Air Quality Laboratory

St.Louis SupersiteSt.Louis SupersiteProject UpdateProject Update

Meg N.S. YuProfessor Jay R. Turner

Environmental Engineering ProgramWashington University in St. Louis

Sustainable Air QualityMonday Presentation

April 9, 2001

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Fine Particulate Matter Monitoring Strategy

PM2.5 Compliance Network(mass concentration)

PM2.5 Speciation Network

SupersitesProgram

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USEPA Fine Particulate Matter Supersites Program

Phase II

Phase IPhases I & II

Fresno

Los Angeles

Houston

Atlanta

Baltimore

New YorkPittsburgh

St. Louis

Air Quality Laboratory

St. Louis - Midwest Supersite Consortium

DRI / Univ. of Nevada- Judy Chow- John Watson

Electric Power Research Institute- Tina Bahadori(1)

- Alan Hansen

Univ. of Minnesota- Peter McMurry

Univ. of Wisconsin- Jamie Schauer

Harvard School of Public Health- Petros Koutrakis- George Allen

Univ. of Maryland- John Ondov

Washington Univ.- Jay Turner- Warren White- Ed Macias- Bret Schichtel(2)

Current Affiliations:(1) American Chemistry Council, Washington, DC(2) CIRA, Fort Collins, CO

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Supersite Monitoring Locations

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Supersite Locations and Mass/Speciation Sites

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East St. Louis Core Site

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N. St. Louis City (Margaretta) Site

•Urban Residential

•St. Louis Supersite Satellite Location – Will monitor ~4 wks of each quarter year

•Location of previous March-Midwest Study

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St. Louis - Midwest Supersite Collaborators

• Georgia Institute of Technology• U.S. EPA Region VII• Missouri Department of Natural Resources• Illinois Environmental Protection Agency• St. Louis City Air Pollution Control Program• St. Louis County Department of Health

• Siting Cooperation• Illinois Department of Transportation• City of St. Louis• Mineral Area College

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St. Louis Supersite Project Objectives

USEPA identified three overarching objectives which each Supersite must address. The following summarizes the

St. Louis Supersite approach to these objectives

(1) improved understanding of source-receptor relationships to support control strategy development– St. Louis is an urban island, broadly representative of the urban

Midwest(2) support health effects and exposure studies

– integration with three large health effects programs (nine separate studies)

(3) evaluation of emerging sampling methods– battery of advanced measurements for aerosol physical properties

and chemical composition– emphasis on methods with demonstrated or potential ability to

operate reliably for extended periods with limited attendance

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Aerosol Physical Properties (examples)• Near-Real Time Automated Measurements

– aerosol size distributions (5-min)… core

– aerosol integral moments (~1-sec)… core and satellite

• Number • Scattering• Electrical Charge

Assume PSD shape (e.g., lognormal)

other aerosol properties

(e.g., surface area)

0

1

2

3

4

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

Nano-SMPS

SMPS

OPC

OPC

OPC = optical particle counter

SMPS = scanning mobility particle spectrometer

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Aerosol Chemical Properties (examples)• Semi-continuous Automated Measurements (hourly or

better)

Sulfate Ammonium Nitrate Crustal EC OC MassSulfate 1 0.98 0.67 0.45 0.64 0.58 0.96Ammonium 1 0.66 0.44 0.61 0.56 0.94Nitrate 1 0.30 0.59 0.35 0.57Crustal 1 0.79 0.84 0.54EC 1 0.78 0.69OC 1 0.67

Study Average

Ammonium12.8%

Organic Carbon22.8%

Other17.9%

Crustal3.6%

Nitrate1.0%

Elem. Carbon7.4%

Sulfate34.6%

Sulfate

Ammonium

Nitrate

Crustal

Elem. Carbon

Organic Carbon

Other

-15

0

15

30

45

60

08/03/1999 08/10/1999 08/17/1999 08/24/1999 08/31/1999 09/07/1999

Circles denote measured species; also PM2.5 mass, and 15 elements retrospectively

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Example - Continuous Bulk Nitrate Aerosol Data from PILS-IC

Atlanta Supersite - August 1999

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Aerosol Physical/Chemical Properties (examples)

• Time-Integrated Substrate Methods…24-hour– PM1, PM2.5, PM10 mass

– PM2.5 speciation (ions, elements, EC/OC)

– PM2.5 organics speciation

– Coarse PM elements, EC/OC– Toxicological sampler (trichot)

• Also…– Precursor gases (e.g., NH3, H2SO4, HNO3)… 24-hour

– Volatile Organic Compounds… 24-hour– Criteria gases…5-min (IEPA)– Meteorology (WS, WD, RH, T, P, Solar Rad, Precip)

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Integration with Exposure & Health Effects Studies

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Integration with Exposure & Health Effects Studies

measurement of personal and indoor exposures H. Suh & P. Koutrakis (EPRI Exposure Studies)

cardiac vulnerability in potentially susceptible subjectsF. Speizer (NIEHS Program Project)

implantable defribrillators detected arrhythmiasD. Dockery (NIEHS Program Project)

conditions in elderly which predispose towards acute adverse effect of particulate exposure

J. Schwartz (EPA PM Center)

chronic effects of particulate exposureD. Dockery (EPA PM Center)

in vitro toxicity of St. Louis particulate matterL. Kobzik & P. Koutrakis (EPA PM Center)

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Core Site Status – as of March 18, 2001

Equipment installation starts next week; 3-4 week shakedown period…

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For More Information…Jay R. TurnerDepartment of Chemical EngineeringCampus Box 1198Washington University tel: 314-935-5480One Brookings Drive fax: 314-935-5464St. Louis, MO 63130 email: JRTURNER@SEAS.WUSTL.EDU

INTERNET SITESSt. Louis - Midwest Supersite

http://capita.wustl.edu/StLSuperSite/Washington University Air Quality Laboratory

follow link at:http://www.seas.wustl.edu/user/jrturner/

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