AHSGE Section 3

Terms Section 3.1Colony – an area under the control of a distant

countryThe Spanish Century – a 100 year period that

began after 1492 in which Spain was the dominant power in the New World

America – name given to the New WorldConquistadors – Spanish adventurers and

conquerors in the New WorldSt. Augustine – fort built by the Spanish in

Florida to protect shipping and colonies in the Caribbean

The Spanish CenturyThe Spanish crown authorized for Columbus

to establish a colony.He colonized Hispaniola, present day Haiti

Wasn’t successfulGerman map maker named the New World

“America”Columbus wasn’t famousAmerigo Vespucci was famous

ConquistadorsMotivation was God, Glory, & GoldPonce de Leon – searched for a fountain of

youth in FloridaDe Soto – explored the southeastern section

of North America from Florida to TexasCoronado – explored the southwestCabrillo – explored the west coast as far

north as Oregon

St. AugustineAs gold & silver began to flow out of the

colonies to the Spanish treasury, other European nations began to want what Spain had.

Spain built a fort at St. Augustine, Florida to protect their ships in the Caribbean.

First permanent European settlement in U.S.

Terms Section 3.2Northwest Passage – a sea route around the top of

North America to the Far EastSamuel de Champlain – French explorer who founded

the colony of Quebec on the St. Lawrence RiverRobert LaSalle – French explorer who followed the

Mississippi River to its mouth and claimed the land drained be the river for France

Louisiana – land in the Mississippi River basin claimed by France

Iroquois – large group of Native Americans in the NorthJesuits – catholic missionaries from France to the North

American IndiansHuguenots – French Protestants who were forbidden to

emigrate to French colonies in North America

France in the New WorldThe first goal of other European nations was

to find a northern route around the Americas to the Far East.

Samuel de Champlain started the colony of Quebec on the St. Lawrence River.Became fur traders Weren’t interested in land

Robert LaSalle followed the MS River and claimed the land for the French.

Terms Section 3.3Netherlands – another name for HollandHenry Hudson – Dutch explorer who sailed

down the Hudson RiverNew Netherlands – Dutch colony in the Hudson

River ValleyDutch East India Company – company that

sponsored the Dutch colonies in AmericaNew York City – name given to New Amsterdam

when the British took over the colonyNew Amsterdam – a city in the Dutch colony of

New NetherlandsCultural diversity – many different kinds of

people with their own customs and languages

The Dutch in North AmericaNetherlands depended on trade for survivalBuilt the largest merchant fleet in EuropeDutch established trading posts on Manhattan

Island & in the Hudson River ValleyOffered large tracts of land to anyone who would

hire & transport 50 people to live on the land.Rules weren’t very strict b/c the goal was to get

as many people in the colony as possible.English would eventually take over the

Neterlands

Terms Section 3.4Sea dogs – English pirates that attacked Spanish

shipsThe lost colony – colony planted on Roanoke Island

in 1587 that disappeared before supplies arrivedJoint-Stock Company – a company that issued stock

to raise money for the its business venturesJamestown – first permanent English settlement in

North AmericaCaptain John Smith – military officer who helped the

Jamestown colony survive the first few yearsTobacco – crop grown by the Virginia colony to earn

profits for the companyIndentured Servants – people who worked for 5-7

years in exchange for passage to the colony

Terms Section 3.4House of Burgesses – the first

representative body in the English coloniesAnglican church – the church of England

that replaced the Catholic churchSeparatists – Protestants who wanted to

separate from the Anglican church b/c it was “too Catholic”

Mayflower Compact – agreement by members of the Plymouth colony to abide be the laws they made

The English in AmericaEngland found great wealth in raiding Spanish

shipsWanted to have a base in the colonies to attack the

Spanish from.Desire for an American base was what lead to the

first attempts at English colonies in North America.

First English colony in America was planted on Roanoke Island.Colony failed b/c supply ships were delayed by the

Spanish.Called the lost colony b/c nobody knows what

happened to any of the colonists

JamestownEngland established Jamestown.Early years were a disasterBuilt fort in swampy area, mosquitoes proved

deadly to colonistsColonists not used to physical labor

Didn’t find gold but did develop a pure kind of tobacco that proved golden.Required labor & land

Took land from Indians Imported indentured servants for labor

JamestownTo attract more people to the colony,

company began giving land to settlers.Gave settlers a voice in running the colony by

setting up the House of Burgesses.First ship of women and indentured servants

arrived in 1619.

Plymouth ColonySeparated from the Anglican churchCalled PilgrimsCame aboard the MayflowerDrew up the Mayflower Compact calling for

equal treatment and lawsLocal Indians helped separatists to grow food

giving rise to the modern holiday “Thanksgiving”

Terms Section 3.5Indigenous – people who are native or

original to an areaNative Americans – people who were already

in the Americas when Europeans arrivedIndians – name given to the indigenous people

that Columbus encountered in the CaribbeanDestabilization – terms that means to weaken

a society or peopleNomads – people who wander from place to

place with no permanent home

Native AmericansColumbus’ encounter w/ Native Americans

marked the beginning of the end of Indian tribes.European diseases destroyed native

populationsSpanish introduced horses

Became a symbol of wealth & power

Reasons for the Destabilization of Native American SocietiesHarsh treatmentMilitary conquestsForced laborEuropean diseases