INDOOR AIR QUALITY

PRESENTED BYPRESENTED BY

KENNETH F. ROBERTS, CIH, CSPKENNETH F. ROBERTS, CIH, CSP

UNDERSTANDING IAQ

HEALTH EFFECTSHEALTH EFFECTS

CAUSATIVE AGENTSCAUSATIVE AGENTS

SOURCESSOURCES

CONTROL METHODOLOGIESCONTROL METHODOLOGIES

LEGISLATIONLEGISLATION

HEALTH EFFECTSHEALTH EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTS

SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)

VSVS

BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)

HEALTH EFFECTS

SICK BUILDING SYNDROMESICK BUILDING SYNDROME

A PERSISTENT SET OF SYMPTOMS IN > 20%A PERSISTENT SET OF SYMPTOMS IN > 20%

CAUSE(S) NOT RECOGNIZABLECAUSE(S) NOT RECOGNIZABLE

COMPLAINTS/SYMPTOMS RELIEVED AFTER COMPLAINTS/SYMPTOMS RELIEVED AFTER EXITING BUILDINGEXITING BUILDING

HEALTH EFFECTS

SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)

EYE, NOSE, OR THROAT IRRITATION EYE, NOSE, OR THROAT IRRITATION

HEADACHESHEADACHES

FATIGUEFATIGUE

REDUCED MENTATIONREDUCED MENTATION

IRRITABILITYIRRITABILITY

HEALTH EFFECTS

SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)

DRY SKINDRY SKIN

NASAL CONGESTIONNASAL CONGESTION

DIFFICULTY BREATHINGDIFFICULTY BREATHING

NOSE BLEEDSNOSE BLEEDS

NAUSEANAUSEA

HEALTH EFFECTS

BUILDING RELATED ILLNESSBUILDING RELATED ILLNESS

CLINICALLY RECOGNIZED DISEASECLINICALLY RECOGNIZED DISEASE

EXPOSURE TO INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTSEXPOSURE TO INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS

RECOGNIZABLE CAUSESRECOGNIZABLE CAUSES

HEALTH EFFECTS

BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)

PONTIAC FEVER - LEGIONELLA spp.PONTIAC FEVER - LEGIONELLA spp.

LEGIONNAIRE’S DISEASELEGIONNAIRE’S DISEASE

HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITISHYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS

HUMIDIFIER FEVERHUMIDIFIER FEVER

HEALTH EFFECTS

BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)

ASTHMAASTHMA

ALLERGYALLERGY

RESPIRATORY DISEASERESPIRATORY DISEASECHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

(COPD)(COPD)

CAUSATIVE AGENTSCAUSATIVE AGENTS

CAUSATIVE AGENTS

INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT TYPESINDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT TYPES

COMBUSTION PRODUCTSCOMBUSTION PRODUCTSVOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURESVOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURESRESPIRABLE PARTICULATESRESPIRABLE PARTICULATESRESPIRATORY PRODUCTSRESPIRATORY PRODUCTSBIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLSBIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLSRADIONUCLIDESRADIONUCLIDESODORSODORS

CAUSATIVE AGENTS

COMBUSTION PRODUCTSCOMBUSTION PRODUCTS

CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NOOXIDES OF NITROGEN (NOXX))

OXIDES OF SULFUR (SOOXIDES OF SULFUR (SOXX))

CARBON DIOXIDE (COCARBON DIOXIDE (CO22))

POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBON’S (PAH)POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBON’S (PAH)

TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTSTOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS

CAUSATIVE AGENTS

VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALSVOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS

ALCOHOLS - ISOPROPANOLALCOHOLS - ISOPROPANOL

ALDEHYDES - FORMALDEHYDEALDEHYDES - FORMALDEHYDE

ALIPHATICS - CYCLOHEXANEALIPHATICS - CYCLOHEXANE

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - 4PCAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - 4PC

ESTERS - ETHYL ACETATEESTERS - ETHYL ACETATE

HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS - TCEHALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS - TCE

CAUSATIVE AGENTS

RESPIRABLE PARTICULATESRESPIRABLE PARTICULATES

ASBESTOSASBESTOSCHRYSOTILECHRYSOTILEAMOSITEAMOSITECROCIDOLITECROCIDOLITE

FIBERGLASSFIBERGLASS

INORGANIC DUSTS (MINERAL)INORGANIC DUSTS (MINERAL)

