AIFS Framework and ASEAN Biocontrol

1

ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS)

Framework and ASEAN Biocontrol (ABC) for

Sustainable Agrifood Systems

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Table of Contents

I. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................4

II. Food Security Initiatives at global and regional level ......................................................................................5

Global Food Security Initiatives .......................................................................................................................6

Regional Food Security Initiatives ...................................................................................................................7

III. ASEAN and Food Security...............................................................................................................................8

IV. ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework ..................................................................................10

V. ASEAN Biocontrol (ABC) for Sustainable Agrifood Systems and ASEAN Integrated Food Security

Framework ......................................................................................................................................................12

VI. Process Management ......................................................................................................................................14

Detailed description of activities, and indicators ............................................................................................14

Implementation Timeline and Schedule .........................................................................................................15

Annex I: Appendix 1 COMPONENTS AND STRATEGIC THRUSTS OF ASEAN INTEGRATED FOOD

SECURITY (AIFS) FRAMEWORK .....................................................................................................................16

Conceptual Diagram of ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework ....................................................18

Annex II: Matrix of Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security in the ASEAN Region (SPA-FS) 2009 - 2013 ...19

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List of Figures and Tables

Figure 1 Number of undernourished people in the world, 1969-71 to 2010 (FAO) .................................................5

Figure 2 Proportion of undernourished people in developing countries, 1969-71 to 2010 (FAO) ..........................5

Figure 3 Regional share of undernourished (1990-2 2006-8) (FAO Statistical Yearbook 2012) .........................8

Figure 4 Impact of high food prices by region (FAO)..............................................................................................9

Figure 5 Timeline showing development of ASEAN initiatives and cooperation in the area of food security .....10

Figure 6 Components and Strategic Thrusts of ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework ................11

Table 1 Four dimensions of food security ................................................................................................................4

Table 2 Available food supply, minimum dietary energy requirement and food deficit of undernourished

population (kcal/person/day) in ASEAN countries, Average 2006- 2008 (FAOSTAT) ..........................................8

Table 3 Proposed outputs of ASEAN Biocontrol for Sustainable Agrifood Systems (first phase: 2011-2013) ....13

Table 4 Implementation Timeline ..........................................................................................................................15

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I. Introduction

Over the last three decades, the concept of food security has evolved to reflect the shift in policy thinking and the

complexities of the issue. Food security concept was originally introduced in the mid-1970s following the global

oil crisis and related food crisis of 1972-74. The initial focus of the concept was on the volume and stability of

food supplies. Other dimensions of food security were gradually included. The multi-dimensional nature of food

security was echoed in the widely accepted definition adopted at the 1996 World Food Summit and refined in the

State of Food Insecurity 2001:

Food security [is] a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active

and healthy life.1

This definition reflects four dimensions of food security, of which FAO has described as follows.2

Table 1 Four dimensions of food security

The concept of food security has been revised and broadened over time to respond to the multidimensionality of

food security. Other than food supply and demand at the national level, it also takes into account the aspects of

nutrition, livelihood, and the human right to food at the household and individual level.

1 The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2001 (Rome: FAO, 2002).

2 Food Security, FAO Policy Brief: Issue 2, June 2006, .

Food

Availability

The availability of sufficient quantities of food of appropriate quality, supplied through

domestic production or imports (including food aid).

Food

Accessibility

Access by individuals to adequate resources (entitlements) for acquiring appropriate foods

for a nutritious diet. Entitlements are defined as the set of all commodity bundles over

which a person can establish command given the legal, political, economic and social

arrangements of the community in which they live (including traditional rights such as

access to common resources).

Food

Utilization

Utilization of food through adequate diet, clean water, sanitation and health care to reach a

state of nutritional well-being where all physiological needs are met. This brings out the

importance of non-food inputs in food security.

Food

Stability

To be food secure, a population, household or individual must have access to adequate food

at all times. They should not risk losing access to food as a consequence of sudden shocks

(e.g. an economic or climatic crisis) or cyclical events (e.g. seasonal food insecurity). The

concept of stability can therefore refer to both the availability and access dimensions of

food security.

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II. Food Security Initiatives at global and regional level

Despite an increase in global food production, nearly one billion people in the world still go to bed hungry. In

2010, approximately 925 million people were undernourished3. Figure 1 shows that the number of

undernourished people in 2010 is higher than the level that existed when world leaders agreed to reduce the

number of hungry by half at the World Food Summit in 1996.4 Figure 2 shows that the proportion of the

undernourished in developing countries has been improved from the 1990-92 base period, however, it is still

above the Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG) target. If it continues at this pace, achieving the goal of

reducing poverty and hunger by 2015 as outlined in the Millennium Development Goals will be a great

challenge.

A sharp rise in the prices of food commodities over 2007 2008 and the global economic and financial crisis drove millions of vulnerable people around the world into hunger and poverty. According to FAO, the number of

undernourished people has increased by 75 million as an impact of high food prices.5 The 2011 FAO Food Price

Index averaged 228 points, which was higher than its maximum value during the food price crisis of 2007-2008.6

In OECD FAO Agricultural Outlook 2011 2020, it is predicted that agricultural commodity prices will remain high and volatile for the next decade.

