AIM: What key factors allowed Britain to lead the way in the

Industrial Revolution?Do Now: Complete the following chart in

your notebookModern-Invention

What life was like before it:

What has changed because of it:

#1

#2

Unit Essential Question: What technological, social, economic, and cultural changes occurred as the Industrial Revolution took hold?

Write down 2-3 generalizations that can be made about the Industrial era.

1.

2.

3.

Life Changes as Industry Spreads

Life was simple with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the rural way of life began to disappear.

By the 1850s, many country villages had grown into industrial towns and cities.

New inventions and scientific “firsts” poured out each year.

Agriculture Spurs Industry

Farming methods improved

Enclosure increases output

Enclosure: the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers.

Enclosures causes migration

Population multiplies

New Technology Becomes Key

Energy revolution: new sources

Coal steam engineJames Watt: made improvements on the engine, becomes key power source of Industrial Revolution

Quality of Iron ImproveSmelt (separate iron from its ore)

Why Britain?Plentiful natural resources, natural ports, navigable rivers

Population explosion increase in demand = increase in supply

Capital – money used to invest in enterprises

Enterprise – a business organization in an area such as shipping, mining, railroads, factories

Entrepreneurs – those who managed and assumed the financial risks of starting new businesses

Textile IndustryBritain’s largest industry – textiles

Putting-out system: cottage industry, raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread in their homes. Then skilled artisans in towns finished and dyed the cloth.

Inventions speed up production (flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, cotton gin)

New machine = factories being born in Britain

Transportation Revolution

As production increased, entrepreneurs needed faster and cheaper methods of moving goods from place to place.

TurnpikesCanalsSteam locomotive

Group WorkIn groups on a piece of chart paper discuss and answer the following:

1. Discuss and explain reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in England.

2. Weigh the positive and negative effects of industrialization.

3. Discuss how revolutionary the changes were in industry and agriculture.

4. Discuss the effects of the Agrarian and Industrial Revolution’s on the world today in the following areas

changing roles of men and women

the expansion of suffrage,

urbanization,

the arts

competing ideologies such as liberalism, conservatism, serialism, and communism

Exit Slip

Summarize in your own words what the Industrial Revolution was.

AIM: What were the social effects of the Industrial

Revolution?Do Now: Describe four factors that helped bring

about the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

The New Industrial CityUrbanization – movement

of people into citiesWealthy and middle classes lived in pleasant neighborhoodsVast numbers of poor struggled to survive

Tenements: multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments

No running water, no sewage system, disease, filth

The Factory SystemRigid schedule: 12 to 16 hour shifts

Workers suffered accidents because of no safety devices

Poor health conditions BUT couldn’t take a day off

Preference: hire women adapt more easily, ‘easier to manage’, lower pay

This produces extreme social effects

Child labor (and orphans): becomes prominent in factories and mining industry

Slowly Parliament passed laws to regulate child labor

The Working ClassTakes a while for industrial workers to find a sense of identity/community

Beginning of protests: typically crushed and met with harsh repression

Spread of Methodism: many working-class people found comfort in a new religious movement (Methodist Church)

Labor Unions: workers’ organizations that won the right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours, and working-conditions. (over-time)

The New Middle ClassMiddle Class:

merchants, inventors, skilled artisans

“rags to riches”

Lived, dressed and ate well

Gained influence in Parliament

Women become “ladies”

Middle class values: hard work and the determination

Quiz!

Benefits and Disadvantages:Benefits - Disadvantages-

Exit SlipAfter a 12-hour day at the mill, you decide to write a letter to your family. Describe your new job and say whether you want to go back to the farm or stay working here in Manchester.

Aim: What new ideas about economics and society were

fostered as a result of the Industrial Revolution? Do Now: What are the benefits and

disadvantages of being Industrialized?

New Ways of Thinking1800s = Laissez-Faire economics

Thomas Malthus – ‘Poor will never stop suffering'

Jeremy Bentham –advocated for utilitarianismUtilitarianism – the idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of its citizens

John Stuart Mill – wanted the government to step in to improve the right of the working class

Socialist Thought Emerges

Socialism – the people as a whole rather than private individuals would own and operate the means of production (the farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produced and distributed goods)

Utopia?

Robert Owen:

Utopia in Scotland

Karl Marx

German philosopher who condemned the ideas of the Utopians as unrealistic idealism

Teamed up with Friedrich Engels, another German socialist

The Communist Manifesto: published 1848

Predicts that a power struggle between social classes would lead to a classless society where all means of production would be owned by the community

“haves” (bourgeoisie) vs. “have-nots” (proletariats – working class)

Communism: in practice, a system in which governments led by a small elite controlled all economic and political life

Marxism

Gained widespread popularity – people agreed that power should be in hands of workers not business owners

Never practiced as he planned1860s Germany – social democracy: a political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the system. Russia, Latin America, Asia, and Africa all turn to Marxism during 1900s

Fails because of flaws in the argument that workers would unite across national borders (NATIONALISM!)

AIM: What Industrial powers emerged in the

1800s?Do Now: How did Industrialization spread?

New Industrial PowersBritain stood alone during the early

Industrial Revolution

Belgium, Germany, France, Japan and the United States followed Britain's lead

Technology and Industry

Steel – Henry Bessemer

Chemicals – chemists created hundreds of new products

Electricity – Dynamo: a machine that generates electricity

New Methods of Production:Interchangeable parts: identical components that could be used in place of one another

Assembly line: workers on an assembly line add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next

Technology Speeds

Transportation and

CommunicationAutomobile Age begins – Germany and America

Conquest of the Air – America and England

Rapid Communication – telegraph, telephone, radio

New Directions for Business

Stock – shares in their companies

Corporations – business that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock.

Move towards monopolies – Cartel – an association to fix prices, set production quotas, or control markets

AIM: How did the Industrial Revolution change the old social order and long-held traditions in

the Western world? DO NOW: Explain the race to Industrialization. (Section 3 – Race to Industrialization Monopoly

Game)

The Rise of CitiesUrban renewal – rebuilding of the poor areas of a city

Standard of living – measures the quality and availability of necessities and comforts in society

Changing Attitudes & Values

Cult of Domesticity – idealized women and the home

Temperance movement – a campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages

Women’s suffrage – a women’s right to vote

Arts in the Industrial Age

Romanticism – artistic style emphasizing imagination, freedom, and emotion

Realism – an attempt to represent the world as it was, without the sentiment associated with romanticism

Impressionism – captures the first fleeting impression made by a scene or object on the viewer’s eye.

On your ONE sheet of chart paper, tell the class how you think your documents

fit into this story. Include:

Sources and dates of the documents.

What you think the document’s objective was at the time of publication

How you are guessing they fit into the story of the Industrial Revolution

Be creative when you make these. You do not have to simply write out a list.