Aim: What are the problems of development in Pakistan?

Mohammed Ali Jinnah: Founding figure of Pakistan

Jinnah and Gandhi

Mohammed Ali Jinnah 1876-1948

Loss of leader who might have crafted unity, secularism

Largely led by military rulers since

Some periods of highly corrupt political parties

Pakistan and Bangladesh: Religion was not enough for unity

Bangladesh declares independence, with Indian help, in 1971

Both India and

Pakistan occupy parts of

Jammu and Kashmir

Religion in Jammu and Kashmir

Pakistan’s Ethnic

Divisions

“Federally Administered Tribal Areas”:

Pakistani government

has almost no control over these areas

Which way should Pakistan “turn?”

Which way should Pakistan “turn?”Towards Afghanistan? Away from

modernization; towards Islam and tribalism

Which way should Pakistan “turn?”Towards India? Makes sense geographically, but would involve burying the hatchet; and Kashmir?

Which way should Pakistan “turn?”Towards China? Will be the perennial “little

brother”

Which way should Pakistan “turn?”

• Towards Afghanistan? Away from modernization; towards Islam and tribalism

• Towards India? Makes sense geographically, but would involve burying the hatchet; and Kashmir?

• Towards China? Will be the perennial “little brother”