Ahmed Refugees Fourth Draft

7/25/2019 Ahmed Refugees Fourth Draft

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Running head: SYRIAN REFUGEES IN EGYPT 1

Syrian refugees in Egypt: Probe!s and soutions

Ah!ed "a!dy

A!eri#an Uni$ersity in %airo


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SYRIAN REFUGEES IN EGYPT &

After the outbrea' of the Syrian re$oution that turned into a #i$i

(ar) the Syrian refugees started to *ee to neighboring #ountries i'e

+ordan) Tur'ey) ,ebanon) and Egypt- The nu!bers of Syrian refugees

registered (ith the United Nations "igh %o!!issioner for Refugees

.UN"%R/ in Egypt ha$e 0u!ped fro! 1& in 2e#e!ber &1& to134

in 2e#e!ber &15 .UN"%R) &13/- Syrian refugees #hose to #o!e to

Egypt be#ause of its (e#o!ing nature and o( #ost of i$ing- The !a0ority

of the Syrian refugees (ho entered Egypt before +uy &15 #a!e fro!

,ebanon) and they (ere fro! the !idde to upper #ass- They entered

Egypt (ithout $isa restri#tions- They (ere granted tourist $isa for three

!onths upon arri$a and these $isas (ere rene(ed easiy after that

.A'ra!) 6idinger) ,ang) "ites) 7u8!o$a 9 Noureddine) &13/- This

(e#o!ing at!osphere #hanged after the o$erthro( of president orsi in

+uy &15- The se$ere poari8ation of the Egyptian poiti#a s#ene and the

$oatiity of poiti#a situation !oti$ated !assi$e de!onstrations- These

de!onstrations ed to the ousting of President oha!ed orsi- In

response to the o$erthro( of orsi) usi! 6rotherhood and its

supporters organi8ed Rabaa sit;in as (e as pubi# raies to restore

president orsi ba#' to presiden#y- The parti#ipation of so!e Syrians in

these a#ti$ities !ade the ne( authorities in Egypt #onsider the! pro;

usi! 6rotherhood- In +uy &15) the te!porary president) Adi ansour)

de#ided that $isas and se#urity #earan#es ha$e to be issued for Syrians to

enter Egypt- The se#urity #earan#es are rarey issued< therefore) the

nu!bers of Syrian refugees (ho ha$e entered Egypt ha$e been

signi=#anty redu#ed sin#e +uy &15- This tough attitude of the Egyptian


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SYRIAN REFUGEES IN EGYPT 5

go$ern!ent (as a##o!panied by a furious !edia #a!paign against

Syrian refugees in Egypt .Ayoub 9 7haaf) &13/- This !edia #a!paign

has #reated a $ery unsafe and hostie en$iron!ent for the Syrian refugees

in Egypt by agitating the pubi# opinion in Egypt against the Syrian

refugees- %onse>uenty) this hostie at!osphere has a?e#ted the basi#

needs of the Syrian refugees in Egypt- The su?ering of the Syrian refugees

to a#>uire their basi# needs ha$e been represented in a 0oint needs

assess!ent (hi#h (as #ondu#ted by UN"%R in Septe!ber &15- The

assess!ent reied on persona inter$ie(s (ith @ Syrian refugees (ho

(ere see#ted rando!y fro! the data base of UN"%R of Syrian refugees

in Egypt- The assess!ent re$eaed that 3 per#ent of the fa!iies ha$e

#onsidered ea$ing Egypt) and 3B per#ent of those (ho ha$e #onsidered

ea$ing Egypt are doing so due to =nan#ia hardships- Cny 3B per#ent of

Syrian refugees in Egypt ha$e 0obs and saaries .UN"%R) &13/- Anaysis

of these nu!bers sho(s that the =nan#ia probe!s of the Syrian refugees

in Egypt are #osey #onne#ted (ith the diD#uties to and a 0ob- These

diD#uties e!erge fro! the &5 a( of abor- A##ording to &5 a( of

abor) a refugee has to pro$ide an Egyptian e!poyer as a sponsor and

pro$e non;#o!petition (ith the Egyptians as !andatory #onditions to

obtain a (or' per!it .A'ra! et a) &13/- The diD#uties fa#ing the Syrian

refugees in Egypt are not ony i!ited to 0ob opportunities) but aso to the

edu#ation pro#ess- Athough the Egyptian authorities re!ain ao( the

Syrian refugees a##ess to pubi# s#hoos) there are a ot of obsta#es that

fa#e the edu#ation pro#ess of the Syrians refugees in Egypt- A##ess to the

prepri!ary s#hoos) o$er #ro(ded #asses in the pubi# s#hoos) a##ent


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barriers bet(een Syrian students and Egyptian tea#hers) and unfa!iiar