CAUSATIVE AGENTS

RESPIRABLE PARTICULATESRESPIRABLE PARTICULATES

METALLIC DUSTSMETALLIC DUSTSLEADLEAD

ORGANIC DUSTSORGANIC DUSTS

PAPER DUSTSPAPER DUSTS

POLLENPOLLEN

CAUSATIVE AGENTS

RESPIRATORY PRODUCTSRESPIRATORY PRODUCTS

WATER VAPORWATER VAPOR

CARBON DIOXIDE (COCARBON DIOXIDE (CO22))

ETIOLOGICAL AGENTSETIOLOGICAL AGENTS

TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTSTOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS

CAUSATIVE AGENTS

BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLSBIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS

MOLDS & FUNGIMOLDS & FUNGI

BACTERIABACTERIA

PROTOZOAPROTOZOA

VIRUSESVIRUSES

CAUSATIVE AGENTS

RADIONUCLIDESRADIONUCLIDES

RADONRADON

RADON PROGENY (DAUGHTERS)RADON PROGENY (DAUGHTERS)

CAUSATIVE AGENTS

ODORSODORS

ODORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANY INDOOR AIR ODORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANY INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT TYPECONTAMINANT TYPE

INDEPENDENTLYINDEPENDENTLY

IN COMBINATIONIN COMBINATION

SOURCESSOURCES

SOURCES

COMBUSTION PRODUCTSCOMBUSTION PRODUCTS

KEROSENE HEATERSKEROSENE HEATERS

LOADING DOCKSLOADING DOCKS

WOOD STOVES/UNVENTED GAS STOVESWOOD STOVES/UNVENTED GAS STOVES

NEARBY TRAFFICNEARBY TRAFFIC

SOURCES

VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURESVOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES

ADHESIVES & CAULKING COMPOUNDSADHESIVES & CAULKING COMPOUNDS

CARPETING & DRAPERYCARPETING & DRAPERY

PARTICLE BOARDPARTICLE BOARD

SOURCES

VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURESVOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES

FLOOR & WALL COVERINGSFLOOR & WALL COVERINGS

PAINTS, VARNISHES AND STAINSPAINTS, VARNISHES AND STAINS

UPHOLSTERYUPHOLSTERY

SOURCES

RESPIRABLE PARTICULATESRESPIRABLE PARTICULATES

ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS)ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS)

CONSTRUCTION DEBRISCONSTRUCTION DEBRIS

OUTDOOR AIROUTDOOR AIR

PLANTS & PLANT PARTSPLANTS & PLANT PARTS

PRODUCTION PROCESSESPRODUCTION PROCESSES

SOURCES

PARTICULATE PHASE OF CIGARETTE PARTICULATE PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKESMOKE

4-AMINOBIPHENYL4-AMINOBIPHENYL NICKELNICKELANATABINEANATABINE NICOTINENICOTINEANILINEANILINE PHENOLPHENOLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENEBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE POLONIUM-210POLONIUM-210BENZ[A]PYRENEBENZ[A]PYRENE QUINOLINEQUINOLINEBENZOIC ACIDBENZOIC ACID SUCCINIC ACIDSUCCINIC ACIDBUTYROLACTONEBUTYROLACTONE 2-TOLUIDINE2-TOLUIDINENITROSODIETHANOLAMINENITROSODIETHANOLAMINE CADMIUMCADMIUM

SOURCES

VAPOR PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKEVAPOR PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE

HYDROGEN CYANIDEHYDROGEN CYANIDE ACETALDEHYDEACETALDEHYDEACETONEACETONE ACROLEINACROLEIN1,3-BUTADIENE1,3-BUTADIENE BENZENEBENZENECARBON MONOXIDECARBON MONOXIDE FORMALDEHYDEFORMALDEHYDEDIMETHYLAMINEDIMETHYLAMINE HYDRAZINEHYDRAZINECARBONYL SULFIDECARBONYL SULFIDE ETHANEETHANEMETHYL CHLORIDEMETHYL CHLORIDE PYRIDINEPYRIDINEAMMONIAAMMONIA FORMIC ACIDFORMIC ACID

SOURCES

RESPIRATORY PRODUCTSRESPIRATORY PRODUCTS

PEOPLEPEOPLE

PLANTSPLANTS

SOURCES

BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLSBIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS

HVAC SYSTEMSHVAC SYSTEMS

COOLING TOWERSCOOLING TOWERS

HUMANS/ANIMALSHUMANS/ANIMALS

STAGNANT WATER RESERVOIRSSTAGNANT WATER RESERVOIRS

HUMIDIFIERSHUMIDIFIERS

SOURCES

RADIONUCLIDES (RADON - RADIONUCLIDES (RADON - 222222Rn)Rn)

