Agrometeorology Agrometeorology Florence 2016.pdf · 3 pages definition in “Applied Agrometeorology” edited by K. Stigter. An interdisciplinary holistic science bridging together

"CLIMATE, AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY: A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE"

Agrometeorology Activities at the European and COST level

"CLIMATE, AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY: A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE" Florence, IT 24.10.2016

Pavol Nejedlik

AGROMETEOROLOGY - DEFINITIONS  Branch of meteorology dealing with agriculture

  Study of use of weather and climate information to enhance or expand agricultural crops and/or to increase crop production

 Science investigating the meteorological, climatologic and hydrologic conditions which are significant for agriculture owing to their interaction with the objects and processes of agricultural production


3 pages definition in “Applied Agrometeorology” edited by K. Stigter

An interdisciplinary holistic science bridging together physical and biological science it has numerous applications in agriculture, resource utilization and management. (Mavi & Trupper, Agrometeorology, 2004)


AGROMETEOROLOGY

90% of Egypt is desert or semi-arid land. The flooding of the Nile River was benign, predictable, and timely. The annual inundation of the River Nile enabled irrigation possible surrounding the banks of the Nile river, an otherwise barren desert region.

The development of irrigation systems in Mesopotamia and Egypt between 4000 BC and 2000 BC, and large-scale work on the construction of canals, outfalls, and flood pools stimulated the emergence of exact sciences.

Starting period of agrometeorology – irrigation systems in Egypt and Mesopotamia



Agrometeorology as a science in Europe

First “agrometeorological model” - Reaumur (1735) : “Differences between years and locations in date of phenological events could be explained by differences in daily temperatures from arbitrary dates to the phenological event considered”. He proposed that plant development is proportional to the sum of temperature over the time rather than to temperature during the phenological phase itself (degree day concept).

Academia dei Georgofili 1753

Sir John Stuart Forbes of Pitsligo 1804-56


“The facts (about temperature) are all important in the estimate of the effects of temperature upon vegetation, and give a new and practical direction to our observation in the science of meteorology as applicable to agricultural produce”.

AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY as a science discipline


CAP-EU AGRICULTURAL POLICY – RECENT DECADES

CAP principles: market unity, community preference and financial solidarity (1962)

The crisis years I: regulation of the market, to promote professional ability of farmers 1970s The crisis years II: EU self-sufficiency in food products, environmental sustainability of agriculture, disorder 1980s in the market with agricultural commodities

The 1992 reform: ("MacSharry reform"), to improve the competitiveness of EU agriculture, agri-environment programme Agenda 2000, Reform 2003: more market orientation, integration of environmental concerns, enhancing the competitiveness of the farm sector, sustainable agriculture

The CAP post-2013: more sustainable EU agriculture, more targeted and equitable direct payments


Path of European Agrometeorology within CAP

National activities

JRC

COST Technological development,

practical applications

Monitoring at continental scale, MARS, EDO

Scientific co-operation, technological improvement,

transfer of technologies

WMO (CAgM) – DMCSSEE, RA VI


National activities in Agrometeorology

Theoretical and monitoring advancement

Penman-Monteith equation

(1965)

`School of de Wit in modelling (1965)

Remote sensing introduction

BACROS, SUCROS, WOFOST, MACROS

Technological development, practical application

Decision support

Yield forecasting

Land zonation

Automatic irrigation systems

Adverse weather warning&protection

systems

Support to developing countries

Rene Dumont, Kees Stigter


Agrometeorology in JRC – main products

Monitoring

Agriculture

Remote Sensing

Agricultural Monitoring Crop Yield Forecasting Global Food Security Agricultural Biodiversity Rural Development Climate Change Earth Observation

-Started in 1988 as an support instrument for CAP of the EU -Since 1993 technical support services to DG Agriculture and Member-States -Since 2000, the expertise in crop yields has been applied outside the EU


Agrometeorology in JRC – main products

European

Drought

Observation

EDO INDICATORs Combined Drought Indicator Daily Soil Moisture Daily Soil Moisture Anomaly Forecasted Soil Moisture Anomaly SPI at SYNOP stations interpolated Snowpack Indicator Vegetation Productivity Vegetation Productivity Anomaly

-First interoperability arrangements for EDO in 2010 -European Media Monitor -Time-series over Europe

