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Air Quality Beyond Air Quality Beyond Ozone and PM2.5Ozone and PM2.5
Sheila HolmanNorth Carolina Division of Air Quality6th Annual Unifour Air Quality ConferenceJune 15, 2012
Topics to be coveredTopics to be coveredCurrent Status for all Criteria Pollutants in North Carolina
Air ToxicsMercury TMDLGreenhouse GasesHydraulic Fracturing
Current Schedule for NAAQSCurrent Schedule for NAAQS3
Recent Changes
NO2 Primary
SO2 Primary
NOx/SOxSecondary
CO
Latest Standard
2010 2010 2012 2011
Next Revisions
Lead Ozone PM2.5
Latest Standard
2008 2008 2006
Next Review 2014 2014 2012
Duke and Progress Energy SO2 Duke and Progress Energy SO2 EmissionsEmissions
Note: Final 2013 SO2 reduction goal in Clean Smokestacks Act is 130,000 tons
Duke and Progress Energy NOx Duke and Progress Energy NOx EmissionsEmissions
Note: Final NOx reduction goal in Clean Smokestacks Act is 2009
Lead StandardLead Standard
On November 12, 2008, EPA strengthened the NAAQS for lead to 0.15 μg/m3 ◦ This was a 90% reduction in the level
of the previous standard of 1.5 μg/m3
EPA has changed the lead monitoring network requirements to ensure monitors are assessing air quality in areas that might violate the new standard.
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Lead StandardLead StandardEPA designated areas in
November 2011, with an effective date of Dec. 31, 2011◦ All of NC was designated
unclassifiable/attainment
Do not expect any impact on North Carolina’s current industry◦ Sources that emit ≥ 0.5 tons/year in
the future may have to monitor for lead.
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Nitrogen Dioxide (NONitrogen Dioxide (NO22) ) StandardsStandards
Primary Standard strengthened on January 22, 2010◦New 1-hour NO2 standard at 100 parts per billion (ppb); and
◦Retained the annual average NO2 standard of 53 ppb
Secondary Standard retained on March 21, 2012◦53 ppb annual average
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NONO22 Primary Standard Primary Standard
EPA designated areas in Feb. 2012, with effective date of Feb. 29, 2012◦All areas in NC designated unclassifiable/attainment at the township level
There may be another round of designations once there are 3 years of data from road-side monitors
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Sulfur Dioxide (SOSulfur Dioxide (SO22) ) StandardsStandards
Primary standard strengthened on June 2, 2010◦New 1-hour SO2 standard of 75 ppb
◦Revoked existing annual and 24-hour primary SO2 standards for areas currently attaining these standards
Secondary standard retained on March 21, 2012◦500 ppb averaged over 3 hours
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SOSO22 Primary Standard Primary StandardCurrent SO2 design values
CountyDesign Values
2008-2010 2009-2011
Beaufort 33 ppb 27 ppb
Forsyth 37 ppb 14 ppb
Mecklenburg 61 ppb 20 ppb
New Hanover 107 ppb 89 ppb
Wake 17 ppb 14 ppb
SOSO22 Primary Standard Primary Standard
NC recommendation submitted June 2011◦Requested a deferral until the end of 2012
◦If deferral not granted then recommended a small area in New Hanover County be designated nonattainment
SOSO22 Primary Standard Primary Standard
SOSO22 Primary Standard Primary StandardDesignations on existing monitors was expected to be in June 2012◦April 2012 Letter from Assistant Administrator to Commissioners EPA to proceed with designations based
on existing data EPA is re-thinking the implementation
strategy Held stakeholder meetings in late
May/early June Comment deadline June 22, 2012
1997 Ozone Standard1997 Ozone StandardAll areas in North Carolina are attaining the 1997 standard◦NCDAQ submitted a redesignation request for the Charlotte/Gastonia region in November 2011
◦Redesignation being held up until Reasonable Available Control Technology (RACT) rule revised
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2008 Ozone Standard2008 Ozone StandardPrimary and Secondary standards set at 75 ppb◦Was under reconsideration, so implementation was delayed
◦Sept. 2011 it was decided not to reconsider the standard
EPA gave states the opportunity to revise their boundary recommendations that were submitted in 2009
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2008 Ozone Standard2008 Ozone StandardOnly the Charlotte-Gastonia-Salisbury area violating the standard
Revised boundary recommendation submitted February 29, 2012
EPA announced final boundaries in late April 2012.