The food price crisis and its impact have put food security back on the global agenda as an immediate and future

priority issue. Consequently, a large number of global and regional food security initiatives are introduced or

strengthened. Key global and regional food security initiatives are summarized as follows.

3 925 million in chronic hunger worldwide, FAO Media Centre , 14 September 2010,

. 4 Global hunger declining, but still unacceptably high, FAO Economic and Social Development Department, September 2010, . 5 Briefing paper: Hunger on the rise, 17 September 2008, FAO,

. 6 FAO Food Price Index, World Food Situation, .

Figure 1 Number of undernourished people in the world,

1969-71 to 2010 (FAO)

Figure 2 Proportion of undernourished people in

developing countries, 1969-71 to 2010 (FAO)

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Global Food Security Initiatives

1) The United Nations High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis (HLTF)

Established by the United Nations Chief Executive Board in April 2008 under the leadership of the UN

Secretary-General, the Task Force consists of heads of UN Specialized agencies, the World Bank, the

International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the World

Trade Organization. The main objective of the Task Force is to promote a comprehensive and unified response

to the challenge of achieving global food security, including by facilitating the creation of a prioritized plan of

action and coordinating its implementation.7 In July 2008, the Comprehensive Framework for Action (CFA) was

developed. The CFA included recommendations of short and long-term actions for governments, international

and regional organizations, and civil society to take in order to improve food and nutrition security. The Updated

CFA (UCFA) was released in September 2010.

2) Committee on World Food Security (CFS)

CFS was established upon recommendation from the 1974 World Food Conference as a response to the food

crisis of the 1970s. CFS is an intergovernmental forum in the United Nations System for reviewing and

following up on policies regarding global food security. During 2009, the CFS members agreed to a reform to

make it more effective by including a broader group of stakeholders and increasing its ability to ensure food

security and nutrition for all. The process to create Global Strategic Framework for Food Security and Nutrition

(GSF) was launched in 2010. The GSF offers guidelines and recommendations for catalyzing coherent action at

the global, regional and country levels by the full range of stakeholders, while emphasizing the primary

responsibility of governments and the central role of country ownership of programs to combat food insecurity

and malnutrition.8

3) LAquila Food Security Initiative (AFSI)

The LAquila Food Security Initiative was endorsed at the 2009 G8 Summit in LAquila in July by 26 nations and 14 international organizations. They pledged to mobilize US$20 billion over three years in support for

sustainable agriculture development and safety nets for vulnerable populations and agreed on a comprehensive

and coordinated approached, partnering with countries facing dramatic food insecurity to help implement their

national food security strategies.

4) Global Agricultural and Food Security Program (GAFSP)

GAFSP was launched in April 2010 responding to the request made at the 2009 G20 Summit in Pittsburgh to

support the implementation of the new multi-donor trust fund pledged at LAquila G8 Summit in July 2009. It is

a financing mechanism which allows the additional funding to public and private sector to support national and

regional strategic plans for agriculture and food security in low-income countries. GAFSP stresses country

ownership, technical peer reviews, civil society participation, private sector partnerships, and independent

impact evaluations.9 The current total pledged amount is about US$1.2 billion, of which US$752.4 has been

received to date.10

The financial contributions have been provided by Australia, the Bill & Melinda Gates

Foundation, Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States.

7 The Global Food Security Crisis, Background Information The Secretary Generals High Level Task Force on the Global

Food Security Crisis, . 8 Global Strategic Framework for Food Security and Nutrition, Committee on World Food Security, , 5. 9 Global Agriculture and Food Security Program Annual Report 2011 (Washington: GAFSP, 2011).

10 Funding: GAFSP, .

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Regional Food Security Initiatives

1) ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework and Strategic Plan of Action for Food Security

(SPA-FS)

The AIFS Framework is ASEAN response to the food price crisis of 2008 and the need for an integrated and

innovative approach and multi-stakeholder efforts towards long-term food security. AIFS Framework and SPA-

FS was adopted at the 14th ASEAN Summit in 2009 with the goal to ensure long-term food security and to

improve the livelihoods of farmers in the ASEAN region. The Framework comprises of four components: 1.

Food security and emergency/shortage relief; 2. Sustainable food trade development; 3. Integrated food security

information system, 4. Agricultural innovation. AIFS Framework is supported by the Strategic Plan of Action

which covers a five-year period of 2009-2013.

2) APEC Action Plan on Food Security

The APEC Action Plan on Food Security was endorsed at the 2010 Ministerial Meeting on Food Security in

Niigata, Japan. The Member Economies agreed to pursue the shared goals of (i) sustainable development of the

agricultural sector, and (ii) facilitation of investment, trade and markets.11

The Action Plan, also known as

Niigata Action Plan on Food Security, identifies specific activities to be implemented by APEC Economies to

achieve the shared goals and to strengthen regional food security. The progress and success of the Action Plan

are reported by each Member Economies on the Asia-Pacific Food Security Information Platform (www.apip-

apec.com).