SOILSOIL

WATERWATER

BUILDING MATERIALSBUILDING MATERIALS

NATURAL GASNATURAL GAS

CONTROL CONTROL METHODOLOGIESMETHODOLOGIES

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

PREVENTING IAQ PROBLEMSPREVENTING IAQ PROBLEMS

SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDINGSOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDINGEQUIPMENTEQUIPMENTHUMAN ACTIVITIESHUMAN ACTIVITIESBUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGSBUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGSOTHER SOURCESOTHER SOURCESVENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDSVENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDSOTHER CONSIDERATIONSOTHER CONSIDERATIONS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDINGSOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING

CONTAMINATED OUTDOOR AIRCONTAMINATED OUTDOOR AIR

POLLEN, DUST, FUNGIPOLLEN, DUST, FUNGI

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTSINDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS

GENERAL VEHICLE EXHAUSTGENERAL VEHICLE EXHAUST

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDINGSOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING

EMISSIONS FROM NEARBY SOURCESEMISSIONS FROM NEARBY SOURCES

PARKING LOTS/GARAGESPARKING LOTS/GARAGES

LOADING DOCKS/DUMPSTERSLOADING DOCKS/DUMPSTERS

RE-ENTRAINED BUILDING EXHAUSTRE-ENTRAINED BUILDING EXHAUST

LOCATION OF SUPPLY INTAKESLOCATION OF SUPPLY INTAKES

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDINGSOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING

SOIL GASSOIL GAS

RADONRADON

UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LEAKING)UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LEAKING)

LANDFILLLANDFILL

PESTICIDE APPLICATIONPESTICIDE APPLICATION

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDINGSOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING

STANDING WATERSTANDING WATER

ROOFTOPSROOFTOPS

CRAWLSPACESCRAWLSPACES

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

HVAC SYSTEMHVAC SYSTEM

DUST/DIRT/GROWTH IN DUCTSDUST/DIRT/GROWTH IN DUCTS

GROWTH IN DRIP PANSGROWTH IN DRIP PANS

IMPROPER USE OF BIOCIDESIMPROPER USE OF BIOCIDES

IMPROPER VENTINGIMPROPER VENTING

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

NON-HVAC EQUIPMENTNON-HVAC EQUIPMENT

EMISSIONS FROM OFFICE EQUIPMENTEMISSIONS FROM OFFICE EQUIPMENT

SUPPLIES (SOLVENTS, TONERS, ETC.)SUPPLIES (SOLVENTS, TONERS, ETC.)

EMISSIONS FROM LABS, CLEANINGEMISSIONS FROM LABS, CLEANING

OTHER MECHANICAL SYSTEMSOTHER MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

HUMAN ACTIVITIESHUMAN ACTIVITIES

PERSONAL ACTIVIITESPERSONAL ACTIVIITES

SMOKINGSMOKING

COOKINGCOOKING

PERSONAL HYGIENE (BODY ODORS)PERSONAL HYGIENE (BODY ODORS)

COSMETIC ODORSCOSMETIC ODORS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

HUMAN ACTIVITIESHUMAN ACTIVITIES

HOUSEKEEPING ACTIVIITESHOUSEKEEPING ACTIVIITES

CLEANING MATERIALSCLEANING MATERIALS

CLEANING PROCEDURESCLEANING PROCEDURES

STORED SUPPLIES & TRASHSTORED SUPPLIES & TRASH

DEODORIZERS & FRAGRANCESDEODORIZERS & FRAGRANCES

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

HUMAN ACTIVITIESHUMAN ACTIVITIES

MAINTENANCE ACTIVIITESMAINTENANCE ACTIVIITES

COOLING TOWERSCOOLING TOWERS

PAINTS, CAULKS, ETC.PAINTS, CAULKS, ETC.

