Agricultural Geography • Agriculture is the ______________________ modification of the Earth’s surface throughthe _c____________________ of plants and rearing of _____________________ toobtain food or for economic gain.

Agriculture has recognized 3 major revolutions:

1) 1st Agricultural Revolution

a) Occurred around _________________ years ago

b) Original domestication of _____________&________________

c) Transforms people from__________________________________to permanent settlements and civilizations.

d) Produced______________________ which allows this transformationto happen.

e) Happens originally along major __________________ valleys.

2) 2nd Agricultural Revolution

a) Occurs alongside the ___________________ Revolution from the mid 1700s tothe early 1900s.

b) Marked by improvements in technology and _______________________.

c) Reduces time and makes agriculture more ______________________.

d) Helps transform agricultural from subsistence to more _____________________in the more developed regions of the world.

3) 3rd Agricultural Revolution or the “Green” Revolution

a) Pioneered in the ___________ and headed by Norman Borlaug, a professor at the University of Minnesota who won the Nobel Peace Price in 1970 for his work.

b) The Green Revolution prevented a food crisis in ________________ countries bycreating genetically modified high yield seeds that increased amount of crops grownon the same amount of land and that are adapted for specific environmental areas.

c) To recognize full advantage of this farmers rely on more_________________,_____________________ use of fertilizer, use of more ____________ fuels,and government ______________ for these seeds, fuel, fertilizer and machinery.

Subsistence Agriculture vs. Commercial Agriculture

• Mainly practiced in ________________

countries and is designed to provide food for

the _____________ and the family.

• Mainly practiced in ________________

countries and is designed to generate

products for ____________ .

Characteristics:

*Small farms

*High percentage of farmers in population

*Few Machines

Characteristics:

*Large farms

*Low percentage of farmers in population

*Many Machines

Types of Subsistence Agriculture:Name & Picture: Geographic areas: Crops produced: Imp. Terms/Points:

1. ShiftingCultivation:

2. PastoralNomadism:

3. IntensiveSubsistence:

Types of Commercial Agriculture:Name & Picture: Geographic areas: Crops produced: Imp. Terms/Points:

1. Plantation:

2. Mixed Crop& Livestock:

3. Dairy Farming:

Types of Commercial Agriculture (continued) :Name & Picture: Geographic areas: Crops produced: Imp. Terms/Points:

4. GrainFarming:

5. LivestockRanching:

6. CommercialGardening &Fruit Farming:

7. MediterraneanAgriculture: