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422

heck these construction and performance features

SHORT-LOG TRUCK and trailer made two 120-mile roundtrips daily. Load was equal to two average short-log loads.

MIXED STAND after thinning. A cruise of 6.5-acre tractoriginally showed 47% spruce, 39% Douglas fir, 14% hemlock.

Trees were selected for cutting on astand improvement basis. Dead or dyingtrees were marked as first priority forcutting, but the bulk of volume was madeup of damaged, defective, and over-crowded trees.

Trees were felled to facilitate straightuphill yarding whenever possible, butthis was not always practical because ofthe density of the stand—approximately100 trees per acre. Two men did thefelling and a third bucked the trees into18 - foot lengths. Cutting short logshelped to minimize damage to the resi-dual stand.

The yarder-loader was set up at fre-quent intervals along the road wherevera natural corridor through the stand wasavailable as a skidroad. Occasionally, afew trees were cut to keep the skidroadsstraight. Logs lying to one side of thenatural corridors were difficult to yardand required extra handling to reducedamage. The line was often "siwashed"around a stump or snag, or a snatch blockwas used to guide these logs into theskidroads. The block was fastened to atree with a double or triple wire strapattached to a cushion of cord-rubberbelting. Straps were separated and rivetedto the belting to distribute the pressure.This arrangement protected most greentrees from the girdling effect of the tautwires even during the sap peeling sea-son when trees are easily barked.

The yarder was guyed with one line toa stump or green tree on the upper sideof the road. A cord-rubber strap wasused to protect the green tree. Safetyinspectors of the Oregon State IndustrialAccident Commission were consulted onthis procedure, and tentative recommen-dations were to use two guylines fastenedto stumps rather than green trees.

A manual haulback was used for mostof • the yarding. The half-inch main linewas comparatively easy to handle goingdownhill and the work was facilitatedby using a 2-man relay team. Wheretopography was very abrupt or irregular,the loggers used a mechanical haulback.

Eliminates need of overheadwires and electrical trolleyOccupies much less space oncarriageReduced maintenance cost —eliminates brake bands andcomplicated transmissionassemblyEasy to installSpecial Filer & Stowellcontrol valveInstantaneous actionVariable speed controlNo creepExhaust in neutral positionVery little air needed to operateAir motor bearings all anti-frictionlong life accuracy insured byadjustments to bevel gear onIndex Shaft

Write or wire for Bulletin 301containing details on converting

your present set works.

Adjustable ratchet arms tocompensate for wearAir cushion to prevent shockto ratchet armAll moving parts designed forlong life — large shaft dia-meters to withstand shock ofturning logs on carriageSimple and strong design withbox section construction towithstand shock of beingaccidentally struck by log

COMPANY155 E. Becher_Street

Milwaukee 7, Wisconsin

FILER & STOWELL

AIR MOTOR set works

The most accurate setting andfastest receding Set Works onthe market. It combinessimplicity, depend-ability, durabilityand compactness.

Table 1—Total stand volume and volume removed per acre infeet, Scribner rule. (Basis—sample 1431 of 6.5 acres.)

Item Hemlock Spruce Douglas Fir Total

Volume before thinning 36,190 10,320 29,870 76,380Volume removed 4,196 1,778 5,591 11,565Per cent removed 5 2 6 13

This machine consisted of a chain sawpower unit equipped with a small drumwhich held 200 feet of 3/16-inch line.

A 4-man crew worked out best ; an en-gineer, one man unhooking and limbingat the landing, a choker setter, and afourth man located where he could relaysignals to the engineer and assist thechoker setter. This crew maintained ayarding and loading production rate of10,000 board feet per day.,

The same half-track unit and crewwere used for loading. A single truckwas used for hauling and made two120-mile round trips a day. This was a

EACH LOAD MAKES ITS ROAD... on Athey Logging Traks!

Your roughest logging trail becomes a superhighway for logswhen the loads roll in on Athey Logging Traks. These broadtracks lay their own roadway—over tire-ripping stumps, rocksand through bottomless bogs. Anywhere a Cat Diesel Tractor canoperate, Athey Logging Traks can carry a load.

