Ahmed Alharthi April 25, 2014 UCCS

Ahmed- Master's Project Report 1

Ahmed AlharthiApril 25, 2014

UCCSMaster’s Project Report

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Methodology for Choosing Datacenter for Cloud Providers in West Africa Region


Introduction

Why Africa

The proposed Methodology

Selection Results

Conclusion / Future Work

References

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Agenda


Research and process for selecting the best location to build data centers for cloud providers in West Africa.

Main Considerations: Network performance, Costs, Submarine cables

Other factors : Environmental, Economical and Politics stabilities.

Introduction

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Lack of information regarding to data centers in Africa.

Demand of the services

Globalizations moment

Cloud provider numbers

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Problems

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Cloud providers


McConnell A., Parr G.P., Mc Clean S.I., Khan, K [38]

Khosrow Ebrahimi, Gerard F. Jones, and Amy S. Fleischer [11]

In terms of Africa’s network connectivity, M. Zennaro, E. Canessa, K.R. Sreenivasan , A.A. Rehmatullah and R.L. [12]

Sanjay M. Parekh, Robert B. Friedman, Neal K. Tibrewala, and Benjamin Lutch [28]

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Related Work


Number of data centers

Why Africa ?

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Number of Data centre around the world

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Why Africa ?


Growing demand

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Why Africa ?


Africa Submarine cables

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Why Africa ?


Geographical & Climate Characteristics of the region

Climate & topography of the continent Tornados & Hurricanes & Tsunami Earthquake Politic Systems on the region Economic Status

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Why Africa ?


Intel Considerations are : WAN infrastructure availability of water for cooling Also, costs

workforce, water, power or landscape.

HP Considerations are : size, price and geographical quality of the land, the availability of power and communication network in the region. Cost of Operations [ electricity, water, network access, Free cooling]

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The Proposed Methodology


Methodology is mix of Intel , HP and IBM approaches

Main considerations :◦ Costs of Powering, Cooling and landscape. ◦ Communication network and their capabilities.

Secondary considerations : Politics status Geographical & Climate location Submarine cables Economy

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Decision Process

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Senegal, Guinea, Liberia, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Cameron, Cote d'ivoire, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Namibia.

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Network measurements

Latency

Round Trip Time

Packet loss

Bandwidth

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Network measurements

Amazon Linux AMI 2014.03.1 machines In Singapore, Sydney and Sao Paulo

Linux commands : Ping and Traceroute

Tool used : Nmap ( Network mapper) Visual route

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Network measurements from North America

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Ghana South Africa Senegal Nigeria 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

23 27 30 27

220

265

182 182

Latecny RTT

Country Latency Round trip time Packet loss Number of Hops

Ghana 197.253.65.36 23 ms 220 ms 10 % 17

South Africa 41.74.178.82 27 ms 265 ms 0% 20

Senegal 41.83.255.255 30 ms 182 ms 0% 17

Nigeria 41.222.211.58 27 ms 182 ms 0% 18


Network measurements from East Asia (Singapore)

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Country Latency Round trip time

Packet loss Number of Hops

Ghana 197.253.65.36 28 ms 270 ms 0% 12

South Africa 41.74.178.82 48 ms 476 ms 0% 20Senegal 41.83.255.255 24 ms 236 ms 0% 13Nigeria 41.222.211.58 27 ms 274 ms 0% 19


50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2848

24 27

270

476

236

274

RTT Latency


Network measurements from East Asia (Sydney)

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Country Latency Round trip time Packet loss Number of Hops

Ghana 197.253.65.36 44 ms 440 ms 0% 17



100

200

300

400

500

600

44 44 42 42

440

493

428448

Latency RTT


Network measurements from South America (Brazil)

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Country Latency Round trip time Packet loss Number of HopsGhana 197.253.65.36 30 ms 312 ms 0% 14


Ghana South Africa 4 Senegal Nigeria 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