PEST CONTROLPEST CONTROL

STORED SUPPLIESSTORED SUPPLIES

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

BUILDING COMPONENTS & BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGSFURNISHINGS

LOCATIONS THAT COLLECT DUSTLOCATIONS THAT COLLECT DUST

DAMAGED MATERIALSDAMAGED MATERIALS

UNSANITARY CONDITIONSUNSANITARY CONDITIONS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

BUILDING COMPONENTS & BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGSFURNISHINGS

WATER DAMAGEWATER DAMAGE

DRY TRAPS - SEWER GASDRY TRAPS - SEWER GAS

CHEMICAL RELEASE OR OFF-GASINGCHEMICAL RELEASE OR OFF-GASING

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

OTHER SOURCESOTHER SOURCES

ACCIDENTAL EVENTSACCIDENTAL EVENTS

SPILLSSPILLS

FLOODINGFLOODING

FIRE DAMAGE (PCB’S)FIRE DAMAGE (PCB’S)

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

OTHER SOURCESOTHER SOURCES

SPECIAL USE AREASSPECIAL USE AREAS

SMOKING LOUNGESSMOKING LOUNGES

LABORATORIESLABORATORIES

PRINT SHOPSPRINT SHOPS

ART ROOMS - GRAPHIC DESIGNART ROOMS - GRAPHIC DESIGN

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

OTHER SOURCESOTHER SOURCES

SPECIAL USE AREASSPECIAL USE AREAS

EXERCISE ROOMSEXERCISE ROOMS

BEAUTY SALONSBEAUTY SALONS

FOOD PREPARATION AREASFOOD PREPARATION AREAS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

OTHER SOURCESOTHER SOURCES

REDECORATING/REMODELING/REPAIRREDECORATING/REMODELING/REPAIR

NEW FURNISHINGSNEW FURNISHINGS

DUST & FIBERS FROM DEMOLITIONDUST & FIBERS FROM DEMOLITION

ODORS & VOC’S (PAINT, ETC.)ODORS & VOC’S (PAINT, ETC.)

MICROBIOLOGICALS FROM DEMOLITIONMICROBIOLOGICALS FROM DEMOLITION

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDSNEEDS

ASHRAE STANDARDS (ASHRAE 62-1989)ASHRAE STANDARDS (ASHRAE 62-1989)

TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE

RELATIVE HUMIDITYRELATIVE HUMIDITY

MINIMUM OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTSMINIMUM OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTS

COCO22 LEVELS BELOW 1000 PPM LEVELS BELOW 1000 PPM

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDSNEEDS

ENGINEERING CONTROLSENGINEERING CONTROLS

MODIFY VENTILATION SYSTEMMODIFY VENTILATION SYSTEM

MODIFY PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPSMODIFY PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPS

FILTERSFILTERS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDSNEEDS

ENGINEERING CONTROLSENGINEERING CONTROLS

PRECIPITATORSPRECIPITATORS

ION GENERATORSION GENERATORS

HUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMSHUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

OTHER CONSIDERATIONSOTHER CONSIDERATIONS

POPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION DENSITY

LIGHTINGLIGHTING

NOISENOISE

ERGONOMICSERGONOMICS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

OTHER CONSIDERATIONSOTHER CONSIDERATIONS

MANAGEMENT STYLESMANAGEMENT STYLES

MONITORED WORK STATIONSMONITORED WORK STATIONS

RE-ENTRY CRITERIARE-ENTRY CRITERIA

NO NEWS IS GOOD NEWSNO NEWS IS GOOD NEWS

LEGISLATIONLEGISLATION

LEGISLATION

OSHA IAQ STANDARDOSHA IAQ STANDARD

LEGISLATION PENDINGLEGISLATION PENDING

AFL-CIO PETITIONED OSHAAFL-CIO PETITIONED OSHA

14 AFFILIATED UNIONS HAVE PETITIONS 14 AFFILIATED UNIONS HAVE PETITIONS PENDINGPENDING

LEGISLATION

NEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARDNEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARD

SPECIFIC TEMPERATURESSPECIFIC TEMPERATURES

68 - 74.5 68 - 74.5 OOF WINTERF WINTER73 - 79 73 - 79 OOF SUMMERF SUMMER

30 - 60% RELATIVE HUMIDITY30 - 60% RELATIVE HUMIDITY

20 CFM OUTSIDE AIR/PERSON20 CFM OUTSIDE AIR/PERSON

LEGISLATION

NEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARDNEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARD

SMOKING ROOM AIR ON SEPARATE SYSTEMSMOKING ROOM AIR ON SEPARATE SYSTEM

RENOVATION - ISOLATEDRENOVATION - ISOLATED

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULESPREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES

HVAC SYSTEMHVAC SYSTEM

RECORD KEEPING - VENTILATION SYSTEM RECORD KEEPING - VENTILATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE

EPA “SICK BUILDING” SUIT

WATERSIDE MALL BUILDING WATERSIDE MALL BUILDING

EPA HEADQUARTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C.EPA HEADQUARTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C.

19 EMPLOYEES 19 EMPLOYEES

THE ENDTHE END