2008 Ozone Standard2008 Ozone Standard
CO StandardCO StandardAugust 2011 EPA retained the existing CO NAAQS◦1-hour standard of 35 ppm ◦8-hour standard of 9 ppm.
NC has been attaining both standards since 1991
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PMPM2.52.5 Standards Standards
Existing Standards◦1997 Annual standard 15 μg/m3◦2006 24-hour standard 35 μg/m3
NC attaining both standards◦Both the Hickory & Triad areas were redesignated to attainment/ maintenance effective December 2011
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PMPM2.52.5 Standard StandardStandards being reviewed
◦ Proposal signed June 14, 2012◦ Expect final standard by December
14, 2012
Final Risk Assessment released March 2010◦ Considers revising annual standard
between 10 – 13 μg/m3
◦ Considers revising daily standard between 25 – 35 μg/m3
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PMPM2.52.5 Standards Standards
Based on 2009-2011 data◦Daily standard design values
All below 25 μg/m3
◦Annual standard design values Highest value is 11.2 μg/m3
Designations will be based on either 2011-2013 or 2012-2014 data
2009-2011 Annual PM2009-2011 Annual PM2.52.5 Design ValuesDesign Values
Air ToxicsAir ToxicsAir Toxics Draft Legislation–
Exemption of federally covered emission sources
Authorizes DENR to require a federally regulated source or facility to meet the requirements of the state air toxics program if DENR makes a written finding that a source or facility presents or will present an unacceptable risk to human health
DAQ to Study Rules
Mercury TMDL Background Mercury TMDL Background InformationInformationDWQ is working to establish a
statewide Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for mercury
DWQ determined that 98% of mercury in North Carolina waters comes from atmospheric deposition.
DAQ performed air quality modeling to determine what percent of the mercury deposition in North Carolina comes from North Carolina air emission sources
12-KM Modeling Domain12-KM Modeling Domain
Air Quality Modeling Air Quality Modeling ResultsResultsZero out run indicated ~16% of the mercury deposition in North Carolina is coming from air emission sources in North Carolina
Clean boundary conditions indicate that 70% of the mercury deposition in North Carolina comes from outside of the 12-km modeling domain
Expected Expected Reductions in NC’s Reductions in NC’s Mercury Mercury air Emissionsair Emissions
Source Type
2002 lbs/year
2010 lbs/year
2016* lbs/year
2003-2016 Reduction
Electric Generating
3,500 963 700 80%
Other Point 1,800 881 800 56%
Total 5,300 1,844 1,500 72%
Expected Reductions in North Carolina’s Total Mercury Air Emissions
Source Type
2002 lbs/year
2010 lbs/year
2016* lbs/year
2003-2016 Reduction
Electric Generating
1,645 655 125 92%
Other Point 1,050 440 400 62%
Total 2,695 1,095 525 81%
Expected Reductions in Deposition-Prone Mercury Air Emissions
Greenhouse GasesGreenhouse GasesOn February 28th and 29th, 2012, the U.S. Court of Appeals - D.C. Circuit heard oral arguments in legal challenges to EPA's Endangerment Finding and GHG regulations issued under the Clean Air Act for passenger vehicles and CAA permitting for stationary sources
Decision expected in next few weeks
Hydraulic FracturingHydraulic FracturingStudy complete in MayLegislation to legalize hydraulic fracturing in NC under consideration in the short session
Air Quality Concerns◦Impact on Ozone, PM2.5 and NO2
◦Air Toxics issues
QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?
Sheila HolmanDirectorDepartment of Environment and Natural ResourcesDivision of Air Quality
[email protected](919) 707-8730
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