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Peter the GreatPeter the Great Curious young boy who inherited the Curious young boy who inherited the
throne at the age of tenthrone at the age of ten Studied western customs and technology in Studied western customs and technology in
EnglandEngland Westernization- adoption of western ideas, technology Westernization- adoption of western ideas, technology
and culture.and culture.
Peter as a Autocrat and Peter as a Autocrat and ReformerReformer
Goals to strengthen military expand borders and Goals to strengthen military expand borders and centralize royal power.centralize royal power.
Forced boyars to serve in military or civilian jobsForced boyars to serve in military or civilian jobs Boyars- landowning noblesBoyars- landowning nobles
Spread serfdom allowing boyar to fulfill duties to stateSpread serfdom allowing boyar to fulfill duties to state Adopted mercantilist policies to fund his reformsAdopted mercantilist policies to fund his reforms
Mercantilism- policy by which a nation sought to Mercantilism- policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silversupply of gold and silver
Murdered thousands of rebels as an example of his Murdered thousands of rebels as an example of his powerpower
Expansion Under Peter
Expansion Under PeterExpansion Under Peter Created the largest standing army in Created the largest standing army in
EuropeEurope To increase Russia’s ability to trade with the West To increase Russia’s ability to trade with the West
searched for a warm water portsearched for a warm water port Warm water port- waterway that is free of ice all Warm water port- waterway that is free of ice all
year roundyear round
Lost war with Ottoman Empire for port in the Black seaLost war with Ottoman Empire for port in the Black sea
Defeated Swedish nation for port Defeated Swedish nation for port in Baltic Seain Baltic Sea
Built St. Petersburg from land Built St. Petersburg from land taken from the Swedestaken from the Swedes St. Petersburg became a St. Petersburg became a
symbol of absolutism in symbol of absolutism in Russia just as Versailles Russia just as Versailles was to France.was to France.
Signed treaty with Qing, China Signed treaty with Qing, China that recognized Russia’s right to that recognized Russia’s right to land north of Manchurialand north of Manchuria
Legacy of Peter the GreatLegacy of Peter the Great
Expanded Russian territoryExpanded Russian territory Gained PortsGained Ports Created mighty armyCreated mighty army Westernized RussiaWesternized Russia Widened the gap between rich and poorWidened the gap between rich and poor
Catherine the GreatCatherine the Great
Gained control of Gained control of Russia after her Russia after her mentally unstable mentally unstable husband was husband was murderedmurdered
Efficient RulerEfficient Ruler Reorganized Reorganized
government, laws government, laws and educationand education
Encouraged Encouraged French customs French customs and Ideasand Ideas
Ruthless Absolute MonarchRuthless Absolute Monarch
Forced more peasants into serfdomForced more peasants into serfdom Helped to achieve Peters dream of a warm water port Helped to achieve Peters dream of a warm water port
by defeating Ottoman Empire for port in the Black seaby defeating Ottoman Empire for port in the Black sea
Partition of PolandPartition of Poland Russia, Austria and Prussia Partition PolandRussia, Austria and Prussia Partition Poland
Partition- divide up landPartition- divide up land
Peter the GreatPeter the Great Peter the Great saw the long Peter the Great saw the long
beards worn by Russian men beards worn by Russian men as an sample of his country's as an sample of his country's backwardness and ordered backwardness and ordered nobles to shave their beards. nobles to shave their beards. Many men objected because Many men objected because they believed that God had a they believed that God had a beard and that man was made beard and that man was made in God's image. Eventually, in God's image. Eventually, Peter allowed men to keep Peter allowed men to keep their beards if they paid a tax. their beards if they paid a tax. This cartoon shows Peter the This cartoon shows Peter the Great, at right, clipping the Great, at right, clipping the beard of a protesting noble.beard of a protesting noble.
Compare this Compare this picture to the picture to the French court at French court at Versailles. Why do Versailles. Why do you Think Great you Think Great displays of wealth displays of wealth were important to were important to monarchs?monarchs?