during 2018:

• George (1): Oct 2018

due to strong winds

and veld fires

• Vissershok (5): March 18

due to windblown dust


Daily max 8-hourly

mean O3 NAAQS

standard of 120 µg/m3

exceeded 19 times

during 2018:

• Khayelitsha:

175 µg/m3 in Aug

2018. likely due to

high ambient

temperatures, open

fires and emissions

from vehicles.

• Malmesbury:

a seasonal cycle,

approaching the

NAAQS standard


CITY OF CAPE TOWN AQM NETWORK

• 14 x monitoring stations

• First commissioned

station at Molteno in

1992 – current

1


Daily Mean PM10 NAAQS

of 75 µg/m³ exceeded

16 times during 2018:

• Foreshore (4): 83 µg/m³

(max average)

• Wallacedene (12): 143 µg/m³

(max average)

CITY OF CAPE TOWN AQM NETWORK1


Daily max 8-hourly mean O3

NAAQS standard of 120 µg/m3

exceeded in 2018:

• Plattekloof (3): 131 µg/m3

(max average)

• Atlantis (2): 128 µg/m3

(max average)

CITY OF CAPE TOWN1


WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

• Velddrif in June 2017

• Measures H2S due to complaints of odour (fish processing)

1


GARDEN ROUTE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY1


CENTRAL KAROO DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

• Potassium detected.

• Molybdenum, Thorium

and Uranium levels

below the detection

limit

• Thorium was detected

during first sample

however not in the

second sample at

Hillside Clinic

• PM-10 levels SA-AAQS

of 75μg/m3 as a daily

average.

1


SALDANHA BAY LOCAL MUNICIPALITY

• 2 x monitoring stations:

SO2, O3, NOx, NO2, PM10

and PM2.5 were all

generally below the

NAAQS during 2018

• 7 x dust buckets:

all below the dust

thresholds

1


SMART-air PROGRAMME

18SMART-air Strategy

1. SMART-air Emission Abatement and Mitigation Technologies

Recognises the role that industry plays in reducing air pollutant and

greenhouse gas emissions through the emission abatement and

mitigation technologies they use.

2. SMART-air Mentorship and Artisanal Training

Engage with industry, tertiary education institutions, etc. to train youth,

government officials and unemployed.

3. SMART-air 2Precious2Pollute Recognition

Awards Ceremony

3. SMART-air Emissions Inventory

Air pollutant and greenhouse gas Emissions Inventory.

5. SMART-air Awareness Raising

2


WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY 20192


MUNICIPAL INITIATIVES2

George Agricultural Show (GRDM)• GRDM Air Quality Management

• Monitoring equipment

• Distributed air quality educational pamphlets

Knysna and Plettenberg Bay (GRDM)• Lesson plans aligned with National Curriculum (CAPS)

• Resources on air pollution: Life Skills for Grade 3

learners (A3 posters, games and content for

interactive whiteboard use)

• Grade 3 teachers trained


SUMMARY: PAEL/AEL as at 31 DEC 20183


CAPACITY BUILDING3

Noise Control Forum & Training• Noise Control Task Team:

M van As, S Maree, P Harmse

• In-house capacity building

• Platform to share

understanding of how to

handle noise matters

NAEIS Training• NAEIS workshops at Mossel Bay office, working

separately with the different industry sectors.

• GRDM Air Quality unit presented and assisted the

industries to submit their NAEIS reports.

• DEA&DP / DEA presented to industry


DRONE TECHNOLOGY3

Noise Control Forum & Training• 3 PILOTS TRAINED AND LICENSED• PORTABLE AIR SAMPLING UNIT (FLYING LABORATORY)• DRONE TECHNOLOGY EXPLORED


SPECIAL INITIATIVES IN THE SMART-air PROGRAMME

24Go to Insert > Header & Footer > Enter presentation name into footer field

BAVARIA AND WCG MOA – ACTION PLAN

The Western Cape Government and the Free State of Bavaria has signed an Action Plan (2016-2018) in July 2016 stating cooperation on many topics such as business education, science and research, local government promotion and cooperation, climate change, environment, urban development and youth exchange among others.