3) ASEAN Plus Three Comprehensive Strategy on Food Security and Bio-energy Development (APTCS-

FSBD) and the Strategic Plan of Action on Food and Energy Security (SPA-FES) 2010-2013

The APTCS-FSBD Framework was endorsed at the 11th Meeting of the AMAF plus Three in October 2011. The

goal of the Framework and its Strategic Plan of Action is to foster multi-sectoral cooperation among the ASEAN

Plus Three Countries in ensuring long-term food security and bio-energy development.12

This Comprehensive

Strategy shall strengthen and coordinate existing initiatives e.g., ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS)

Framework, the ongoing development of ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR), the ASEAN

Food Security Information System (AFSIS). The APTCS-FSBD Framework and its supporting Strategic Plan of

Action on Food and Energy Security (SPA-FES) covers a three-year period of 2010-2013.

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APEC Action Plan on Food Security, . 12 ASEAN Plus Three Comprehensive Strategy on Food Security and Bio-energy Development (APTCS-FSBD) and the Strategic Plan of Action on Food and Energy Security (SPA-FES) 2010-2013, .

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III. ASEAN and Food Security

Food production in the countries of Southeast Asia has shown an upward trend during the past decade.

Currently, ASEAN countries are major exporters of many agricultural and food products. In all ASEAN

countries, available daily calorie supply is adequate to meet minimum dietary energy requirements as shown in

Table 2 implying that enough food has been produced for domestic consumption. From the aspect of food

availability, ASEAN population could be considered food secure. However, in terms of food accessibility,

certain groups of people in the ASEAN region have difficulties in accessing sufficient, safe and nutritious food.

In most cases, it is those who produce food are the most food insecure. About 14% of the total population in

Southeast Asia is undernourished.13

Country Name

Food Supply

(kcal/person/day)

(Average 2006-2008)

Minimum Dietary Energy

Requirement

(kcal/person/day) (Average

2006-2008)

Average food deficit of

undernourished

population

(kcal/person/day)

Brunei Darussalam 3049.667 1890 130

Cambodia 2363.667 1760 250

Indonesia 2555 1820 220

Lao PDR 2291 1700 260

Malaysia 2862.333 1820 130

Myanmar 2460 1800 -

Philippines 2572 1760 240

Thailand 2861.333 1850 240

Vietnam 2615 1820 240

Table 2 Available food supply, minimum dietary energy requirement and food deficit of undernourished population

(kcal/person/day) in ASEAN countries, Average 2006- 2008 (FAOSTAT)

The average food deficit of undernourishment population in

Table 2 reveals the intensity of food deprivation which

indicates how much the undernourished falls short, on

average, of minimum food requirements in terms of dietary

energy. The intensity of food deprivation is low when it is less

than 200 kilocalories per person per day and high when it is

higher than 300 kilocalories per person per day.14

The undernourished have limited resources to secure physical

and economic access to food for their active and healthy lives.

Hunger can be caused by poverty, natural disasters, war, poor

agricultural infrastructure, over-exploitation of environment,

and recently financial and economic crises. Poverty is often

13

Prevalence of undernourishment in total population, FAO, . 14

FAOSTAT

Figure 3 Regional share of undernourished (1990-2 2006-8) (FAO Statistical Yearbook 2012)

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regarded as the major obstacle to achieving food security, particularly at the household level.

Whereas food is abundance in Southeast Asia, the prevalence of undernourishment in many countries in the

region is moderately high.

Though the prevalence of undernourishment is falling globally

as displayed comparatively by regions in Figure 3, it remains

fairly high considering the efforts put by international

community since the turn of the 21st Century in order to

reduce global poverty and hunger. Rising food prices of 2007

- 2008 and the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 are

some of the causes that slowed the progress towards poverty

and hunger reduction and the achievement of UN Millennium

Development Goal. According to FAO, The high food prices

in 2007-2008 caused additional 41 million people in Asia-

Pacific region to become undernourished.

Country name Total population

(million)

Number of

undernourished

persons (million)

Prevalence of

undernourishment

(%)

Global Hunger

Index 2011

Cambodia 14.3 3.6 25% 19.9

Indonesia 224.7 29.7 13% 12.2

Lao PDR 6.1 1.4 22% 20.2

Malaysia 26.6 NS

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ASEAN Emergency Rice Reserve (AERR). ASEAN engagement on food security has been adjusted through

time responding to the evolving context of global food security. Further initiatives and cooperation on food

security guided by the 1979 Agreement, the Vientiane Action Programme (2004 2010) and the ASEAN Socio-

Cultural Community Blueprint, to name a few, have been pursued by ASEAN Member States.

Figure 5 Timeline showing development of ASEAN initiatives and cooperation in the area of food security

IV. ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework

ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework and Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security (SPA-FS)

in the ASEAN region were adopted at the 14th ASEAN Summit in February 2009, where leaders pledged to

embrace food security as a matter of permanent and high priority policy. The AIFS Framework is a response to

the rapid rise of food prices, accessibility to staple food among the poor, high cost of agricultural

inputs/production, fuel-food-financial crisis, impacts of climate change, and the need for an integrated and

innovative approach and multi-stakeholder efforts towards long-term food security and mainstreaming food

security in ASEAN Community building process. The AIFS Framework aims to ensure long-term food security

and to improve the livelihoods of farmers in the ASEAN region.

