aip si]n&> hi(d

aip si]n&> hi(d<k Avigt C[.

https://edusafar.com 1

al>kir� aY< :

� al>kir S¾d alm` + kZ Fit& prY) bn[li[ C[.

https://edusafar.com

� al>kir S¾d alm` + kZ Fit& prY) bn[li[ C[.

� al>kirni[ S¾dS: aY< Yiy C[ - aiB*PN aYvi Gr[N&>

� j[ni vD[ si(hRykZ(t Si[B) uq[ t[n[ al>kir kh[ C[.

�al>kirn[ a>g\[Jmi> “Figure of speech” kh[ C[.

2

al>kirni p\kir


S¾dil>kir� aY< :

“ j[mi> S¾di[ k[ vNi[<n[ aiFir[ si]>dy< jºmt&> hi[y an[


“ j[mi> S¾di[ k[ vNi[<n[ aiFir[ si]>dy< jºmt&> hi[y an[viN)mi> miF&y< p\gTt&> hi[y t[n[ S¾dil>kir kh[ C[.”

“ j[ al>kir oiri k[vL S¾dn[ j cmRkZ(tByi< k[aikP<k bnivvimi> aiv[ t[n[ S¾dil>kir kh[ C[.”

4

S¾dil>kirni p\kir

vNi<n&p\is al>kir

a>Ryin&p\is al>kir


a>Ryin&p\is al>kir

S¾din&p\is al>kir

ymk al>kir

5

vNi<n&p\is al>kir� aY< :

“ jyir[ a[kj viky k[ p>(ktmi> a[kni[ a[k vN< vir>vir aiv[ an[t[ pdivl)ni si]>dy<mi> vFiri[ kr[ Ryir[ t[n[ vNi<n&p\is al>kir kh[ C[.”


� udihrN :

{1} ki(mn) ki[(kli k[(lk*jn kr[.

{2} kiLi krmni[ kiLi[ mi[hn, kiL&> a[n&> kim.

{3} kiS)mia[ kim kiQy&>.

{4} p)gL[ p)gL[ pDCiyini phiD.

6

a>Ryin&p\is al>kir� aY< :

“ jyir[ b[ p>(ktai[ k[ kYnni a>t[ a[ksrKi uµcirviLi S¾di[aiv[ Ryir[ t[n[ a>Ryin&p\is al>kir kh[ C[.”


� udihrN :{1} pv<tn[ nim[ p¸Yr, d(ryin[ nim[ piN),

'ESi<d“aipN[ ti[ EVrn[ nim[ viN).

{2} Si[Fti[ hti[ f*l, n[ fi[rm Si[Ft) ht) mn[,a[kb)Ôn[ Si[Fti gyi d*r, ti[ aiÄyi kn[.

7

a>Ryin&p\is al>kirni udihrN{3} nin&> srK&> gi[k&(Ly&> mir[ vhil[ v]k&>q k)F&> r[,

Bktjni[n[ liD lDiv) gi[p)ai[n[ s&K d)F&> r[.

{4} j[n) jSi[di mivlD),


{4} j[n) jSi[di mivlD),

criv[ gi[k&L givlD).

{5} (s>hN B*KY) Ô[ mr[ ti[y Gis nv Kiy,

p(tv\ti d&:Kmi> z*r[, pipkm< nv Yiy.

8

ymk al>kir� aY< :

“ a[kj p>(ktmi> a[kj S¾d k[ S¾dsm*h vir>vir p\yi[jvimi> aiv[an[ dr[k vKt[ t[ni[ aY< alg-alg Yti[ hi[y t[n[ ymk al>kir kh[C[.”


C[.”� udihrN :

jvin) ti[ aiKr[ jvin)

jvin) : yi]vn

jvin) : jt) rh[vin)

9

ymk al>kirni udihrN{1} aKiDimi> jvini m[> GN)vir aKiDi kyi< C[.

{2} (Amt v[r)n[ tm[ v[r)n[ di[At bnivi[.