30 36 31 32

312

343

281297

Latency RTT


[aalharth@walrus cs701]$ ping -c 10 197.253.65.36 PING 197.253.65.36 (197.253.65.36) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=1 ttl=43 time=981

ms 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=2 ttl=43 time=983








ms --- 197.253.65.36 ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 9 received, 10% packet loss, time

8997ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 960.481/975.940/1003.880/11.900

ms, pipe 2

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The Proposed Methodology Ghana Observation

core4.LDN-London.as6453.net

Goes to WASC submarine cables

TATA


Estimating the Coast of Space, Cooling and Powering Data center

Estimation based on HP “Cost model for planning, development and operation of a data center”

Assumptions Facility size is 30000 sq ft 10 MW datacenter

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Cost of Space

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Country Average rent (per sq ft)

Lagos, Nigeria

$6.48 – 8.00

Accra, Ghana

$5.7-10.5

Dakar, Senegal

$ 5.5 – 9.5

Cape Town, South Africa

$ 10 - 14

Lagos, Nigeria Accra, Ghana Dakar, Senegal Cape Town, SA

$36

$41 $38

$60

Space Cost / sqft


Cost of Power delivery

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Country

Rate/sqft / Unit

Lagos, Nigeria

$ 0.072/ft

Accra, Ghana

$ 0.115 /ft

Dakar, Senegal

$0.151 /ft

Cape Town, SA

$ 0.172


$0.07

$0.12

$0.15

$0.17

Cost of Power /sqft


Cost of Cooling

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Country

Rate / sqft

Lagos, Nigeria

$0.017/ft

Accra, Ghana

0.030/ft

Dakar, Senegal

0.040/ft

Cape Town, SA

0.047/ft


$0.02

$0.03

$0.04

$0.05

Cooling Cost / sqft


Total cost

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$36.44

$41.15

$37.44

$60.22

Total Cost /sq ft


Country Nigeria Senegal South Africa

Ghana

North America

1 1 4 3

Singapore 2 1 4 3

Sydney 2 1 4 3

Brazil 2 1 4 3

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Selection ResultsRanking the country based on RTT


Bandwidth

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Selection Results

Ghana Nigieria Senegal South Africa0

50

100

150

200

250

300

MaxMin

Country

Bandw

idth

KB

/s


Total Space, Power and Cooling costs

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Selection Results


$36.44

$41.15 $37.44

$60.22

Total Cost /sq ft


Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa are the ideal locations to host data center for cloud provider.

Nigeria has the most suitable features to host one. Africa has a good opportunity to host datacenter for

a cloud provide. Costs of datacenter may be vary from city to other

one.

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Conclusion


Relevant criteria to select the best location of data center for a cloud provider should be identified.

The data gathered from latency, round trip time and bandwidth should be gained from relevant data center of a cloud provider in real world.

review Ping and trace utility data multiple time in different times.

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Future Work


Amazon Web Services. (2014). Global Infrastructure. Retrieved from http://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/globalinfrastructure/

Rath, John. DATA CENTER SITE SELECTION. Tech. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. "BlackSwan Zine." Data Center: 10 Places You Don’t Want to Build. Blackswanzine, 2010. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. [4] Chang, Shin-Jyh Frank, Susmit Harihar Patel, and James Marc Withers. "An optimization model to determine data

center locations for the army enterprise."Military Communications Conference, 2007. MILCOM 2007. IEEE. IEEE, 2007. [5] Hugos, M. H., & Hulitzky, D. (2011). Business in the cloud: What every business needs to know about cloud

computing. New York: Wiley. [6] Lanier, J. (2013). Who owns the future?. London: Allen Lane. [7] Wang, L. (2012). Cloud computing: Methodology, systems, and applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. [8] Agrawal, G. P. (2010). Fiber-optic communication systems (Vol. 222). John Wiley & Sons. [9] "How to Meet a Growing Need for More Data Center Capacity."Http://www.ibm.com/us/en/. IBM, Sept. 2012. Web. Oct.