AMS signed the

Agreement on ASEAN

Food Security Reserve

and agreed to

establish the ASEAN

Emergency Rice

Reserve (AERR)

The establishment of ASEAN Food

Security Information Systems

(AFSIS) approved by AMAF+3

covering the period of 2003-2007

Vientiane Action

Programme

(2004-2010)

adopted at 10th

ASEAN Summit

2nd

phase of AFSIS

endorsed by AMAF+3

covering the period

of 2008-2012

ASEAN Integrated Food

Security (AIFS) Framework

and Strategic Plan of

Action on Food Security

(SPA-FS) 2009-2013

adopted

ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Framework on Climate Change: Agriculture

and Forestry towards Food Security (AFCC) adopted

AMAF+3 formalized

ASEAN Plus Three

Emergency Rice

Reserve (APTERR)

Proposal for Post-2012 ASEAN Food Security Information System endorsed

AMAF+3 endorsed ASEAN Plus Three Comprehensive Strategy on Food Security and Bio-energy Development (APTCS-FSBD) and the Strategic Plan of Action on Food and Energy Security (SPA-FES) 2010-2013

1979 2004 2002

2009 2012 2011 2007 2010

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ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework comprises of four Components and supported by six

corresponding Strategic Thrusts as shown in the below diagram.

Figure 6 Components and Strategic Thrusts of ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework

The AIFS Framework and the SPA-FS covers the period of five years from 2009 to 2013. ASEAN Ministers on

Agriculture and Forestry (AMAF) in coordination with other relevant ASEAN Sectoral Bodies is accountable for

the overall implementation and monitoring. Relevant ASEAN Sectoral Working Groups under AMAF are tasked

to elaborate details and arrangement of the implementation of SPA-FS on areas of their competence as outlined

in the Matrix of SPA-FS (Please see Annex II).

Aiming towards effective implementation of the AIFS Framework and the SPA-FS, ASEAN embraced the

partnership and cooperation with regional Dialogue Partners and International Organizations and donor agencies.

Implementation progress shall be monitored, reviewed and reported to relevant stakeholders annually. The

ASEAN Secretariat shall review and monitor compliance of such implementation. The AIFS Framework and the

SPA-FS shall be reviewed periodically considering dynamic regional and global developments and evaluated

after the end of a five-year period in 2013.

Progress has been made on the implementation of ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework and the

Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security (SPA-FS) to ensure long-term food security and to improve the

livelihoods of farmers in the ASEAN region. ASEAN has commenced and strengthened partnership and

cooperation with Dialogue Partners, International Organizations and development agencies to support the

implementation of AIFS Framework and the SPA-FS. Some of the key ASEAN initiatives and cooperation

supporting four Components of AIFS Framework are listed below.

Component 1: Food Security Emergency/Shortage Relief

- ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR)

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Component 2: Sustainable Food Trade Development

- ASEAN Rice Trade Forum

Component 3: Integrated Food Security Information System

- ASEAN Food Security Information Systems

Component 4: Agri-Innovation

- ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Framework on Climate Change: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry towards

Food Security (AFCC)

- ASEAN Plus Three Comprehensive Strategy on Food Security and Bio-energy Development (APTCS-

FSBD)

- ASEAN German Programme on Response to Climate Change: Agriculture, Forestry and Related

Sectors (GAP-CC)

- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)s Rice Action Plan

V. ASEAN Biocontrol (ABC) for Sustainable Agrifood Systems and ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework

ASEAN Biocontrol for Sustainable Agrifood Systems is part of the ASEAN-German Programme on Response to

Climate Change: Agriculture, Forestry and Related Sectors (GAP-CC). This project is being executed by

ASEAN Secretariat and ASEAN Member States. It is commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for

Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and being implemented by German International Cooperation

(GIZ) and is hosted by the Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives in Thailand.

The project aims to support ASEAN to develop regionally coordinated policies and strategies addressing

sustainable agriculture and food production. The first phase covers the period of three years from 2011 2013

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with the overall objective to strengthen sustainable Agrifood Systems through the use of biocontrol agents

(BCA). The project activities focus on three components: harmonization, promotion of BCA and sustainable

Agrifood Systems and capacity development. The proposed outputs of each component are:

I Harmonization II Promotion of BCA and

Sustainable Agrifood Systems III Capacity Development

ASEAN Guidelines and Regulatory

Framework on the use of BCA and

other sustainable approaches in

agriculture

Record of regional & national

conferences on the application of BCA

and sustainable crop management

practices on sustainable Agrifood

system in ASEAN

Technical expert groups formed

and trained that discuss technical

issues related to sustainable

agrifood systems and elaborate

policy recommendations

Biocontrol Database Increased awareness of farmers,

government officials to promote the

application of BCA and sustainable

crop management practices on

sustainable Agrifood system, through

media and PR campaigns

Models for sustainable agrifood

systems implemented in

collaboration with private sector,

NGOs, development projects and

technical advisory services

Expert Groups at regional and

national levels

Common strategy on Sustainable

Agrifood Systems

Trained farmers on sustainable

crop management practices,

including application of BCA in

the above models

Table 4 Proposed outputs of ASEAN Biocontrol for Sustainable Agrifood Systems (first phase: 2011-2013)

ASEAN Biocontrol project objectives and activities shall also support the implementation ASEAN Integrated

Food Security Framework, particularly the Strategic Thrust 4: Promote sustainable food production.

