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4/14/2020
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Tree of Heaven vs. Sumac identification
Thomas deHaasANR – [email protected]
OSU Lake County Extension
Tree of Heaven? Who cares? Isn’t that invasive!
Tree of HeavenAilanthus altissima
Host tree for Spotted Lantern Fly
Spotted LanternflyLycorma delicatula (White)
• Distribution
• The spotted lanternfly is present in China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. In 2014, the insect was first detected in the United States in Pennsylvania. Since then, spotted lanternfly infestations have been detected in Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Virginia.
Spotted Lanternfly
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OHIO may be next… We need your help!
Wineries in Grand River Valley
• Preferred Hosts:– Tree of Heaven
(Ailanthus altissima)
– Grapes (Vitis spp.)
• Eggs:– Laid then commonly
covered with waxy coating
– Overwintering stage
Egg Mass:1 – 1 1/2” long1/2 – 3/4” wide
SLF Egg Masses
Gypsy Moth Egg Mass
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Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Eggs
Nymphs
Adults
Life Stage Present(One Generation per Year in PA)
Source: Penn State Extension
Weak flyers: more like glidersResponsible for localized spreadOccasional hitchhikers
The longest stage of the life cycle stageMost responsible for human-assisted spread
THERE IS AN APP FOR THAT!
• Great Lakes Early Detection Network (GLEDN)
• Download the APP
• Do Normal Activity or Go Outside Looking Specifically for Invasive Species
• Report What You See
• Check Out the Maps
• Access at http://go.osu.edu/GLEDN
• Background• Tree-of-heaven was first introduced into the
United States in the Philadelphia area in 1784. Immigrants later introduced tree-of-heaven to the West Coast in the 1850s. It was initially valued as an urban street tree and was widely planted in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C., area. From these areas, tree-of-heaven has spread and become a common invasive plant in urban, agricultural, and forested areas.
• https://extension.psu.edu/tree-of-heaven
Where is Tree of Heaven Native??
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Staghorn SumacRhus typhina
Can be confused with Tree of Heaven
Tree of Heaven in Winter
• Staghorn Sumac does tend to retain its fruit through the winter.
• Tree of Heaven tend to lose its seed pods but can retain them in the winter
• When growing together, which can be common, you can begin to see the difference.
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Seed ClustersTree of Heaven
Compare / Contrast - Sumac and Tree of Heaven
Bud Scar - Tree of Heaven
Tree of Heaven – Heart Shaped Bud Scar Tree of Heaven- Heart-shaped even when older
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And older Sumac - Fruit
Sumac Buds Sumac Bud
Ailanthus in Winter Ailanthus in background-they grow together
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Rhus (Sumac) in Winter
Fruit - Sumac Tree of Heaven - Trunk
Sumac - Trunk
• Tree of Heaven vs. Sumac: How can you tell the difference?
• Staghorn Sumac is a native to Ohio and a great naturalizer plant. Tree of Heaven is an invasive and extremely aggressive in growth and proliferation.
• Both Sumac and Tree of Heaven are in flower in northeast Ohio, which in fact is one of the best ways to tell them apart.
In the Growing Season!!!!
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• Staghorn Sumac - Rhus typhina is an attractive wood line plant with attractive fruits and a good orange fall color. The fruit is fuzzy, starts green, and turns to red. The leaves on sumac are toothed and pinnately compound.
• Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima has flower clusters that cascade out and down from the center. They tend to be orange to brown. The leaves are pinnately compound but are smooth with no teeth.
• Both plants can grow together and may be difficult to tell apart. However, the flowers can really help if you want to keep (Sumac) or pitch (Tree of Heaven),
When they FLOWER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Unmasking the invasive
Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is an introduced species that has become an invasive in a wide variety of habitats. This plant can be confused with the native Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina). Through careful observation these two species can be easily separated.
Characteristic Tree-of-heaven Staghorn SumacLeaf 1 – 4 feet in length 1 – 2 feet in length
10 – 40 leaflets per leaf 13 – 27 leaflets often 19
leaflets have smooth margin (edge) leaflets have serrated margin (small even teeth)
base of leaflet has 1 -2 broad teeth
Sap Clear Milky and sticky
smooth to lightly pubescent densely pubescent
Pith brown and spongy Pith firm and yellow white
Leaf scar Large V or heart shape not enclosing the bud
U-shaped enclosing the bud
Fruit Winged samara Red fuzzy drupe in upright clusters
Other Odor when crushed
Compare/Contrast -Tree of Heaven and Sumac Tree of Heaven in Leaf
Tree of Heaven Tree of Heaven – Seed Head
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Leaflet of Ailanthus – Tree of Heaven Sumac in Leaf
Sumac Sumac Leaflet
Sumac Leaf Sumac –Early Season
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Sumac in Foreground- Tree of Heaven in Background
Phloem Feeding
Image Number: 5522655 spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) (White, 1845) Photographer: Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture
Search for: Great Lakes EDN
• Great Lakes Early Detection Network (GLEDN)
• Download the APP
• Do Normal Activity or Go Outside Looking Specifically for Invasive Species
• Report What You See
• Check Out the Maps
• Access at http://go.osu.edu/GLEDN
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Spotted Lanternfly – Lake County List
Tree Address Street Location Details
1 NA Blackmore and Clark Perry NW Corner of intersection
2 NA Rt 20 Perry Across from Dod Shelter and East of McCallister Landscape Supply
3 NA Rt 20 Painesville East of Melzer Fuel Depot
4 NA Rt 20 Painesville West of Mr. Chicken next to NS RR tracks
5 NA Rt 20 Painesville West of Aldi Parking Lot on Ganley Auto tracks
6 NA Erie Street Willoughby South of Willoughby Coal (NS Tracks)
7 NA Rt 84 Painesville Beaty Landing upper Parking Lot (West of lot)
8 NA Richmond Street Fairport Harbor Entrance to Fairport Harbor Yatch Club
9 526 Courtland (Backyard) Fairport Harbor Courtland and Orchard Intersection
10 3415 St Rt 84 Perry North side of 84 across from Klyn Nursery
11 NA Lane Rd Perry Southwest of the Norfolk/Southern RR Tracks
12 NA Rt 20 Madison Subway Parking lot (east side) South side of Rd 20
Other Look-alikes?Black Walnut Juglans nigra
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Jason Sharman, Vitalitree, Bugwood.orgPaul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.org
Chris Evans, University of Illinois, Bugwood.org
FlowersPaul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.org
WalnutsPaul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.org
Bill Cook, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org
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Tree of Heaven – Heart Shaped Bud Scar
Other Look-alikes?Boxelder MapleAcer negundo
Other Look-alikes?Black Walnut
Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.orgPaul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.org
Barbara Tokarska-Guzik, University of Silesia, Bugwood.org
Jan Samanek, Phytosanitary Administration, Bugwood.org
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Keith Kanoti, Maine Forest Service, Bugwood.org
Chris Evans, University of Illinois, Bugwood.org
Penn State Fact Sheet on Tree a Heaven:
https://extension.psu.edu/tree-of-heaven
Tree of Heaven look-alike Hickory
Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.orgBitternut hickory leafChris Evans, University of Illinois, Bugwood.org
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Bitternut Hickory bark
Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.org
Shagbark Hickory bark
Rob Routledge, Sault College, Bugwood.org
Rob Routledge, Sault College, Bugwood.org
Shagbark Hickory NutsElmer Verhasselt, Bugwood.org
QUESTIONS ????
Thomas deHaas
ANR Educator
OSU Lake County Extension
Office phone:
440-853-2630
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