The points of cooperation are specified as

follows:

a. Exchange of RAC-Experts

b. Establishing training concepts for the

use of natural refrigerants

c. Highlighting climate friendly solutions

for agricultural processes and buildings

d. Enhancing regulations in the RAC-

sector


South Africa: Montreal Protocol & GHGs

25

2014Regulations

regarding the

Phasing-out and

Management of

Ozone-Depleting

Substances,

Regulation 351

08May2014

1987Montreal

Protocol on

Substances

that Deplete the

Ozone Layer

16Sep1987

2016 HFC Phase-

down under the

Kigali

Amendment to

the Montreal

Protocol

01Jan2019

1997Listed under

the Kyoto

Protocol

2019 South Africa

ratified the Kigali

Amendment

01Aug2019

International

South Africa

Phase-out Schedule: HCFCs +

Equipment charged with HCFC22,

full phase out by 2040.

2017National GHG

Reporting

Regulations

G.N.40762

03Apr2017

2019 Carbon Tax Act

No.15 of 2019

Jun2019

2016Declaration of

GHGs as

Priority

Pollutants

Regulation 6

08Jan2016

2016National

Pollution

Prevention

Plans

Regulation 5

08Jan2016


Western Cape Air Quality

Management Plan 2016Bavaria is actively involved in the following three areas:

26

Goal 4: Support air quality and climate

change response programmes,

including promoting & facilitating GHG

emission reduction

Reduce ozone depleting

substances & GHG emissions…

Vision: “Clean and

healthy air for all in the

Western Cape”

Western Cape AQMP the

SMART-air Programme

Source: WCG DEA&DP

Bavaria‘s Climate Policy

Reducing greenhouse gas

emissions

Adapting to the

consequences of climate

change

Supporting research and

development

1

2

3

Bavaria’s climate policy is based on

close cooperation among policy-makers,

the business community and society


RAC Sector: a significant contributor of GHG emissions | climate impact

all sectors globally: 3 830 Mt Year 2000

Source: www.green-cooling-initiative.org/ Edgar Timm, HEat GmbH 27


28Source: 1GCI 2014/ IEA 2012 (data both 2012); 2GCI 2014

Climate impact of refrigeration and air-conditioning


29

• Former US Secretary Kerry: “It is likely the single most

important step we could take at this moment to

limit the warming of our planet and limit the

warming for generations to come.”

• Objective: Reduction of 72 GT CO2eq until 2050

2016 Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol:

phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Source: Velders et al., 2016https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060074175 https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/environm

entalists-buoyant-kigali-amendment-enters-force

https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060074175

https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/environmentalists-buoyant-kigali-amendment-enters-force


Global Warming Potential (GWP)• developed to allow comparisons of the global

warming impacts of different gases.

• it is a measure of how much energy the emissions

of 1 ton of a gas will absorb over a given period of

time, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of carbon

dioxide (CO2).

• the larger the GWP, the more that a given gas

warms the Earth compared to CO2 over that time

period; the time period usually used for GWPs is 100

years.

Source: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/understanding-global-warming-potentials

Natural refrigerants

30

HCFC

Freon

R22

odourless

non-

flammable

GWP 1810

Refrigerant options and their climate impact

Hydro

carbons

ButaneR600

flammable

GWP 3

Carbon

Dioxide

R744

High pressure

GWP 2

Hydro

carbons

Propylene

R1270

flammable

GWP 1

Ammonia

R717low

flammability

material

compatibility

corrosion

GWP 0GWP 3

Hydro

carbons

PropaneR290

flammable

HFC

Freon

R134a

synthetic

non-

flammable

GWP 1430

Appliances with natural refrigerantswith same or better energy

efficiencies

https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/understanding-global-warming-potentials


Cooperation project on the transition to climate-friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Project TimeframeOct 2017 – Sep 2020

31

Source: AKS - Fotolia

Project Goals

• Support the reduction of HFC-based

emissions

• Dissemination of information and

knowledge about climate-friendly cooling

technologies

• Facilitate exchange and discussion

among experts and stakeholders

• Support the successful transition to

climate friendly cooling technologies

Facilitating Exchange and Dialog

Raising Aware-

ness

Capacity Building


Project activities – Cool Training “training the trainers“

32

GIZ Proklima 2 week “Cool Training“ course:

• 8 experts from South Africa trained at the

Vocational Training Center for Cooling

Technology Maintal, Frankfurt:

• safe application of natural refrigerants, e.g.

hydrocarbons and CO2

• refrigerant circuit pipes joining and

installation methods

• leak finding and tightness test activities etc.