{3} B*tni tir[Y) vt<min pkDi[ pN B*tni nimY) n Dri[.

{4} j[ vi>c[ ci[pD) t[ ci[pD) ci[pD) Kiy.

10

S¾din&p\is al>kir ’� aY< :

“jyir[ ki[E p>(kt k[ vikymi> p\yi[Ôy[li S¾di[mi> uµcir a[ksrKiYti hi[y Ryir[ t[n[ S¾din&p\is al>kir kh[viy C[.”


� udihrN :

{1} hv[ r>g, bn) t>g, mciv) j>g, (pyi[J B>g !

{2} giyk n liyk t&> fi[gT f&liNi[ C[.

{3} C[ mtvil) nY) nmil), nvi> li[h)n) lil).

{4} aipN[ aivL bivL bi[rD).

11

m¹yi>tr


aYi<l>kir� aY< :

“ j[mi> aY<rcnin) cmRkZ(t hi[y, S¾di[mi>Y) p\gTti aYi[<n)s>yi[jniY) viN)n&> miF&y< {si]>dy<} p\gTt&> hi[y t[n[ aYi<l>kir kh[ C[.”


s>yi[jniY) viN)n&> miF&y< {si]>dy<} p\gTt&> hi[y t[n[ aYi<l>kir kh[ C[.”

“ j[ al>kir oiri aY<n[ cmRkZ(tByi< k[ aikP<k bnivvimi> aiv[t[n[ aYi<l>kir kh[ C[.”

13

aYi<l>kirni p\kirupmi al>kir

$pk al>kir

Äy(tr[k al>kir

ÄyijAt&(t al>kir


$pk al>kir

anºvy al>kir

ÄyijAt&(t al>kir

uRp\[xi al>kirsJviri[pN al>kir

Ål[P al>kir a(tSyi[(kt al>kir

14

aYi<l>kir smjvi k[Tli>k pdi[ smJ lEa[.� upm[y : j[n) srKimN) krvimi> aiv[ C[ t[.

� upmin : j[n) siY[ srKimN) krvimi> aiv[ C[ t[.


� siFirN Fm< : upm[yn[ upmin siY[ ki[Ea[k smin g&Nn) bibtmi>srKivvimi> aiv[ C[ t[.

� upmivick S¾d : srKimN) s*cvti S¾di[n[ upmivick S¾d kh[ C[.

{sm, smin, smi[vD&>, srKi[, S), Si[, j[vi[, j[v), j[v&>, j[m, p[q[, t&Ãy}

15

upmi al>kir� aY< :

“ jyir[ b[ j&d) j&d) vAt&ai[ vµc[ ki[E smin g&NFm<n[ lxmi>lEn[ srKimN) krvimi> aiv) hi[y t[n[ upmi al>kir kh[ C[.”

“ b[ j&d) j&d) vAt&ai[ vµc[ ki[E a[k Kis g&N a>g[ srKimN)


“ b[ j&d) j&d) vAt&ai[ vµc[ ki[E a[k Kis g&N a>g[ srKimN)krvimi> aiv[ t[n[ upmi al>kir kh[ C[.”

“ jyir[ upm[yn[ upmin siY[ srKivvimi> aiv[ Ryir[ t[n[ upmial>kir kh[ C[.”

� upmivick S¾d : sm, smin, smi[vD&>, srKi[, S), Si[, j[vi[, j[v), j[v&>,j[m, p[q[, t&Ãy, mifk vg[r[

16

upmi al>kirni udihrN� dmy>t)n&> m&K c>W j[v&> s&>dr C[.

dmy>t)n&> m&K : upm[y

c>W : upmin


c>W : upmin

j[v&> : upmivick

s&>dr : siFirN Fm<

C[.

17

upmi al>kirni udihrN{1} aPiQ) a>Fir[ mnmi> v)j smi trvrti sijn.

{2} Bmri smi[ Bmti[ pvn.