2013. [10] Nozick, Linda K., and Mark A. Turnquist. "A two-echelon inventory allocation and distribution center location

analysis." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 37.6 (2001): 425-441. [11] Ebrahimi, Khosrow, Gerard F. Jones, and Amy S. Fleischer. "A review of data center cooling technology, operating

conditions and the corresponding low-grade waste heat recovery opportunities." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 31 (2014): 622-638.

[12] Zennaro, M., et al. "Scientific Measure of Africa's Connectivity." Information Technologies & International Development 3.1 (2006).

[13] Nozick, Linda K., and Mark A. Turnquist. "A two-echelon inventory allocation and distribution center location analysis." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 37.6 (2001): 425-441.

[14] Cloud Computing in Africa Situation and Perspectives. Tech. ITU, 20 Apr. 2012. Web. Feb.-Mar. 2014. [15] Data Center Map." - Colocation, Cloud, Managed Hosting Etc. N.p., n.d. Web. Mar. 2014.

<http://www.datacentermap.com/>. [16] Submarine Telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT. Rep. Terabit Consulting, 2013. Web. [17] African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania. African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania. Web. 15 Feb.

2014. [18] Pappa, Farrah. "The Do's and Dont's of Data Center Planning." The Do's and Dont's of Data Center Planning. Web. 15

Feb. 2014. [19] Map of Earthquakes Today." Map of Earthquakes Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. [20] Earthquakes .Web. Feb. 2014. <Earthquake Hazards Program>.

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References


[21] P&S. "Tsunami Strikes African Coast." Tsunami Strikes African Coast. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. [22] "Nigeria Economy Set to Leapfrog South Africa on Data Revamp."Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 7

May 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. [23] Nigeria. Official Website. Web. Feb. 2014. <http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/index.php>. [24] "Selecting A Data Center Site: Intel's Approach." N.p., Feb. 2014. Web. Feb. 2014.

<http://connectedsocialmedia.com/intel/7426/it-best-practices-data-center-site-selection/> [25] Selecting a Location for an HPC Data Centre. Tech. N.p.: n.p., 2013. Web.

<http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.prace-project.eu/IMG/pdf/hpc-centre-location-whitepaper-2.pdf>.

[26] "Africa’s International Bandwidth Growth to Lead the World." Africa's International Bandwidth Growth to Lead the World. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014.

[27] Hurricanes VS Tornadoes. Diffen, n.d. Web. Mar. 2014. [28] Parekh, Sanjay M., et al. "Systems and methods for determining collecting and using geographic

locations of Internet users." U.S. Patent No. 6,757,740. 29 Jun. 2004. [29] Nmap Free Security Scannar. Web. Jan. 2014. <http://nmap.org/>. [30] TATA, n.d. Web. Apr. 2014. <http://lg.as6453.net/bin/lg.cgi>. [31] Patel, Chandrakant D., and Amip J. Shah. "Cost model for planning, development and operation of

a data center." (2005). [32] "Nigeria Becomes Africa's Biggest Economy." BBC. N.p., 06 Apr. 2014. Web. 06 Apr. 2014.

<www.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-26913497%E2%80%8E>. [33] "Cloud Uptake Set to Explode Across Africa." Cisco. Web. 26 Mar. 2014.

<http://www.cisco.com/web/ZA/press/2013/112813.html>. [34] Hanson, Stephanie. "Nigeria’s Creaky Political System." Council on Foreign Relations, Apr. 2007.

Web. <http://www.cfr.org/nigeria/nigerias-creaky-political-system/p13079>. [35] "Top 10 Internet Countries in Africa." PC Tech Magazine. N.p., Feb. 2014. Web. Apr. 2014.

<http://pctechmag.com/2014/02/top-10-internet-countries-in-africa/>. [36] "Political System." Wikipedia. Web. Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_system>. [37] "GLOBAL BROADBAND." Netindex. N.p., n.d. Web. Feb. 2014. <www.netindex.com>. [38] McConnell, A., et al. "Selecting a Data C based Location."

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References

Documents

Ahmed Alharthi April 25, 2014 UCCS