Air MonitoringAir Monitoring

Presented By: Etech Environmental & Safety Solutions, Inc.Presented By: Etech Environmental & Safety Solutions, Inc.

Field Air Monitoring Field Air Monitoring InstrumentsInstruments Collection of “Real Time” data to aid Collection of “Real Time” data to aid

in the decisions concerningin the decisions concerning

– Hazards & Risks to Public & PersonnelHazards & Risks to Public & Personnel

– Selection of Personal Protective Selection of Personal Protective EquipmentEquipment

– Site Work ZonesSite Work Zones

– Effects on EnvironmentEffects on Environment

– Mitigative ActionsMitigative Actions

Field InstrumentsField InstrumentsDesired CharacteristicsDesired Characteristics Portable & RuggedPortable & Rugged

Easy to OperateEasy to Operate

Inherently SafeInherently Safe

Reliable & Useful ResultsReliable & Useful Results

Reliable & Useful Reliable & Useful ResultsResults Response TimeResponse Time

SensitivitySensitivity

SelectivitySelectivity

AccuracyAccuracy

PrecisionPrecision

Hazardous Hazardous Atmospheres (NEC)Atmospheres (NEC) Concentration between the Lower Concentration between the Lower

Explosive Limit and Upper Explosive Limit and Upper Explosive Limit (LEL – UEL)Explosive Limit (LEL – UEL)

Presence of an Ignition SourcePresence of an Ignition Source

Exothermic ReactionExothermic Reaction

DefinitionsDefinitions

Intrinsically SafeIntrinsically Safe - Designed so that parts - Designed so that parts are not exposed to explosive atmosphere are not exposed to explosive atmosphere or, if so, there is insufficient energy for or, if so, there is insufficient energy for ignitionignition

Explosion ProofExplosion Proof – Designed to contain an – Designed to contain an explosion and cool gases to prevent explosion and cool gases to prevent spreadspread

Purged SystemPurged System – Inert gas filled system; – Inert gas filled system; positive pressure to prevent explosive positive pressure to prevent explosive gases or vapors from enteringgases or vapors from entering

Instrument Protection Instrument Protection CriteriaCriteria Class I, Division 1, Group A,B,C, & DClass I, Division 1, Group A,B,C, & D

– Intrinsically SafeIntrinsically Safe– Explosion-ProofExplosion-Proof– Purged SystemPurged System

Class I, Division 2, Groups A,B,C, & DClass I, Division 2, Groups A,B,C, & D– Non-IncendiveNon-Incendive

Class II, Division 1 & 2, Groups E,FD, & GClass II, Division 1 & 2, Groups E,FD, & G– Dust-Ignition ProofDust-Ignition Proof

Typical Instruments Typical Instruments UsedUsed Oxygen IndicatorsOxygen Indicators

Combustible Gas IndicatorsCombustible Gas Indicators

Toxic Atmosphere MonitorsToxic Atmosphere Monitors

Radiation Survey MetersRadiation Survey Meters

Oxygen IndicatorsOxygen Indicators

Exterior SensorExterior Sensor

Interior SensorInterior Sensor– Manual PumpManual Pump– Automatic PumpAutomatic Pump

Combination Combination UnitsUnits

Oxygen Indicators Oxygen Indicators (cont.)(cont.) Limitations & PrecautionsLimitations & Precautions

– Atmospheric Pressure (Altitude)Atmospheric Pressure (Altitude)

– Interfering GasesInterfering Gases

– Operating TemperatureOperating Temperature

Combustible Gas Combustible Gas IndicatorsIndicators Manual vs. Manual vs.

AutomaticAutomatic

Super-Sensitive Super-Sensitive UnitUnit

Combination Combination Units (CGI-OUnits (CGI-O22))

Combustible Gas Combustible Gas Indicators (cont.)Indicators (cont.) Limitations & PrecautionsLimitations & Precautions

– TemperatureTemperature

– Oxygen RequirementsOxygen Requirements

– Interfering GasesInterfering Gases LeadLead SulphurSulphur SiliconeSilicone Hydrogen ChlorideHydrogen Chloride Hydrogen FluorideHydrogen Fluoride

– Relative ResponseRelative Response

Combustible Gas Combustible Gas Indicators (cont.)Indicators (cont.)

Always monitor for Oxygen levels Always monitor for Oxygen levels before checking for combustible before checking for combustible

gasesgases

Toxic Atmosphere Toxic Atmosphere MonitorsMonitors Detector Tube SystemsDetector Tube Systems

Specific AgentSpecific Agent– HH22SS

– COCO

Total Vapor AnalyzersTotal Vapor Analyzers– Photoionization Detectors (PIDs)Photoionization Detectors (PIDs)– Flameionization Detectors (FIDs)Flameionization Detectors (FIDs)

Detector Tube SystemsDetector Tube Systems

PumpPump– BellowsBellows– PistonPiston

TubesTubes– Specific ChemicalsSpecific Chemicals– General ChemicalsGeneral Chemicals– Concentration Concentration

RangesRanges

Detector Tube SystemsDetector Tube Systems (cont.) (cont.)

Limitations & PrecautionsLimitations & Precautions– AccuracyAccuracy– Temperature, Humidity, PressureTemperature, Humidity, Pressure– Expiration DateExpiration Date– Lot NumbersLot Numbers– Color Change EndpointColor Change Endpoint– Pump Strokes, VolumePump Strokes, Volume– InterferencesInterferences– ReusableReusable

Toxic Vapor AnalyzersToxic Vapor AnalyzersPIDsPIDs UsesUses

– Analyze for a Analyze for a broad range of broad range of contaminantscontaminants

– Can be calibrated Can be calibrated to analyze for to analyze for specific specific chemicalschemicals

– SensitivitySensitivity

Toxic Vapor AnalyzersToxic Vapor AnalyzersPIDs (cont.)PIDs (cont.)

ConsiderationsConsiderations– Lamp Energy & Chemical IPLamp Energy & Chemical IP– Dust & HumidityDust & Humidity– High MethaneHigh Methane– Electromagnetic RadiationElectromagnetic Radiation– Lamp AgingLamp Aging– Relative ResponseRelative Response– High ConcentrationsHigh Concentrations

Toxic Vapor AnalyzersToxic Vapor AnalyzersFIDsFIDs

UsesUses

– Accuracy to Accuracy to specific specific hydrocarbonshydrocarbons

– Data is usually Data is usually very accuratevery accurate

Toxic Vapor AnalyzersToxic Vapor AnalyzersFIDs (cont.)FIDs (cont.) ConsiderationsConsiderations

– Detects only organicsDetects only organics

– Sensitive to methaneSensitive to methane

– Relative responseRelative response

– Hydrogen gas neededHydrogen gas needed

– Electromagnetic RadiationElectromagnetic Radiation

Toxic Vapor AnalyzersToxic Vapor AnalyzersChemical SpecificChemical Specific UsesUses

– Good for personal Good for personal monitors in monitors in known known atmospheresatmospheres

– AccuracyAccuracy

Toxic Vapor AnalyzersToxic Vapor AnalyzersChemical Specific Chemical Specific (cont.)(cont.) ConsiderationsConsiderations

– Sensor WearSensor Wear

– Dust & HumidityDust & Humidity

– UnknownsUnknowns

– CalibrationCalibration

– Electromagnetic RadiationElectromagnetic Radiation