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1 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg:ProblemsandPotential?
OVERVIEW&OBJECTIVES GRADES
StudentswillinvestigatetheextentofagriculturalpollutioninLakeWinnipegbyexaminingmapsanddata.Studentswillthendiscusstheeffectsofagriculturalpollutionandpossiblesolutionstodetermineiffarmersaregoodstewardsoftheland.Studentswillbeableto...• Identifywaterflowpatterns• DeterminepollutionsourcesintoLakeWinnipeg• Analyzeandexplaintheextentofagricultural
pollutionintoLakeWinnipeg• Describepossiblesolutionstodetermineif
farmersaregoodstewardsoftheland
9th
TIME
1class
REQUIREDMATERIALS
ü LakeWinnipegWatershedMaps–1perstudentorprojectmapforclass
ü Handouts:“AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg“;“AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg(ANSWERS)”;ResourceMaps&Data(10included)
MINNESOTASOCIALSTUDIESSTANDARDS&BENCHMARKS
Standard1.Peopleusegeographicrepresentationsandgeospatialtechnologiestoacquire,processandreportinformationwithinaspatialcontext.9.3.1.1.2Applygeographicinformationfromavarietyofprintandelectronicsourcestointerpretthepastandpresentandplanforthefuture;providerationaleforusingspecifictechnologiesforeachapplication.Standard3.Placeshavephysicalcharacteristics(suchasclimate,topographyandvegetation)andhumancharacteristics(suchasculture,population,politicalandeconomicsystems).9.3.2.3.1Makeinferencesanddrawconclusionsaboutthephysicalandhumancharacteristicsofplacesbasedonacomparisonofmapsandothergeographicrepresentationsandgeospatialtechnologies.Standard9.Theenvironmentinfluenceshumanactions;andhumansbothadapttoandchange,theenvironment.9.3.4.9.1Analyzetheinterconnectednessoftheenvironmentandhumanactivities(includingtheuseoftechnology),andtheimpactofoneupontheother.
SUGGESTEDPROCEDURETheteacherwillhandoutaLakeWinnipegWatershedmaptoeachstudentorallowallstudentsaccesstoinformationonthemap.StudentswillbegettinginformationfromavarietyofresourcessuchasmapsandgraphsaswellaschartsexplainingthepollutionsourcesintoLakeWinnipeg.The10resourcehandoutswillalsobeprovided,eitherprintedorshownonthescreeninfrontoftheroom.Discusswhatisoccurringineachoftheresources.Theteacherwillprovidethehandout,“AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg”.Whenstudentshavecompletedthehandout,“AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg”,splittheclassintoeitherFarmersorEnvironmentalists.Havestudentscomeupwithreasonswhyandhowtosolvetheproblemofagriculturalpollutionusingtheirindividualviewpointsofeitherafarmeroranenvironmentalist.Basicargumentsforeachinclude:Farmers:
• Increasedfertilizersmeansincreasedyield,whichmeansmoremoney.
2 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
• Decreasedfertilizerusemeanseconomicstrainforcesfarmerstolosemoney.Environmentalists:
• IncreasedfertilizersmeanmorepollutionforLakeWinnipegandlesswateruseforrecreation.• DecreasedfertilizerusagemeansahealthierecosystemaroundandinLakeWinnipeg.
Discussifthisneedstobeadichotomyorwhetherornotfarmerscanandaregoodstewardsoftheland.Assessment§ “AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg”handout§ ClassdiscussionWebsiteResources“Crops”atTheCanadianEncyclopediahttp://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crops/“StateofLakeWinnipeg:1999to2007”atGovernmentofManitobahttps://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_low_resolution.pdf
• Resource#2:Manure• Resource#3:NumberofCattle• Resource#4:AgriculturalLand• Resource#5:FertilizedArea• Resource#6:LandCoverandPercentofCoverage• Resource#7:EcologicalRegions• Resource#8:MeanMonthlyDischargeintoLakeWinnipeg• Resource#9:TotalPhosphorusConcentrations• Resource#10:TotalNitrogenConcentrations
3 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg
1. Findthefollowingrivers:Identifywhichdirectioneachriverflows.Howcanyoutellwhichwaytheriverflows?
A. RedRiverB. WinnipegRiverC. SaskatchewanRiverD. DauphinRiver
- WheredoesLakeWinnipegdrain?
2. Whatlanguagesareprintedonthemap?Whyisthisthecase?
3. ExplainwhytheWinnipegRiverdepositsthemostamountofwaterintoLakeWinnipegeventhoughitisoneoftheshortestriversemptyingintothelake.