{3} t[N[ K)>T)a[Y) kiL) nigN j[v) tlvir l)F).

{4} a(nl S) zT si>QN) upD).

18

$pk al>kir� aY< :

“ jyir[ ki[E b[ vAt&ai[n) t&lni krt) vKt[ upm[y an[ upminb>n[ a[k j hi[y k[ a[k$p hi[y a[ r)t[ rj* krvimi> aiv[ Ryir[ t[n[ $pkal>kir kh[ C[.”


al>kir kh[ C[.”

“ jyir[ upm[y an[ upminn[ a[k$p btivvimi> aiÄyi hi[y Ryir[$pk al>kir bn[ C[.”

19

$pk al>kirni udihrN� dmy>t)ni[ m&Kc>W p\kiS) rHi[ C[.

dmy>t)ni[ m&K : upm[y

c>W : upmin


c>W : upmin

ni[>F : ah)> m&K an[ c>W b>n[n[ a[k$p dSi<vvimi> aiÄyi C[.

t[Y) m&Kc>W S¾d bn[ C[.

ah)> siFirN Fm< j[v&> hi[t&> nY).

20

$pk al>kirni udihrN{1} p\[mp>Y pivkn) jvili.

{2} ai s>sir sigr trvi[ sh[li[ nY).


{3} bpi[r a[k mi[T&> (Skir) k*tr&> C[.

{4} a>tr ai>s&ni n)rni k]> zri.

21

anºvy al>kir� aY< :

“ jyir[ upm[yn[ upmin tr)k[ j dSi<vvimi> aiv[ Ryir[ t[n[anºvy al>kir kh[ C[.”


“ upm[yn) srKimN) krvi yi[³y upmin n mLti> upm[yn)srKimN) upm[y siY[ j krvimi> aiv[ t[n[ anºvy al>kir kh[ C[.”

{an` + aºvy}

an` : aBiv

aºvy : s>b>F – pdi[ni[ prApr yi[³y s>b>F

22

anºvy al>kirni udihrN{1} dmy>t)n&> m&K t[ dmy>t)n&> m&K.

{2} mi t[ mi, b)Ô bFi vgDini vi.


{3} gi>F)J a[Tl[ gi>F)J.

{4} pN mn[K j[vi mn[Kn[ j kpri[ kiL aiÄyi[ C[.

23

Äy(tr[k al>kir� aY< :

“ jyir[ upm[yn[ upmin krti> c(Dyit&> dSi<vvimi> aiv[ Ryir[ t[n[Äy(tr[k al>kir kh[ C[.”


� udihrN :

{1} dmy>t)ni m&K aigL ti[ c>W pN zi>Ki[ lig[.

{2} kmL Yk) k&mL&> r[ b[n) a>g C[ a[n&>.

{3} Fi(ry&> n(h ti[ tir) JB ti[ ht), a[ vF& Firdir C[.

{4} a[m ti[ tiri n[N (bli[r) v[NY)y[ vF& bi[lki gi[r).

24

ÄyijAt&(t al>kir� aY< :

“ jyir[ (n>di oiri p\S>si an[ p\S>si oiri (n>di krvimi> aiv[ Ryir[t[n[ ÄyijAt&(t al>kir kh[ C[.”


� udihrN :

{1} S&> tmir) bhid&r) ! u>dr Ô[En[ niqi.

{2} t[ni s>g)tni[ a[vi[ Ôd&, k&>BkN<n) kZpi yicv)j n pD[.

{3} $p[S mi>yki>gli[ nY), pipDti[D ph[lvin C[.

{4} S&> a[n&> $p ! k>dp< k>E (vsitmi> nh)>

25

uRp[\xi al>kir� aY< :

“ jyir[ upm[y an[ upmin vµc[ srKimN)n) s>Bivni UB)krvimi> aiv[ Ryir[ t[n[ uRp\[xi al>kir kh[ C[.”