Food security is a long-standing agenda for ASEAN as the leaders at the 14th ASEAN Summit in March 2009

pledged to embrace food security as a matter of permanent and high priority policy. As ASEAN has committed

to establish ASEAN Community by 2015, ensuring food security is one of the fundamental goals in ASEAN

Community building process as regarded in both ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint and ASEAN Socio-

Cultural Community Blueprint.

To better promote the implementation progress of ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework in ASEAN

Member States, it is important that policy makers and implementation officers have a well understanding of

AIFS Framework. ASEAN Biocontrol project proposed to support the dissemination of information on the AIFS

Framework in local languages in order to reach the audience more effectively and to further support the

integration of listed activities in the Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security (SPA-FS) into national action

plans of Member Countries emphasizing on Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV countries).

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VI. Process Management

Detailed description of activities, and indicators

Result: ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework is implemented in CLMV countries

Indicators: ASEAN Integrated Food Security Framework is translated up to 4 local languages in CLMV

countries; at least 5 of 34 listed activities in the Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security (SPA-FS) are regarded

in the national action plans.

Activity 1.1 Support the translation of AIFS Framework into local languages of CLMV countries

Description:

- Identify in CLMV countries suitable public partners responsible for the translation of AIFS Framework into

the local languages

- Organize a road show in CLMV countries to facilitate the translation of AIFS Framework into the local

languages

- Identify translators of the AIFS Framework and make available a draft translation of AIFS Framework

- Organize a workshop in CLMV countries to finalize a draft translation of AIFS Framework for

stakeholder/public consultation

- Follow up on the implementation of AIFS Framework that the official translation of AIFS Framework is

available

Activity 1.2 Support the integration of at least 5 out of 34 listed activities in the SPA-FS into national action

plans of CLMV countries

Description:

- Identify in CLMV countries suitable public partners responsible for providing inputs to the national action

plans on food security

- Organize a road show in CLMV countries to facilitate the integration of at least 5 out of 34 listed activities

in SPA-FS into national action plans

- Organize a workshop in CLMV countries to regard at least 5 out of 34 listed activities in SPA-FS into

national action plans

- Follow up on the implementation of AIFS Framework that at least 5 activities are regarded in the national

action plans

15

Implementation Timeline and Schedule

Table 5 Implementation Timeline

Implementation Timeline 2012 2013

J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework is implemented in CLMV countries

Activity 1.1 Support the translation of AIFS Framework into local languages

- Identify suitable public partners for the translation of AIFS Framework

- Organize a road show to facilitate the translation of AIFS Framework

- Identify translators of the AIFS Framework and make available a draft translation

- Draft translation is sent out to relevant bodies (working group)

- Organize a workshop to finalize a draft translation for stakeholder/ public

consultation

- Follow up: AIFS Framework translated and available

Activity 1.2 Support the integration of at least 5 out of 34 listed activities in the SPA-FS into national action plans

- Identify suitable public partners for providing inputs to the national action

plans on food security

- Organize a road show to facilitate the integration of at least 5 activities into

national action plans

- Organize a workshop to regard at least 5 activities into national action plans

- Follow up: at least 5 activities are regarded in the national action plans

16

Annex I: Appendix 1 COMPONENTS AND STRATEGIC THRUSTS OF ASEAN

INTEGRATED FOOD SECURITY (AIFS) FRAMEWORK

To achieve the goal in ensuring long-term food security in the ASEAN region, an ASEAN Integrated Food

Security (AIFS) Framework provides scope and joint pragmatic approaches for cooperation among ASEAN

Member States. The AIFS Framework comprises four components, which are distinctive but inter-related in

nature. The four components are Component 1: Food Security and Emergency/ Shortage Relief; Component

2: Sustainable Food Trade Development; Component 3: Integrated Food Security Information System; and

Component 4: Agricultural Innovation. The AIFS Frameworks Components are supported by six corresponding Strategic Thrusts, which appears in the Figure 1.

Figure 1: Components and Strategic Thrusts of ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework

Component 1: Food Security and Emergency/Shortage Relief The component aims at establishing a long-term mechanism for ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve. The component focuses on

strengthening national food security programmes/ initiatives, and development of a regional effective and

timely mechanism for supply of rice as food aid for emergency relief (food aid or grant) and/ or under

unusual market situation (grant or loan agreement). This core component is considered as the fundamental

part of the AIFS Framework.

Component 2: Sustainable Food Trade Development The component aims at developing a buffer mechanism to support fair/balanced food trade within the acceptable levels of food prices. The component

helps ensuring that due consideration is given to balancing domestic accessibility to food, intra and extra

regional food trade. Agreed criteria and conditions (i.e. high speculative food commodities such as rice,

cooking oil, sugar and maize) for the application apply. The experience drawn from the implementation of

EAERR project, particularly the application of TIER 1 and TIER 2 could be considered as a basis to

develop such a buffer mechanism.