Maps of Current Droughts in Europe 1st ten-day period of October 2016


Agrometeorology in COST – COST Actions

C

O-operation in

Science and

Technology

Phase 1 Intergovernmental agreement – 1971

Phase 2 At the EC/DG research/ - 19...eighties

Phase 3 At the ESF 2004-13, supported by EC

Phase 4 2013 => legal body, supported by EC

COST is still functioning as an intergovernmental agreement closely cooperating with the EC

1 instrument A C T I O N


Agrometeorology in COST – Agrometeorological Actions Meteorology in COST– success stories Action 70 on weather forecast => ECMWF Action 725 on Phenology => European phenological database

Actions dealing with Agrometeorology Action 77 Action 79 Action 711 Action 718 Action 725 Action 734 Action ES1106

2 new proposals for Actions concerning Agrometeorology: CROP RISK, Drought Monitoring Virtual Centre for Central Europe


COST 711 Operational applications of meteorology to agriculture, including horticulture

Duration 1994-1998, 17 participating countries

Objectives: to achieve major economic benefits by the better utilization of the simulation and understanding atmospheric processes in operational weather services

COST 77 Application of remote sensing in agrometeorology


Objectives: to develop methods utilizing remote sensing data for predicting microclimate and plant characteristics in agriculture


COST 79 Integration of data and methods in agroclimatology


Objectives: availability of data and models and by what ways they can be integrated in a synergy for practical use Topics and results: -Inventory of International Meteorological Databases for Assessing Agroclimatic Conditions in Europe - Comparison of several Interpolation Methods of Meteorological Data -Phenological Observations and Data for Key Agricultural Crops


COST 718 METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE

Duration 2000-2005, 21 participating countries +WMO+JRC+FAO Objective: to improve the meteorological applications to agriculture and environment protection identifying and defining the requirement in terms of scale and time resolution and end-users' needs Main results: -Use of Meteorological Information from Different Sources as Input in Agrometeorological Models (guide) -Practical comparisons of the skill of numerical weather models at local scale -Climatic Analysis and Mapping In Agriculture -Evaluation of Irrigation and Pest and Disease Models


COST 725 - PEP Establishing a European Phenological Data Platform for Climatological Applications

Duration 2004-2009, 27 participating countries +JRC Objective: to establish a European reference data set of phenological observations that can be used for climatological purposes, especially climate monitoring, and detection of changes Main results: -pan European phenological database with an open, unrestricted data access for science, research and education – over 8 million records (transformed to PEP725, supported by EUMETNET) -Summarizing the History and Current Status of Plant Phenology in Europe (published) -Guidelines for plant phenological observations accepted by WMO (WCRP / WCP) -Recommended application methods of phenological data


COST 734 - CLIVAGRI ASSESSMENT OF EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE WATER USE AND TRADE UNDER

CLIMATE CHANGE

Duration 2006-2011, 29 participating countries + WMO+JRC Objective: to evaluate possible impacts from climate change and variability on agriculture and the assessment of critical thresholds for various European areas Main results: -Survey of Agrometeorological Practices and Applications in Europe regarding Climate Change Impacts -Agroclimatic conditions in Europe under climate change (published) -Definition of harmonised criteria to evaluate the impacts of climatic change and variability on agriculture -Use of satellite data the Assessment of Climate Change and Variability Impacts on Agriculture


COST ES1106 - EURO-AGRIWAT ASSESSMENT OF EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE WATER USE AND TRADE UNDER

CLIMATE CHANGE

Duration 2012-2016, 30 participating countries +WMO Objective: to deliver integrated methodologies and databases for the European wide assessment of water use and trade associated to key food and energy crops at different spatial scales under current and future climatic conditions Main results: -Inventory of existing models, tools and methodologies applied in water footprint WF assessment -Data, tools and methodologies to evaluate water use and virtual water trade -Evaluation of the most suitable methodologies for addressing WF and VWT at the European scale -Evaluation of the potential of remote sensing to improve the WF assessment


Future of European Agrometeorology?

Trends in agricultural management – adaptations to climate change impacts Major world initiative – Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) GFCS areas: Agriculture and food security Disaster risk reduction Water Health

European initiative – European Research Area for Climate Services (ERA4CS) A.1: Research in support of the development and deployment of Climate Services A.2: Integration and application of Climate Science for decision making A.3: Research for co-development of advanced Climate Services


Thank you

Documents

Agrometeorology Agrometeorology Florence 2016.pdf · 3 pages definition in “Applied Agrometeorology” edited by K. Stigter. An interdisciplinary holistic science bridging together