A&HB 3313. SKILLS FOR YOUR GROUP PROJECT: LITERACY, Pubmed , Endnote, Basic Statistics

A&HB 3313.SKILLS FOR YOUR GROUP PROJECT:

LITERACY, PUBMED,

ENDNOTE, BASIC STATISTICS.

Miranda Grounds and Hannah Radley

Searching for scientific literature.

A&HB 3313 Hannah Radley

2

Scientific literature is vital – text books, book chapters, journal articles or conference abstracts.

PubMed UWA library - online access and

hardcopies. Google Scholar Ask academic consultants – homepages,

re-prints.

PubMed


3

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/

PubMed is a search engine you can use to access scientific journal articles on-line (biological and medical).

Journal articles are not free, it is necessary to use a UWA computer the access the journals.

TASK #1 – Search for articles relevant to your project.

- Academic consultant, Miranda Grounds or me.

EndNote


4

http://www.endnote.com/ EndNote is an excellent referencing

programme that allows you to create a library of journal articles inserts citations and automatically create bibliography.

All computers in G.03 have Endnote 11installed on them. Also, students are entitled to have endnote installed on their personal computers. They can download the installer by going to https://software.webservices.uwa.edu.au/Login.aspx

How to make an EndNote library


5

Open EndNote Create new library Save Manually insert reference

OR

Tools Connect PubMed 3 windows – Library, Search window,

search results. Search for article in PubMed through

EndNote. Move search result in EndNote into library

highlight article Copy all references to.

Endnote and Microsoft Word


6

Open you word document. Open your endnote library (Office 2007 – Add Ins, Office 2003 – endnote

toolbar).

Highly recommend turn off ‘Cite while you write’.

Highlight the appropriate reference in the library. Insert citation {Radley, 2008 #library}.

When document is complete you can choose a referencing style and create the bibliography updates citation in text and creates bibliography at end of the document.

Endnote - TASK #2


7

Practice the following:- Create a new library and import a

citation- Manually insert a reference into your

library. - Put a citation into a word document. - Create a bibliography in word. - Un-format and re-format your document - Examine different output styles –

Author/Date or one specific to a particular journal.

Projects - Planning


8

Page 16 – 21 in handbook (orange sheets).

Group project outline due by 9am on Wednesday 18th March.

Designate tasks among group members. Plan ahead – book time in CELLCentral

and with your supervisors. Image capture and analysis can be time

consuming.

Projects – Experimental


9

Experimental Design: - Sample populations : age & sex matched. - N (number of animals, tissue sections).- Appropriate controls.- Fixation and preparation. - What are you testing and how will you measure

it?

In the lab: - Accurate, consistent (reduce variation). - Label everything. - Write everything down as you go (methods).

A B

Figure 1. ChAT (Choline-acetyl transferase) positive neurons in coronal sections through the basal forebrain (indicated by arrow symbol). There is an increase in both the number of positive neurons and staining intensity in B – wildtype male mice in comparison to A- hypogonadal male mice. Scale bar represents 50um for both images.

Projects – Descriptive result. TASK #3.

Eleanor Drummond 2008.

Projects – Results and statistics


11

Descriptive statistics – mean, mode, median.

Average of ‘test’ group vs average of ‘control’ group.

Group Avg

Test 6.14

Control 9.61

10

2

4

6

8

10

12

Test

Control

Fact

or



12

10

2

4

6

8

10

12

Test

Control

Fact

or

Group

A B C D E F G H Avg St Dev

Test 5.2 6.2 7.8 5.2 4.8 7.2 5.6 7.1 6.14 1.11

Control

8.8 9.6 8.9 10.1 10.8 10.3 8.9 9.5 9.61 0.73

Data set has low variation (small standard deviation)



13

Group A B C D E F G H Avg StDev

Test 7.2 3.2 10.8 2.2 7.8 5.2 9.6 3.1 6.14 3.20

Control 11.8 6.4 12.9 6.5 12.8 9.3 9.9 7.3 9.61 2.53

10

2

4

6

8

10

12

Test

Control

Fact

or

Variation within groups is very important

Data set has high variation (large standard deviation)

Difference between groups is less convincing.


14

Are the groups significantly different (difference did not

occur by chance)? - T-test = difference between the means of 2 groups

(P<0.05). - Anova = compare multiple groups (assumptions, post

hoc tests)

- Standard deviation – How much variation there is in the sample group – the spread away from the mean.

- Standard Error – SD adjusted for sample size


A&HB 3313 Hannah Radley15

Graph and caption – TASK #4.

AA

B

* B

B

C *

Figure 1. Final bodyweights of 24 week old male C57Bl/10 and mdx mice. There is a significant (*) increase in bodyweight of both C57Bl/10 and mdx mice after consuming a high fat diet (P<0.05). Bars represent standard error and n = 8 mice per group. A,B,C denotes significant difference between groups, groups with different letters are significantly different from each other.

Projects – Report & seminar


16

Abstract (200 words – summary) Introduction (literature review – citations

in text) Methods (including statistical method) Results (all graphs and pics labelled

appropriately) Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References – use EndNote


17

No lecture on Monday March 30th – all covered in today’s tute.

Documents

A&HB 3313. SKILLS FOR YOUR GROUP PROJECT: LITERACY, Pubmed , Endnote, Basic Statistics