17

Component 3: Integrated Food Security Information System The component aims at fast-tracking the current AFSIS project under an AMAF PLUS THREE initiative by establishing an information network on

food security among the Plus Three Countries to provide a sound and timely information on outlook and

surveillance report for food security policy planning, implementation and monitoring. In addition, other

elements include Early Warning Information System, Mutual Technical Cooperation and Preparation of

Commodity Outlook Reports. Provision and submission of timely and reliable data and information by all

countries concerned is considered a critical element for effective operation of this component. This will

enable the Integrated Food Security Information System to provide a basis for a regular monitoring and

surveillance system to the making of sound development planning and policy decision to address food

security and also the soaring food prices.

Component 4: Agricultural Innovation The component is a long-term plan aiming at formulating and implementing a regional comprehensive R&D plan, through public and private sector partnership, to

promote efficient and sustainable food production, food consumption, post-harvest practices & loss

reduction, marketing and trade. R&D areas, through priority setting, may include strengthening and

expanding agriculture cooperatives and farmers organisations, agri-business entrepreneurship particularly SMEs, intra-regional contract farming, etc. In addition, other supporting activities include building upon the

ASEAN Good Agriculture Practices (GAP), targeting at promoting sustainable agricultural practices with

due consideration on environmental concern. In this context, GAP could be used as a market tool adding

value to food and agriculture products, which in return could support sustainable food production and trade.

The key roles of the governments are to encourage success models, support R&D, technology transfer and

capacity building, and develop GAP certification scheme and its accreditation system.

18

Conceptual Diagram of ASEAN Integrated Food Security (AIFS) Framework

19

Annex II: Matrix of Strategic Plan of Action on Food Security in the ASEAN Region (SPA-FS) 2009 - 2013

Strategic Thrust 1: Strengthen food security arrangements.

Action Programme Activities Sub-activities Responsible

Bodies

Work

Schedule

1.1 Strengthen national food security

programmes/activities.

1.1.1 Promote diversification of food sources

and scale up community-based food security

initiatives.

1.1.1.1 Develop varieties of starch based

commodities such as yam, taro, cassava, etc.

1.1.1.2 Establish pilot projects on micro

enterprise in producing non rice flour products

and its derivatives products.

ASWGC

ACEDAC/

ASWGAC

2009-2013

1.1.2 Support capacity building to strengthen

national food security programmes, including

management of national food stockpiles,

planning of potential land use for agriculture,

and technical support for preparing national

food balance sheet.

1.1.2.1 Conduct training on food reserve

management for relevant stakeholders.

AMSs

AFSRB

2009-2013

1.1.3 Promoting exchange of information and

experiences among ASEAN Member States

through networking and regional consultations

in formulation and implementation of national

food security programmes/activities.

1.1.3.1 Review policy options and analyze

impacts on food security in the region.

1.1.3.2 Establish regional for among experts

to exchange view and experience in the

implementation of national food security

programmes/activities

AFSRB

AFSRB

EAERR pilot

project

2009-2013

1.1.4 Enhance food assistance programme for

the targeted vulnerable groups.

1.1.4.1 Identify the target vulnerable groups

of food security and mapping of food

insecurity in the region

AMSs 2009-2013

1.2 Develop regional food security

reserve initiatives and mechanisms.

1.2.1 Reinforce the ASEAN Food Security

Reserve Board (AFSRB) and its secretariat in

compilation, management and dissemination

of statistics and information on food and food

security as a basis for effective planning of

food production and trade within the region.

1.2.1.1 Establish and review stock release

mechanism on rice, maize, sugar and soybean.

1.2.1.2 Explore possibility of developing

guidelines for exchanging of food

commodities in terms of counter trade to

secure food requirements among the member

AFSRB

AFSRB

EAERR pilot

project

2009-2013

20

countries in case of emergency and/or food

insufficiency.

1.2.2 Support the establishment of a long-term

mechanism for ASEAN Plus Three

emergency rice reserve.

1.2.2.1 Support the extension of the East Asia

Emergency Rice Reserve (EAERR) pilot

project until a long-term mechanism be

established.

1.2.2.2 Explore the possibility to establish a

long-term mechanism for ASEAN Plus Three

Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR)

Project

Steering

Committee of

EAERR Pilot

Project

SOM-AMAF

EAERR Pilot

Project

SOM-AMAF

2009-2010

1.2.3 Conduct study on the possibility of

establishing an ASEAN Fund for Food

Security.

1.2.3.1 Explore possibility of establishing an

ASEAN Fund for Food Security and identify

potential financial sources.

ATFFS

SOM-AMAF

2009-2010

Strategic Thrust 2: Promote conducive food market and trade.


Bodies

Work

Schedule

2.1 Promote initiatives supporting

sustainable food trade.

2.1.1 Full compliance and implementation of

the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement

(ATIGA) provisions with respect to trade in

food products.

2.1.1.1 Monitor the compliance and

implementation of ATIGA.

SOM-AMAF

SEOM

2009-2013

2.1.2 Review and analyze international/

regional trade information, including prices,

quantities traded, distribution and logistics.

2.1.2.1 To conduct review and analysis of

international/regional trade information and

publish the results in AFSIS website.

SEOM

AFSRB

AFSIS project

2009-2013

Strategic Thrust 3: Strengthen integrated food security information systems to effectively forecast, plan and monitor supplies and utilization for basic food

commodities.