“ upm[y ÔN[ upmin hi[y t[v) tk< - s>Bivni krvimi> aiv[ Ryir[uRp\[xi al>kir bn[ C[.”

� s>Bivni s*ck S¾di[ : ÔN[, rK[, Sk[, S&> vg[r[

26

uRp[\xi al>kirni udihrN{1} dmy>t)n&> m&K ÔN[ p*nmni[ c>W !

{2} jyi> Ryi> aiv) vy bdl) s>tiy ÔN[ pr)ai[.


{3} kiyini> sri[vr ÔN[ h[l[ cQyi>.

{4} li[cn t[ni> ÔN[ pÞ-pi>KD).

27

Ål[P al>kir� aY< :

“ jyir[ a[k p>(ktmi> a[k S¾dni a[kY) vF& aY< Yiy an[t[mi>Y) aY<n&> v](v¹y uRpºn Yiy Ryir[ t[n[ Ål[P al>kir kh[ C[.”


“ a[k j S¾dni a[kY) vF& aY< Yiy Ryir[ Ål[P al>kir bn[ C[.”� udihrN :

t[n&> ãdy ht&> kim (vP[ D*b[l&>.

kim : mh[nt, Äyvsiy, km<

kim : visni

28

Ål[P al>kirni udihrN{1} r(vn[ pi[tini[ tDki[ n gm[ ti[ t[ kyi> Ôy ?

{2} rij[Smi> piN) nY) ti[ ai p>Y k[m kpiS[ ?


{3} d)vi nY) drbirmi> C[ a>Fir&> Gi[r !

29

sJviri[pN al>kir� aY< :

“ jyir[ (nJ<v pdiY<n[ sJvn&> airi[pN krvimi> aiv[ Ryir[ t[n[ sJviri[pN al>kir kh[ C[.”


� udihrN :

{1} f*l hsti> hti>.

{2} d*rni D&>gri[ sid kr)n[ bi[livti hti.

{3} rimn[ s)tiJ miT[ (vlip krti Ô[En[ p¸Yri[ pN rD) Uqyi.

{4} tgD)ni pidr v)>F)n[ sDk di[Dt) hi[y.

30

al>kir ai[LKi[� j[vi[ KiKr f*Ãyi[ figNni[ t[v) d)s[ d[h.

� upmi al>kir

� d)kriai[ piN)n) p[q[ p]si[ vipr[ C[.

� upmi al>kir


� upmi al>kir

� vNi<n&p\is al>kir

� n)c[ a[k n)Dmi> hi>f[, nmNi> n[ (ndi[<P pir[vi.

� vNi<n&p\is al>kir

� sigr sigr j[vi[ C[, aikiS aikiS j[v&> C[.

� anºvy al>kir

31

al>kir ai[LKi[� sh&a[ a[k vit ti[ minv) j rh) k[ minv)n[ bnivvin&> sh[l&> nY).

� ymk al>kir

� (vwi B(Nyi[ j[h, t[h G[r v]Bv $Di[,

(vwi B(Nyi[ j[h, kimn) k>cn c*Di[.


(vwi B(Nyi[ j[h, kimn) k>cn c*Di[.

� a>Ryin&p\is al>kir

� didiJ a[Tl[ didiJ

� anºvy al>kir

� viN) ti[ biNn[ f*lki> v)>F[ vFivt).

� $pk al>kir

32

al>kir ai[LKi[� s)tini m&Kn[ c>W k[m kh[viy !

c>Wmi> ti[ kl>k hi[y C[.

� Äy(tr[k al>kir

� s)tin&> m&K t[ s)tin&> m&K


� s)tin&> m&K t[ s)tin&> m&K

� anºvy al>kir

� rm[Sn[ C[Ãl) piTl) pr b[svini[ Si[K C[.

� ÄyijAt&(t al>kir

� s&dimini v]Bv aigL k&b[r t[ ki[N mi#i.

� Äy(tr[k al>kir

33

.a[...aivÔ[


Documents

aip si]n&> hi(d