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Air-Fuel Ratio Control in Spark-Ignition Engines
Presented to: Dr. Riadh Habash, Fouad F. KhalilPresented by: Ziad El Kayal, Hassan Fakih Umar Qureshi, Marc Topalian
How it Works Air and the fuel enter
the carburetor, then through the engine and finally past a senor
Using a sensor to measure the oxygen content of the engine's exhaust, the system keeps the fuel-air ratio very close to the proportion for chemically perfect combustion
References
“Air-Fuel Ratio Control in Spark-Ignition Engines Using Estimation Theory” Chen-Fang Chang, Nicholas P. Fekete, Alois Amstutz, and J. David Powell
“Development of a Transient Air Fuel Controller for an Internal Combustion Engine” Stewart P. Prince
“Digital Control of an Automobile Engine Air-Fuel Ratio System” Martin J. Dubois, Robert P. Van Til, Nicholas G. Zorka
“Individual Cylinder Air-Fuel Ratio Control with a Single EGO Sensor” Jessy W. Grizzle, Kelvin L. Dobbins, and Jeffrey A. Cook
“Design and Development of an ECU and its Air-Fuel Ratio Control Scheme” Myomgho Sunwoo, Hansub Sim and Kangyune Lee
Requirements
The controller must keep a fuel to air ratio of 1:14.7 (0.068)
The overshoot at the output must not be greater than 16%.
The settling time must be less than or equal to 10 seconds.
Required Characteristic Equation From the IEEE article, the maximum overshoot
required is 16% and the maximum settling time was 10 seconds.
Required Characteristic Equation: s2 + 2wnζs + 2wn
Through calculation we found ζ (damping factor) = 0.5 wn=0.8 rad/s
Therefore, set s equal to zero and find the poles, using the quadratic equation: s1=-0.4 + 0.4√3 i s2=-0.4 - 0.4√3 i
Open Loop Transfer Function
We needed to find a transfer function we could use to plot a root locus diagram
We found the open loop transfer function of our block diagram to get the following formula
(0.5t2Td + 0.5t1Td)s + Td
T1t2s2 + (t1 + t2)s + 1
Using constants from IEEE references we were able to plot the following root locus diagram The diagram allowed us to find the roots and poles of the transfer
function
From the diagram we were able to design the lead compensator
Root Locust Diagram
Design of Lead Compensator
Required Formula
Gc(s)= (s+z) / (s+p)
The zero is found from the previous calculations, z = 0.4 Use Root Locus method to find the value of the pole.
Draw straight lines from s1 to all the poles and zeros found on the root locus No need to use s2 because it is just a complex conjugate Find the angle at which the pole is located
∂1= 177 degrees∂2= 50 degrees)∂3= 5 degrees)∂4= 1 degree∂ = 19 degrees
Using +∂ -∂1 -∂2 -∂3 -∂4 -∂d=-180 degrees ∂d=65 degrees
Using this we were able to find the pole which we used to design our lead compensator
Gc(s)= (s+0.4) / (s+0.6)
Open Loop Transfer Function Diagram
Closed Loop Transfer Function Diagram
Simulink Design
Simulink Closed Loop Transfer Function Diagram
Conclusion
Through research, we were able to design a controller to regulate the fuel to air ration in a spark-ignition engine with an overshoot of 11% and a settling time of 10 seconds.
We were able to accomplish the emission standards by adjusting the fuel to air ratio required by the IEEE paper.