4. Usingtheresourcesinthisactivity.WhatisthedominanttypeofagricultureusedwithintheLakeWinnipegwatershed?
5. ExplainthephysicallandscapedifferencesbetweenlandeastofLakeWinnipegandlandtothewestofLakeWinnipeg.
6. LakeWinnipeghasbeendesignatedasoneofthemostpollutedlakesintheworld.Whatfactorsarecausingthisdesignation?
7. Whydofarmersusephosphorusandnitrogenfortheircrops?HowdoesthisaffecttheareasofLakeWinnipeg?
8. Whichareaofthemapisbringinginthemostphosphorusandnitrogenintothelake?Whyisthisthecase?Whichresourcewasnecessarytofindthisinformation?
9. TheLakeWinnipegwatershedisdividedbetweentwodifferentcountries.Howdoesthiscomplicatetheproblemofcleaningupthewatershedarea?
10. Howcantheriversbecleanedupyetnotharmagriculturalinterestsintheareadependentuponthefertilizersandcattlefortheirlivelihoods?
4 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg(ANSWERS)
1. Findthefollowingrivers:Identifywhichdirectioneachriverflows.Howcanyoutellwhichwaytheriverflows?
E. RedRiver–FlowsnorthF. WinnipegRiver–FlowswestG. SaskatchewanRiver–FlowseastH. DauphinRiver–Flowseast
- WheredoesLakeWinnipegdrain?TothenorthintoHudsonBay
2. Whatlanguagesareprintedonthemap?Whyisthisthecase?FrenchandEnglish.Canadahastwoofficiallanguagesandallgovernmentdocumentsareprintedinbothlanguages.
3. ExplainwhytheWinnipegRiverdepositsthemostamountofwaterintoLakeWinnipegeven
thoughitisoneoftheshortestriversemptyingintothelake.MorewaterflowsfromtheWinnipegRiverbecausethelakesandprecipitationisgreatertotheeastofthelakethanitistothewestofthelake.
4. Usingtheresourcesinthisactivity.WhatisthedominanttypeofagricultureusedwithintheLake
Winnipegwatershed?Cattleranchingandwheatfarming
5. ExplainthephysicallandscapedifferencesbetweenlandeastofLakeWinnipegandlandtothewest
ofLakeWinnipeg.ThelandscapetotheeastofthelakeisdottedwithlakesandswampsandforestedareaswhereastheareatothewestofLakeWinnipegisprimarilyprairiewithloweramountsofprecipitation.
6. LakeWinnipeghasbeendesignatedasoneofthemostpollutedlakesintheworld.Whatfactorsarecausingthisdesignation?Theagriculturalrunofffromfertilizerusedtogrowwheatandthemanureandwasterunofffromcattlegoesintotherivers,whichisaffectingLakeWinnipegdownstreambecausetheriversemptyintothelake.
7. Whydofarmersusephosphorusandnitrogenfortheircrops?HowdoesthisaffecttheareasofLakeWinnipeg?Farmersusephosphorusandnitrogentoaidplantgrowthforcrops.Theuseoftheseproductsinfertilizermeansagreatercropyieldandmoremoneyforthefarmer.Theagriculturalrunofffromusingtheseproductsmeansapollutedlake.Increasednitrogenlevelsinthelakemeanmoreplantgrowth,especiallyalgae,limitingtheoxygenlevelsinthelake.
8. Whichareaofthemapisbringinginthemostphosphorusandnitrogenintothelake?Whyisthisthecase?Whichresourcewasnecessarytofindthisinformation?TheRedRiver,comparedtotheotherrivers,isbringinginthemostamountsofphosphorusandnitrogenintoLakeWinnipeg.Resources#9and#10showtheRedRiverbringinginlargeamountsofeachproductintothelake.
9. TheLakeWinnipegwatershedisdividedbetweentwodifferentcountries.Howdoesthis
complicatetheproblemofcleaningupthewatershedarea?
5 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
Twoseparategovernments(CanadaandtheUnitedStates)mustagreeonaplan.Thisisinadditiontothelocalandregionalgovernmentsoftheareas(i.e.Manitoba,NorthDakota,etc.)
10. Howcantheriversbecleanedupyetnotharmagriculturalinterestsintheareadependentuponthecropsandcattlefortheirlivelihoods?Answerswillvarydependinguponviewpoints.
6 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
Resource#1:Crops
Source:TheCanadianEncyclopedia:http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crops/
7 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
Resource#2:Manure
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
8 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
Resource#3:NumberofCattle
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
9 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
Resource#4:AgriculturalLand
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
10 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
Resource#5:FertilizedArea
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
11 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
Resource#6:LandCoverandPercentofCoverage
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
12 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
Resource#7:EcologicalRegions
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
13 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
Resource#8:MeanMonthlyDischargeintoLakeWinnipeg
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
14 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
Resource#9:TotalPhosphorusConcentrations
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
15 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
Resource#10:TotalNitrogenConcentrations
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf