Agriculture Ecology

Biology - Agriculture Science

Standard I

Objectives 2 & 3

Ecology

• the study of the RELATIONSHIPS of living things to EACH OTHER and their ENVIRONMENT (surroundings)

Ecosystems

• ALL of the LIVING communities of an area together withthe NON-LIVING parts of their ENVIRONMENT

Parts of an Ecosystem

• LIVING community (BIOTIC factors)

• ENERGY input and use

• NUTRIENT cycling

• NON-LIVING environment (ABIOTIC factors)

Ecology involves the study of the following things:

• The interactions between members of the BIOTIC community (the living plants, animals and microbes)

• The interactions between members of the BIOTIC community and the NON-LIVING environment

• The interactions between the ABIOTIC environmental factors (such as light-temperature-moisture)

Organizational Levels

• Biosphere

• Ecosystem

• Community

• Population

• Organism/ Individual

Organizational LevelsActivity

• On one side of a blank sheet of paper illustrate and label the concept of Biosphere

Biosphere

Your illustration here

Organizational LevelsActivity

• Fold the paper in half so that your illustration is on the inside.

Biosphere

• On one side of your paper illustrate and label the concept of Ecosystem.

Organizational Levels Activity

Ecosystem

Organizational OrgLevels Activity

• Fold the paper in half so that the illustration of ecosystem is on the inside.

Ecosystem

Organizational Levels Activity

• On one side of the folded piece, illustrate and label the concept of Community.

Community

Organizational Levels Activity

• Fold the paper in half so that the illustration of community is on the inside.

Community

Organizational Levels Activity

• On one side of your folded piece illustrate and label the concept of Population.

Population

Organizational Levels Activity

• Fold the paper in half so that Population is on the inside.

Population

Organizational Levels Activity

• On one side of the folded sheet illustrate and label the concept of Organism or Individual.

Cycles of Matter

• Water

• Carbon

• Nitrogen

• Phosphourous

WATER CYCLE

WATER IN ATMOSPHERE

PRECIPITATION EVAPORATION

WATER /ICE

Water Cycle

Carbon/Oxygen Cycle

CARBON DIOXIDE

PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION

OXYGEN

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

NITROGEN GAS

NITROGEN FIXATION DENITRIFICATION

NITRATES

ANIMALS PLANTS

Nitrogen Cycle

Phosphorous Cycle

Limiting Nutrient - Algae Bloom

Reindeer

Predator-Prey

• One organisms depends on the other organism

Symbiosis

• “Living Together”

• One species lives in close association with another species over a period of time

• Avoids competition for resources– Examples:

• Mutualism

• Parasitism

• Commensalisms

Mutualism

• Both organisms benefit• It is between two different

organisms• Example: Crocodile Bird and

the Nile Crocodile – Crocodile usually eats

animals, but allows the bird to walk on its mouth

– Bird cleans parasites in the crocs teeth and removes and eats scraps of food

Commensalism

• One organism benefits, one unharmed– Sharing space, defense, shelter food

• “eating together at the same table”• Neither one will die if relationship is ended• Example: Shrimp and Sea Cucumber

– The shrimp spends the day inside the intestines of the sea cucumber and at night emerges from it to feed on small crustaceans

– The cucumber does not benefit from it, but is not harmed

Parasitism

• One organism, the parasite, secures a home on or inside another organism

• The parasite is the “guest” and the other organism is the “host”

• It usually harms the host and benefits the guest

Trivia Time – Part 1

• This organism is a bird that eats insects that live on and irritate antelopes. The bird flies up noisily when other animals approach.

• What type of symbiotic relationship does this describe?

Trivia Time – Part 2

• This organism lives in the intestine of its host, feeding off the host’s blood. The host suffers from loss of blood; it becomes thin and is easy prey to diseases.

• What type of symbiotic relationship does this describe?

Biomes of the World

Tropical Rain Forest

Temperate Forest

Tundra

Boreal Forest/Taiga

Temperate Woodland/Shrubland

Temperate Grassland

Mountains

Savannah

Desert

Icecaps