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Air Quality Management in the West
Presentation at the WESTAR and WRAP Spring Business Meeting
Tim O’Connor, EDF Climate and Energy Program
April 26, 2017
Organization of discussion
• Air Quality Concerns
• Existing regulatory frameworks
• Emerging regulations and legislation
• Questions for consideration going forward
Air Quality ConcernsState of the Air Report – Worst US Areas
Ozone Particle Pollution Short-Term Particles
#1: Los Angeles-Long
Beach, CA
#2: Bakersfield, CA
#3: Fresno-Madera, CA
#4: Visalia-Porterville-
Hanford, CA
#5: Phoenix-Mesa-
Scottsdale, AZ
#6: Modesto-Merced,
CA
#7: San Diego-
Carlsbad, CA
#8: Sacramento-
Roseville, CA
#10: Las Vegas-
Henderson, NV-AZ
#1: Visalia-Porterville-
Hanford, CA
#2: Bakersfield, CA
#3: Fresno-Madera, CA
#4: San Jose-San
Francisco-Oakland, CA
#5: Los Angeles-Long
Beach, CA
#6: Modesto-Merced,
CA
#7: El Centro, CA
#10: San Luis Obispo-
Paso Robles-Arroyo
Grande, CA
#1: Bakersfield, CA
#2: Fresno-Madera, CA
#2: Visalia-Porterville-
Hanford, CA
#4: Modesto-Merced,
CA
#6: San Jose-San
Francisco-Oakland, CA
#7: Salt Lake City-
Provo-Orem, UT
#9: Los Angeles-Long
Beach, CA
#10: Reno-Carson City-
Fernley, NV
The quality of environment is still harming California families – a lot of work to do
• Most counties in California are in non-attainment
for 8-hour ozone standard
• Similar results for PM10
standard
• More counties in attainment with PM2.5 standard
Air Quality Concerns
• Nearly 4 in 10 people (38.9 percent) in the United States live in counties that have unhealthful levels of either ozone or particle pollution…More than 125 million Americans in 204 counties
But, its not just criteria pollutants that need to be addressed…
…Toxic air contaminants
…Greenhouse Gases
- 3236 facilities in CARB emissions search tool
- 812 facilities in the CARB GHG reporting program
- Non-point source transportation remains largest
Emissions sources in CA
GHG by facility Air Toxics by facilityContribution of
transportation
# 1: Tesoro Refinery
# 2: Chevron Refinery
# 3: Shell Refinery
# 4: Chevron Refinery
# 5: Aera Energy
# 6: Chevron Oil Prod.
# 7: Valero Refinery
# 8: Mountainview Power
# 9: Berry Pet. Oil Prod.
# 10: La Paloma Power
Plant
# 1: Hixson Metal
# 2: Bowman Plating
# 3: Gerdau
# 4: Pacific Ship Rep.
# 5: SD Metro Pumping
# 6: Pacific Steel
# 7: Ellwood Onshore
# 8: Phillips 66 Refinery
# 9: Nat’l Steel and Ship
# 10: OC Waste & Rec.
Largest contributor to
smog-forming and diesel
PM emissions
• 80 % of NOx
• 50 % of GHGs
• 90 % of toxic diesel
PM
Existing regulatory frameworks
• Local pollution / point source req’s
– Local Air Quality regulatory requirements, implementation of federal permitting and federal source standards
– AB 2588 hot spots program (1987) and HRA’s
• Climate
– AB 32 (targets and scoping plan), SB 32 / AB 197
– SB 375 Regional GHG targets
– SB 1383 and SLCPs (methane and PM especially)
– Advanced clean cars
Existing regulatory frameworks
• Clean Energy
– SB 350 implementation and Integrated resource planning
– Energy agency efficiency standards
– Energy agency research, planning and siting
• Vehicles and transportation
– Integrated action plans of state and local actions
– 2016 mobile source strat. as included within SIP
Implementation of the Mobile Source Strategy
- Integrated Truck Strategy- Incentives, Introduce ZEVs,
demos and pilots ensure
engines remain clean,
establish cleaner engine
standards
- Innovative clean transit
- Passenger vehicles- Advanced clean cars 2.0 /
2026 and beyond standards
- Low Carbon Fuel
Development
- Regional plan integration- SCAQMD - AQMP
Emerging regulations and legislation
• New and improved pollution reduction programs for local sources
– Re-examined ports and good movements
– CARB 2017 scoping plan
– BAAQMD “Spare the Air, Cool the Earth” plan
– SCAQMD move beyond RECLAIM within the 2016 AQMD
– Enhanced EV deployment initiatives (VW settlement, AQMP)
• Climate and clean energy– Extending cap-and-trade
– Expansion of energy imbalance market and the energy grids
– Integration of electric and natural gas markets
– New resource adequacy requirements for utilities
The BIG questions…
• Whether the agencies, who have laid out ambitious plans for GHG and local pollution reduction, will actually achieve the level of ambition many want
– Transportation
– Ports
– Agriculture
– Clean energy
– Stationary sources (refineries)
• What new legislative requirements will be enacted
– Cap-and-trade extension
– 100% renewables
– Regional energy markets
The BIG questions…
• Whether energy agencies are willing to make a few fundamental changes to the way things work
– Cost-benefit analysis at the CPUC related to using societal cost tests vs. total resource cost tests
– Use of the social cost of carbon and methane
– Siting requirements at the CEC
– Gas and electric market instruments at CAISO
• How the federal government interacts with the states
