MESOPOTAMIAAim: Why was Geography so important to Mesopotamia?

“THE LAND BETWEEN 2 RIVERS”

THE THREE PEOPLES Assyrian Akkad Sumerians

THE FERTILE CRESCENT Although Mesopotamia has little rain,

the two rivers surrounding Mesopotamia would flood and leave “silt” (material deposited that made the soil rich for farming)

This led to an “abundance” of food. This allowed people to…

THE SUMERIANS The Sumerians were one of the first

civilizations to develop “city-states” Sumerian cities were well fortified with

walls and strong defense towers

THE GROWTH OF RELIGION The environment around them affected

how Mesopotamians viewed the world. Hey LT, what the heck does that mean?? Were they Polytheistic or Monotheistic??

RECAP FROM LAST CLASS Sumerian cities-states had large population Mud brick houses Massive religious temples called

“ziggurats” Theocracy – The Sumerians believed that

the gods ruled the cities, which meant a government by divine authority

Economy was originally “agricultural” Trade and Industry became an important

part of their economy as well Three main social groups – nobles,

commoners, and slaves

STILL RECAPPING Sumerians created the form of writing

called “Cuneiform Being a “scribe” was a very prestigious

job to have during those times Technological inventions include the

wheel, bronze, the potters wheel, a sundial, mathematics (60), and astronomy.

HAMMURABI From Babylon, Hammurabi was able to

gain control of Sumer and Akkad

HAMMURABIS CODE What do you think

of our justice system today?

The code of Hammurabi was very strict

“An Eye for an Eye” Society was

“patriarchal”

HAMMURABI COURT CASES! Case 1 - If a builder builds a house for a

man and does not make its construction sound, and the house which he has built collapses and causes the death of the owner of the house, the builder shall be put to death.

Case 2 - If a "sister of god" (nun) who is not living in a convent opens a wine shop or enters a wine shop for a drink, they shall burn that woman.

HAMMURABI COURT CASES Case 3 - If a man be in debt and is

unable to pay his creditors, he shall sell his wife, son, or daughter, or bind them over to service. For three years they shall work in the houses of their purchaser or master; in the fourth year they shall be given their freedom.

Case 4 - If the woman has not been careful but has gadded about, neglecting her house and belittling her husband, they shall throw that woman into the water.

HAMMURABI COURT CASES Case 5 - If a man takes in his own home

a young boy as a son and rears him, one may not bring claim for that adopted son.

Case 6 - If a son strikes his father, they shall cut off his hand

ANCIENT EGYPT

Aim: How did Egyptians use their Geography to build a large civilization?

OVERVIEW OF EGYPTLower Egypt

UpperEgypt

Western Desert

Mediterranean Sea

Eastern Desert

RELIGION Polytheistic or Monotheistic? Two groups – Sun gods and Land gods Myth of Osiris

and his evilbrother Seth

Movie clip!

EGYPT’S HISTORY BEGINS… King Menes unites

Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom creating the first royal “Dynasty”

Dynasty – a family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family.

THE THREE EGYPTIAN KINGDOMS The Old Kingdom The Middle Kingdom The New Kingdom

EGYPTIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Pharaoh“God-King”

Nobles Priests

MerchantsScribes Artisans Tax Collectors

Peasants

SECTION 3

Aim: How did the location of the Phoenicians influence the growth of their civilization?

THE MIDDLE EAST

THE PHOENICIANS Lived along the Mediterranean Coast Being so close to water helps them

prosper how?? The Phoenicians built ships and became

great sea traders They even reached areas of Great

Britain and along the west coast of Africa

But they were particularly remembered for creating one thing…

THE ALPHABET!

THE ISRAELITES We will look at the

culture and impact of the Israelites and a brief overview of their history

The Israelites’ history and religious beliefs was eventually written down in the Hebrew bible (the Old Testament)

ISRAELITES ENSLAVED! The Israelites tended to rely on grazing

animals for food Due to a drought,

they Israelitesmigrated down toEgypt where theywere enslaved bythe Egyptians

Pharaoh King Ramses II