Bodies

Work

Schedule

21

3.1 Reinforce the ASEAN Food

Security Information System (AFSIS)

project towards a long-term mechanism.

3.1.1 Conduct a food security assessment and

identify underlying causes of food insecurity.

3.1.1.1 Analyze the state of food security and

recommend alternative solutions.

AFSIS project 2009-2013

3.1.2 Collect and periodically update

information on supply and demand/ utilization

for main food commodities such as rice, corn,

soybean, cassava and sugar, and maintain

food security related baseline data for each

Member State in a regional database.

3.1.2.1 Publish periodic outlook report of

commodity based on Member States situation and international trend of trade, price and

stock.

3.1.2.2 Regularly update national food

security data into AFSIS database.

AFSIS project

AFSIS project

2009-2013

3.1.3 Develop an early warning, monitoring

and surveillance information system as a basis

for sound development planning and policy

decision to address food security, including

sharp rise of food prices.

3.1.3.1 Publish periodic early warning

information report.

AFSIS project 2009-2013

Strategic Thrust 4: Promote sustainable food production.


Bodies

Work

Schedule

4.1 Improve agricultural infrastructure

development to secure production

system, minimize post-harvest losses,

and reduce transaction cost

4.1.1 Promote the development of supply

chain system in Member States through

establishing demonstrated models and sharing

knowledge

4.1.1.1 Conduct seminar and workshops to

build capacity on the efficient supply chain

management.

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

2009-2013

4.1.2 Conduct feasibility study on

development of potential land and irrigation in

the Member States for food production.

4.1.2.1 Study on irrigation systems, which are

appropriate for different conditions in the

region.

4.1.2.2 Explore the possibility of private

sector to invest on constructing irrigation

infrastructure.

4.1.2.3 Conduct workshop/ seminar to

exchange information on crop zoning.

ASWGC

SOM-AMAF

SOM-AMAF

ASWGC

2009-2013

4.1.3 Encourage initiatives/ supporting

systems for greater access to agricultural

4.1.3.1 Conduct workshops/ consultation to

develop strategies and initiatives to promote

ASWGC 2009-2013

22

inputs, particularly crops seeds, animal

breeds, agro-chemicals, and irrigation

facilities for food production in potential areas

of the region.

greater access to agricultural inputs.

4.2 Efficient utilization of resource potential for agricultural

development

4.2.1 Promote the optimization of utilization

of land and other natural resources for food

production.

4.2.1.1 Develop and share experiences on best

practices for land use planning and

optimization for regional and transnational

planning purposes.

4.2.1.2 Develop and share experiences on best

practices and technologies for sustainable

integrated water resources management.

4.2.1.3 Share experience on the effectiveness

of using existing irrigation schemes for food

production.

SOM-AMAF

ASWGC

ASWGC

4.2.2 Promote public and private sector

partnership to promote efficient and

sustainable food production, food

consumption, post-harvest practices and loss

reduction, marketing and trade.

4.2.2.1 Promote investing mechanized post-

production facilities e.g. drying facilities,

improved storage facilities, transportation

facilities, and other basic processing

equipment.

4.2.2.2 Conduct seminars/ workshops/

exchange visits to explore the possibility

of implementing public and private

sector partnership schemes such as the

Food Production Cluster Development

Concept (public and private sector

partnership that covers the whole supply

chain), the Permanent Food Production

Zone, etc.

4.2.2.3 Exchange information and experiences

on successes in the implementation of contract

farming.

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

4.2.3 Promote adoption and implementation 4.2.3.1 Establish/ strengthen national AMSs

23

of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in the

ASEAN region.

programmes on GAP.

4.2.3.2 Prepare guidelines for ASEAN

GAP for rice, maize, soybean, sugarcane and

cassava, and manual for product certification.

4.2.3.3 Undertake effective information

dissemination on ASEAN Good

Agricultural Practices (GAP) among the

Member States, e.g. translation of GAP

guidelines into national languages,

developing awareness and promotional

materials, through extension services,

etc.

ASWGC

ASWGFi

ASWGL

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

AWGATE

4.3 Promote agricultural innovation including research and development

on improving productivity and

agricultural production

4.3.1 Support initiatives to minimize

postharvest losses of main food products.

4.3.1.1 Study the post-harvest losses incurred

in each of the priority commodities and the

factors causing their losses.

4.3.1.2 Conduct R&D on measures to reduce

the losses identified and compile handbook on

recommended measures.

4.3.1.3 Develop government incentives to

encourage minimal post-harvest loss at

different stages of the supply chain.

ASWGC

ASWGFi

ASWGL

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

2009-2013

4.3.2 Promote research to improve

agricultural productivity and production.

4.3.2.1 Study/ analyze priority research

areas for improving agricultural productivity

and production

4.3.2.2 Conduct joint research among the

Member States and other organizations on

agricultural innovation aiming to improve

agricultural productivity and production.

ATWGARD

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

ATWGARD

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

2009-2013

4.3.3 Promote alternative approaches and

practices for sustainable food security.

4.3.3.1 Develop and exchange experiences in

integrated/ multiple farming systems.

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

2009-2013

24

4.3.4 Collaborate to implement IRRIs Rice Action Plan.

4.3.4.1 Implement technologies developed by

IRRI, e.g. better crop management practice.

