Aim: What do we Aim: What do we need to study for the need to study for the

midterm?midterm?

Aim: What do we Aim: What do we need to study for the need to study for the

midterm?midterm?

Do Now: Take out review Do Now: Take out review sheetsheet

HW: STUDYHW: STUDY

William Jennings Bryan

• 1896 Populist Candidate – supported free coinage of silver – “Cross of Gold” speech

Muckrakers• Journalists who exposed corruption

and other problems of the late 1800s and early 1900s

• Examples: Jacob Riis, Ida Tarbell, Frank Norris, Lincoln Steffans, Upton Sinclair

Theodore Roosevelt

•“Trustbuster” – broke up bad trusts

18th Amendment

•Made it illegal to sell alcoholic drinks anywhere in the United States

19th Amendment

•Guaranteed women the right to vote.

Suffrage/Franchise• Right to vote

Foreign Policy• Imperialism: policy of powerful

countries seeking to control the economic and political affairs of weaker countries or regions.

• Isolationism: policy of having little to do with the political affairs of foreign nations.

•Neutrality: Not taking sides in a war.

•Expansionism: Policy of extending a nation's boundaries.

Big Stick Policy

• Teddy Roosevelt’s policy in Latin America.

Open Door Policy

•Regarding China: any nation could trade in the spheres of others.

Panama Canal• Panama agreed to let the US build

a canal - to benefit American commerce and military capability. Shorten the journey by 8,000 miles.

Spanish American War• Causes:• Economic – US business interests - $50 million

in Cuba• Humanitarian – sympathized with the Cubans

– appalled by tactics of the Spanish• Yellow Journalism – • De Lome Letter – McKinley was weak from

Spanish minister• Sinking of the Maine - battleship exploded –

killing 266 Americans – blamed on Spanish

• Effects:• Lasted 4 months• Granted Cuba its independence• Gave US – Philippines, in return for

$20 million• Ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to

the US

USS Maine• Battleship

exploded and sank in the harbor of Havana, Cuba

• Public blamed Spain.

Yellow Journalism• Sensational stories – often

exaggerated and distorted events for emotional effect.

Propaganda• Spreading of ideas or beliefs that

help a particular cause and hurt an opposing cause.

World War I• Causes:

– Nationalism– Imperialism– Alliance System– Militarism– German

submarine warfare– Zimmerman

Telegram

• Results:– Wilson’s Fourteen

Points – League of Nations– Treaty of Versailles

Trench Warfare

• Type of fighting during the war

Treaty of Versailles–Germany had to:– take full responsibility for causing

the war– pay reparations to the allies– give up military forces– give up overseas colonies

League of Nations• Wilson proposed in his 14 points• New world organization• US refused to join – felt it would

pull them into future wars.

1920s• Economic prosperity• Flappers, fads• Installment buying• Buying on Margin

Scopes Trial• A biology teacher

violated a state law forbidding anyone to teach the theory of evolution.

• Scopes was convicted – had to pay a fine.

Clarence Darrow questions Bryan during the Scopes Trial

Rationing• Meatless and Wheatless days – in

order to provide food for the troops

• Victory Gardens• Ration Books

Immigration Quotas• Acts of the 1920s to limit

immigrants as a result of nativist demands.

Farmers after WWI• Farmers had expanded production

during World War I in response to rising prices and the demand for food.

• New machinery and new techniques increased farmers’ crop yield.

• After the war, the farmers had grown too much, prices decreased.

Auto Industry • Henry Ford’s assembly line –

increased production – cheaper cars available

Women during WWI• Women took jobs while men were

at war. • Worked in factories• Learned to become independent.

Role of Third Parties• Third parties call attention to

problems in society that the voters are interested in.

• These parties are usually absorbed by the main party, or die out when the problem disappears.

Roosevelt Corollary

• Claimed the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America to preserve law and order.

• “International police power”

Primary Source• Original records of an event.• Include documents left by

eyewitnesses, speeches, photographs, artifacts, diaries, or letters are examples. Interviews are also an example of a primary source.

Secondary Source• Later writings and interpretations

of historians and other writers.• Examples – textbooks, articles• They provide convenient

summaries and analysis of the information found in primary sources.

Meat Inspection Act• 1906 – created a system for

government inspection of foods, meats and drugs sold to the public.