• Visit companies in Bavaria that implement

cooling technologies with natural

refrigerants Fotos: LfU


Best Practice: CO2 Refrigeration in South Africa

33

Source: http://www.myschool.co.za/blog/431-woolworths-opens-its-greenest-store

Source:

https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/457/191687.htm

l

2010

http://www.myschool.co.za/blog/431-woolworths-opens-its-greenest-store

https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/457/191687.html


DEA&DP- Strategic Planning Session 25-26 July

34

• New technologies when

switching to climate-friendly

refrigerants to reduce

carbon emissions, hence GHGs & reporting

• Economic growth supported

by skills development & job

opportunities iro new

technologies to reduce

carbon emissions, managed in the AEL regulatory space

• Monitoring & reporting on air

quality in areas where

previous studies done(HHRA,

Brown Haze, KAPS) & suburban growth → sensors.

• RAC skills development

focuses on women & youth in

SMART-air Programme (s31 of

AQA)

▪ Better transport infrastructure

development reduce carbon

emissions / brown haze in our

cities. Track air quality

(carbon emissions) from

congestion / cars along our transport routes → sensors.

NATIONAL PRIORITIES| PROVINCIAL PRIORITIES | MANDATES – NEM:AQA |VULNERABLE GROUPS

• Disaster burden heaviest on

poor, women & children hence risk reduction benefits them most

• RAC Sector = jobs for women and youth

promoted,

• Economic

transformation and

job creation;

• Education, skills and

health;

• Consolidating the

social wage

through reliable

and quality basic

services;

• Spatial integration,

human settlements

and local

government;

• Social cohesion

and safe

communities;

• A capable, ethical

and

developmental

state and

• A better Africa and

World.


WESTERN CAPE - AIR POLLUTANTS OF CONCERN

• Notwithstanding that increased air pollutants and greenhouse gases has

been driving climate change, our data is showing us that climate

change is impacting on air quality!

• The Western Cape has experienced its worst drought ever during the

past two years!

• Stations recording elevated trends in PM10 levels, mostly attributed to

windblown dust and the occurrence of veld fires due to the severe

drought conditions experienced.

• Similarly, ozone levels are increasing in areas, likely the result of high

ambient temperatures, open fires and emission sources from vehicles.

• Levels of H2S remains a challenge in our areas.

• While air pollution remains a challenge independently, it is crucial to

note the strong link between air pollution and climate change.


CHALLENGES

• Budget constraints in the current economy SEVERELY impacting

our monitoring networks

• Security of monitoring stations and equipment

• Factors affecting data recovery and quality:o Aging infrastructure

o Unforeseen equipment breakdown and repair process often

takes long (SCM)

o Inconsistent power supply at some monitoring stations

o Communication problems, no mechanisms to remotely

access monitoring stations

• Portable and multi-parameter instruments are costly

• Time and cost of training in Air Quality is expensive


OPPORTUNITIES

• Increased intergovernmental involvement in monitoring station

management, via partnerships:

– Encouraging Municipalities to invest in air quality monitoring

equipment relevant to their requirements (Worcester / Bredasdorp /

Garden Route / Bergrivier)

– Install new Particulate Matter analysers at Worcester and George;

explore with DEFF

– Consider low-cost sensors to screen air quality in areas

– Partnerships: SAWS; D: Health

• Improve data logging and management through Air Quality

Management Software (Envidas, WRPlot)

• Improve security of monitoring stations through security fencing

installations in May 2019

• Secured Laboratory work space in revamped building

• Future station housing units (rental of container - saving on CAPEX)

• Free/Online training in Air Quality, where possible


Thank you

Tel: Fax:

www.westerncape.gov.za

Contact Us

Joy Leaner (PhD)

Directorate: Air Quality Management

+27 21 483 2888 +27 21 482 3254

[email protected]

Documents

AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES & INITIATIVES › assets › 2019_2.2... · 1 October 2019 | AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES & INITIATIVES: Dr Joy Leaner & Air Quality Officials