Egyptian #urri#uu!s are so!e of the obsta#es that #rippe the edu#ation

pro#ess of the Syrian refugee students- A##ording to the 0oint needs

assess!ent) (hi#h (as organi8ed by the UN"%R in Septe!ber &15) ony

&4 per#ent of the fa!iies (ho their #hidren ha$e not attended to s#hoo

ha$e reated this to their =nan#ia hardships .UN"%R) &13/- Cther

reasons (ere inabiity to enro be#ause of nationaity or a#' of

pa#e!ent- So!e parents reported that they prefer to 'eep their

adoes#ent girs at ho!e instead of ao(ing the! to go to s#hoo be#ause

they fear for their se#urity during the 0ourney to and fro! s#hoo- A #oser

oo' to these nu!bers re$eas that se#urity issues are a !a0or obsta#e in

front of the Syrian refugees in Egypt to a##ess to the edu#ationa ser$i#es-

These edu#ationa hardships aongside the high une!poy!ent rates

!a'e the i$es of Syrian refugees in Egypt #o!pi#ated- This #haenging

situation of Syrians in Egypt re>uires #ooperati$e e?orts to hep integrate

the! !ore eD#ienty in the Egyptian #o!!unity- "eping the Syrian

refugees in Egypt to #reate their o(n businesses and estabishing Syrian

#o!!unity s#hoos (i be the starting point to dea (ith the #urrent

situation-

"eping the Syrian refugees to start their o(n business is the !ost

e?e#ti$e and fastest soution for their =nan#ia probe!s- Fa#ing a ot of

barriers to obtain a (or' per!its in addition to the high une!poy!ent

rates !a'e anding a 0ob in Egypt for a refugee a $ery #o!pi#ated !atter-

oreo$er) issuing a business per!it is a !u#h easier pro#ess than

obtaining a (or' per!it- A ot of Syrians in Egypt ha$e started their o(n


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businesses in the for! of s!a shops and restaurants- These pri$ate

businesses ha$e se#ured a good in#o!e for the o(ners of the businesses

in addition to a arge nu!ber of 0ob opportunities for Syrians and

Egyptians as (e- Estabishing pri$ate business for Syrian refugees is a

soution that (i be (e#o!ed by the Egyptian go$ern!ent) as it redu#es

its responsibiities to(ards the Syrian refugees- The NGCs) the Egyptian

go$ern!ent and the United Nations organi8ations shoud #oaborate to

i!pe!ent this soution by pro$iding the re>uired funds and te#hni#a

support- The re>uired funds shoud be ong ter! oans (ith no or o(

interest rates- These oans shoud be pro$ided ony to Syrians refugees

(ho (ant to start their o(n businesses in Egypt- The Egyptian

go$ern!ent shoud pro$ide the assistan#e for refugees regarding the

ad!inistrati$e and ega re>uire!ent for in$esting in Egypt- The NGCs

shoud pro$ide the =nan#ia eperts to hep the refugees #hoose the type

of business and the re>uired u!p su! to start it- The te#hni#a

eperien#e of these eperts and their #ontinuous support (i hep the

ne( businesses su##eed and *ourish-

The estabish!ent of Syrian #o!!unity s#hoos is an appropriate

soution for the edu#ation probe!s that Syrian refugees fa#e in Egypt-

Athough the Egyptian go$ern!ent has granted the Syrian refugees the

a##ess to pubi# s#hoos) this has not pro$ided a soution for the edu#ation

probe!- 6uiding Syrian #o!!unity s#hoos (i o$er#o!e a the

diD#uties that are #urrenty obstru#ting the edu#ation of the Syrian

refugees in Egypt- In these Syrian #o!!unity s#hoos) the tea#hers and

students (i be Syrians and the #urri#uu! (i be Egyptian pus etra


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SYRIAN REFUGEES IN EGYPT @

Syrian #ourse(or'- This soution is ad!inistrati$ey possibe after the

go$ern!ent of Egypt has per!itted it) & students in the #ity of @ thof

C#tober are #urrenty going to a Syrian #o!!unity s#hoo .A'ra! et a)

