Aim #44: What challenges did African Americans face during Reconstruction? Do now! On Friday, we discussed difficulties freedmen faced when trying to vote including literacy tests. Take 5 minutes to complete the Louisiana literacy test. Remember, dont get any wrong OR YOU CANT VOTE! ***Remember, tomorrow due Why Reconstruction Matters w/questions Key Questions 1. How do we bring the South back into the Union? 2. How do we rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? 3. How do we integrate and protect newly- emancipated black freedmen? 4. What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction? (I) DIFFERENT PHASES OF RECONSTRUCTION a.Wartime reconstruction 1.(1863) Lincolns Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (10% plan); south must accept emancipation b. Johnson: accepts Lincolns plan; disenfranchises southern leaders; must ratify the 13 th amendment c. Congressional Reconstruction (Moderates vs. Radicals) 1.Congress overrides Johnsons veto on 2 bills: Freedmens Bureau (help freedmen adjust to civilian life; clothing, food, biggest success: setting up schools) Civil Rights Bill of 1866: gave freedmen citizenship and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws (i.e. black codes) 2. Reconstruction Act of 1867: divided south into military districts Freedmens Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes Plenty to eat and nothing to do. Freedmens Bureau School UNDERFUNDED Met with resistance in both North and South Re-chartered annually until it was abolished in Northern Cartoon (Pennsylvania, 1866) (II) Former Slaves Face Many Challenges a.Lack of education b.Black codes c.Violence d.Sharecropping Sharecropping (III) Andrew Johnson is Impeached a.(1867) Tenure of Office Act: Senate must approve any presidential dismissal of a cabinet official 1.Johnson removes Secretary of State Edwin Stanton without approval 2.Johnson impeached (charges brought against him, but not kicked out of office) **point of interest: only other president impeachedBill Clinton (IV) Reconstruction Governments a.(1868) Grant wins (hes a war hero); 500,000 votes from African Americans b.Republican coalition made up of: freed blacks, scalawags (cooperating southern whites who want economic development; carpetbaggers (northerners who went south to transform southern life) This cartoon from a Southern Democratic newspaper depicts Carl Schurz, a liberal Republican who advocated for liberal equality for African Americans. 1.Is Schurz shown in a positive or negative light How can you tell? 2.Why do you think the cartoon portrays the Southern people standing in a group, far away from Schurz? V. Reconstruction Under President Grant a.KKK established to secure white supremacy and resist reconstruction governments (really first terrorist group) 1.Force Bills: designed to stop resistance, federal troops in south, rarely enforced b. 1870s: Congress doesnt want to use federal governments power to monitor southern society VI. Reconstruction Fatigue a.Election of 1876: Republican nominated Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrats nominated Samuel Tilden b.Election results: Hayes wins (although Tilden more pop. Votes) c. Compromise of Hayes would become president in return for withdrawing troops from south 2. Officially ended Reconstruction Wrap Up Questions: Please put questions on separate sheet of paper 1.Why do you think many Republicans gave up on Reconstruction? 2.What (if anything) could the government have done to protect the rights of freedmen better? 3.Why were so many southerners afraid of giving the freedmen the right to vote?