Your Athey-Caterpillar Dealer can show you how LoggingTraks—on arches, wagons, or other portable equipment—cancarry profitable loads where there are no roads. Ask him forinformation or write direct.

Oa. Pi. II

tal volume was hauled in 18 truckloac;,The average load held 39 logs withvolume of 105 board feet per log4 total net scale of about 4100 board ft:

Total logging costs for the thinnir,trial were reasonable although yardir.and loading costs were high. Coststhousand board feet using current how:-wage rates were as follows:Falling and bucking S 5.:rYarding Loading Hauling 12.f,Miscellaneous

TotalMiscellaneous includes company r

gineering and supervision, truck Kulmaintenance, logging equipment rep 4dumping and rafting, payroll taxes ' 4:1insurance, depreciation, and general cipenses. These costs are for the most r,independent of the method ofused, but are included to show total lo: •ging costs at the mill.

Yarding costs were $1.58 higher tla-the average of three other operationsthe same area where thinning was do:.with horse and tractor. Higher costsbe attributed to steep slopes, frequr.shifting of equipment, special handlir.of logs, and manual haulback. The. ,costs do not seem unreasonable sin.they include the additional time requirv:to handle short logs; 18-foot logs WC

used in this study compared to maxim:740-foot lengths for the other thinniiv-

A time study was made to deterrnirhow yarding distance effects log pro&tion. The relationship (Table 2) shm:,that 1.3 man-hours are required rthousand board feet at a yarding distanof 100 feet compared to nearly 2.5 marhours at 300 feet, the maximum distan.-Yarding beyond this distance may npossible with greater drum capacity,l'5yarding time and tree damage will ho''increase and may prove limiting. Volu:7per turn, checker setting time, andhooking time remained constant regr.:les of distance.

Loading costs are slightly higher du'normal due to several factors. Spec'•rigging was required to unload the 900.pound trailer from the truck, thefirst had to be set to one side while t

-truck was loaded. It was then hitchto the truck and the .-nnvt•

short log truck towing a 4-wheel trailer.The combined load was equivalent totwo average short-log loads.

Nearly 12,000 board feet per acre or13% of the original stand was removedin the thinning operation (Table 1). To-

otarly normal if single-unit short-logtrucks were used, but hauling would hemore expensive. Hauling costs wereabout equal to long-log hauling costsfrom the same locality.

Damage to residual trees was light:onsidenng that yarding was done dur-ing the sap-peeling season. Damagedtrees were tallied after falling and buck-in g and again after yarding. Eighty-twoof the 533 remaining trees on the 6.5-acre study area were damaged: 31 byfalling and 51 by yarding. This damagerate of 15.4% compares favorably withan average of 23% for thinning withhorse and tractor on gentle slopes. Sixtyper cent of all injured trees had lessthan one square foot of bark removed. Byspecies, 20% of the residual hemlocktrees were damaged, 14% of the spruce,and 8% of the Douglas fir.

Although soil disturbance was notmeasured observations during and afterlogging showed very little exposed min-

• cral soil. Skidroads were closely spaced,and traffic on each was reduced to aminimum. The soil surface was heavilyoverlain with organic material, which3elped prevent soil damage. No erosion

i,rotilenis are anticipated.This trial shows that it is practical to

thin dense timber on steep ground belowexisting roads, and that the thinning can -he dune at a reasonable cost. The tech-niques and equipment used are suitablefor loggers with limited capital; and ifroads are rock surfaced, logging maycontinue through most of the wintermonths. ,•••

The success of this test is gaugedhrgely upon the amount of logging darn-.ige which occurred. The low damage isdue chiefly to the ability and desire ofthe logging crew to do a good job. Log-ging damage will continue to be a de-tiding factor in almost all thinnings andmust be given a great deal of considera-:ion in selecting equipment for the job,.-s well as in selecting and training therew.

294

110

A

too MO 220 /Go Roo

YARDING DISTANCE - FEET

EF FECTS of yarding distance on man-!• -. urs per 1000 board feet.

1111,1c inc 4

4r- *sz`...Astv:

The Insley Manufacturing. Corporation hasbeen manufacturing construction equipmentsince 1907. The Insley Line includes excavatorsand cranes, 5 to 30 ton capacity—crawler orrubber mounted. There's an Insley workingnear you loading logs.