4.3.4.2 Test the new rice varieties developed

by IRRI.

4.3.4.3 Train young scientists and researchers

at IRRI.

SOM-AMAF

AMSs

2009-2013

4.4 Promote closer collaboration to accelerate transfer and adoption of

new technologies

4.4.1 Promote the adoption of new

technologies.

4.4.1.1 Conduct collaborative training and

workshops to adopt new/ improved

technology in agricultural production, post-

harvest and processing activities.

ATWGARD

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

AWGATE

2009-2013

4.4.2 Promote collaborative research and

technology transfer in agricultural products.

4.4.2.1 Exchange of experiences in genetic

resources management on crops.

4.4.2.2. Conduct collaborative research

on developing products from underutilized

products

AWGATE

ASWGC

ASWGFi

ASWGL2009-

2013

ASWGC

ASWGFi

ASWGL

2009-2013

4.4.3 Strengthen regional networks of

agricultural research and development.

4.4.3.1 Conduct regular meetings and

exchange of experts on agricultural

R&D.

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

AWGATE

2009-2013

4.4.4 Support initiatives to promote greater

access to land and water resource, agricultural

inputs and capital, particularly among small-

scale farmers to support food production.

4.4.4.1 Exchange information on the best

practices for strengthening small-scale

farmers access to land and water resource, agricultural inputs and capital.

ASWGC

ACEDAC/

ASWGAC

2009-2013

4.4.5 Strengthen development of agricultural

cooperatives and farmers' organizations to

enhance their resilience.

4.4.5.1 Intensify meetings and exchange of

visits amongst farmer associations

/communities.

AWGATE

ASWGFi

ASWGC

ASWGL

ACEDAC/

ASWGAC

2009-2013

Strategic Thrust 5: Encourage greater investment in food and agro-based industry to enhance food security.

25


Bodies

Work

Schedule

5.1 Promote food and agro-based

industry development.

5.1.1 Encourage greater investment in food

and agro-based industry.

5.1.1.1 Identify needs and priority areas for

investment in food and agro-based industry.

5.1.1.2 Provide incentive schemes to

encourage private sector investment, e.g.

contract farming.

5.1.1.3 Facilitate intra-ASEAN investment to

secure food supply.

AMSs 2009-2013

5.1.2 Strengthen capacity building for

adoption of international standards for food

safety and quality assurance and certification

systems.

5.1.2.1 Provide technical assistance in food

safety standards to government officials, food

industries or other relevant stakeholders.

5.1.2.2 Provide technical assistance to obtain

international food safety laboratories

accreditation.

ACCFS

ACCSQ

AEGFS

ATFC

ASWGC

ASWGFi

ASWGL

2009-2013

Strategic Thrust 6: Identify and address emerging issues related to food security.


Bodies

Work

Schedule

6.1 Address the development of bio-

fuels with consideration on food

security.

6.1.1 Review status and trend of bio-fuels

development in the region and potential

impacts on food security

6.1.1.1 Study on socio-economic impacts of

bio-fuels production on food security.

SOM-AMAF 2009-2013

6.1.2 Develop collaboration with other

Sectoral Bodies, which handle the

development of bio-fuels.

6.1.2.1 Monitor the progress of bio-fuel

research and development.

SOM-AMAF

SOME

2009-2013

6.2 Address impacts of climate change

on food security.

6.2.1 Conduct study to identify possible

impacts of climate change on food security.

6.2.1.1 Establish ASEAN Forum on Climate

Change

SOM-AMAF

ASOF

Indonesia as

lead country

2009-2013

6.2.2 Identify measures to mitigate/adapt to

impacts of climate change on food security.

6.2.2.1 Establish ASEAN Networking on

Agricultural Vulnerability to Exceptional

Climate

SOM-AMAF

Indonesia as

lead country

2009-2013

6.2.3 Develop collaboration with other 6.2.3.1 Monitor the progress of impact SOM-AMAF 2009-2013

26

Sectoral Bodies, which address impact

mitigation and adaptation of climate change.

mitigation and adaptation of climate change. SOME

Notation

ACCFS ASEAN Coordinating Committee on Food Safety

ACCSQ ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards & Quality

ACEDAC/ASWGAC ASEAN Centre for the Development of Agricultural Cooperatives/ ASEAN Sectoral Working Group on Agricultural Cooperatives

AEGFS ASEAN Experts Group on Food Safety

AFSIS ASEAN Food Security Information System project

AFSRB ASEAN Food Security Reserve Board

ASWGFi ASEAN Sectoral Working Group on Fisheries

ASWGL ASEAN Sectoral Working Group on Livestock

ATFC ASEAN Task Force on CODEX

ATFFS Ad-Hoc ASEAN Task Force on Food Security

ATWGARD ASEAN Technical Working Group on Agricultural Research and Development

AWGATE ASEAN Sectoral Working Group on Agricultural Training and Extension

EAERR East Asia Emergency Rice Reserve

IRRI International Rice Research Institute

SEOM Senior Economic Officials Meeting

SOM-AMAF Senior Officials Meeting of the ASEAN Ministers on Agriculture and Forestry

Documents

AIFS Framework and ASEAN Biocontrol