&13/- This s#hoo in Si of C#tober is the ony Syrian #o!!unity s#hoo in

Egypt- This su##essfu ea!pe needs to be repeated to en#ourage and

support the edu#ation of the Syrian refugees in Egypt- The estabish!ent

of the ne( Syrian #o!!unity s#hoos shoud be paned a##ording to

geographi#a prospe#ti$e< the nu!ber and the #apa#ities of the ne(

s#hoos in any Egyptian go$ernorate shoud be ao#ated a##ording to the

nu!bers of Syrian refugees in this go$ernorate- Fund raising #a!paigns

!anaged by NGCs) #harity organi8ations and Egyptian go$ern!ent (i

pro$ide the re>uired funds for this huge pro0e#t- This fund raising

#a!paigns #oud use the !edia and so#ia net(or's as !eans to pro!ote

the Syrian #o!!unity s#hoos idea- A #ertain u!p su! #oud be sit and

announ#e as the =rst stage target and share the updates (ith the donors

#ontinuousy- This (i en#ourage the donors as they see that the target is

getting #oser and #oser- %hoosing appropriate o#ations are as i!portant

as the funds for the su##ess of this Syrian #o!!unity s#hoos- The

o#ations of the s#hoos #oud be at the distri#ts of high #on#entrations of

Syrian refugees- This #oud !a'e the 0ourney to and fro! s#hoo (ithin

the sa!e neighborhood that the student i$es in< therefore) a ot of the

se#urity issues reated to this 0ourney (i be ei!inated- The Syrian

#o!!unity inside the s#hoo (i !a'e parents ess anious to send their

girs to the s#hoos) and (i de#rease fearing of $ioen#e and se#urity

issues- This 'ind of soution #oud o$er#o!e the a##ent barriers bet(een


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SYRIAN REFUGEES IN EGYPT

Syrian students and Egyptian tea#hers) and this soution #an aso #o$er

the di?eren#es bet(een Egyptian and Syrian #urri#uu!s< as the students

(i ta'e their edu#ation fro! Syrian tea#hers (hi#h (i fa#iitate the

#o!!uni#ation bet(een the student and the tea#her- Cn the other hand)

buiding Syrian #o!!unity s#hoos see!s to isoate the Syrian refugees

fro! their surrounding Egyptian #o!!unity- This #oud be the !a0or

disad$antage of this soution- Anay8ing this soution fro! another ange

#oud pro$ide us (ith opposite resuts- 6uiding the Syrian #o!!unity

s#hoos (i et Syrian refugees in Egypt a#>uire a basi# need to !aintain

their eisten#e in the Egyptian #o!!unity- ithout a##ess to edu#ation)

Syrian refugees #oud #onsider ea$ing Egypt to other #ountries- 6y

appying this soution) i$es of Syrian refugees in Egypt (oud be !u#h

easier) and this s#hoos #oud be !erged and a##ept Egyptian students

aso in the future- This (i hep to integrate Syrian refugees into the

Egyptian #o!!unity in the near future- The Syrian #o!!unity s#hoos (i

!a'e the #hidren !ore #o!fortabe in a !u#h fa!iiar en$iron!ent and

(i redu#e the fear of the Syrian fa!iies o$er the se#urity of their

#hidren (ho go to s#hoos-

The estabish!ent of pri$ate businesses for Syrian refugees and

Syrian #o!!unity s#hoos (i !a'e the integration of the Syrian refugees

into the Egyptian so#iety easier- 6y estabishing their pri$ate business)

Syrian refugees (i o$er#o!e the probe!s that fa#e the! on the

e#ono!i# e$e if the proper fund #oud be raised- anaging their pri$ate

business in the Egyptian #o!!unity (i not ony hep the Syrian refugees


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SYRIAN REFUGEES IN EGYPT B

(ith their =nan#ia needs) but aso (i hep to integrate the! to the

Egyptian so#iety in the near future- The ne( Syrian #o!!unity s#hoos

(i fa#iitate the adaptation of the Syrians refugee students to the

Egyptian #urri#uu!s and (i re!o$e a ot of the se#urity #on#erns- These

ad$antages (i !a'e the edu#ation pro#ess feasibe for Syrian #hidren in

this stage) and in the near future these s#hoos #oud pro$ide its ser$i#es

to both Syrian and Egyptian students-

References

Ayoub) -) 9 7haaf) S- .&13/- Syrian Refugees in Egypt: Challenges of a

Politically Changing Environment. %airo: A!eri#an Uni$ersity in

%airo %enter for igration and Refugee Studies- Retrie$ed fro!

http:HHs#hoos-au#egypt-eduHGAPPH#!rsH2o#u!entsHFinaSyrian

J&refugees-pdf

A'ra!) S-) -) 6idinger) S-) ,ang) A-) "ites) 2-) 7u8!o$a) Y-) 9 Noureddine) E-

.&13/- Protecting Syrian Refugees: Laws, Policies, and Gloal

Responsiility Sharing- 6oston) assa#husetts: 6oston Uni$ersity

S#hoo of ,a(- Retrie$ed fro!

https:HH(((-bu-eduHa(H#entraH0dHprogra!sH#ini#sHinternationa;

hu!an;rightsHdo#u!entsHFINA,FuReport-pdf

United Nations "igh %o!!issioner of Refugees .UN"%R/) .&13/- !"#$

Syria Regional Response Plan: Strategic %verview- Retrie$ed


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SYRIAN REFUGEES IN EGYPT

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Ahmed Refugees Fourth Draft