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7/30/2019 AGRICULTURAL DATA ROMANIA-2007
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ALDSA: Agricultural
Landscape Data State of
the Art
AGRICULTURAL
DATAROMANIA
3-4 April 2007
Cambridge
Dr Toma Elena
Research Institute of Agricultural Economicsand Rural Development
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Some things to be mentioned:
This presentation is a collection of the available
data from different sources: The Romanian Ministry of Agriculture, Forest and Rural
Development The National Institute of Statistics
Research Institute for Soil Science and Agro chemistry
The information presented can be update in thismoment until the year 2005; the data for 2006
will be available to the end of this year
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ROMANIAN’S LANDSCAPE
- characteristics -
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Even though it is a limited territory, Romania contains all of the three largecategories of relief: mountains, hills, plateaus and plains
Mountain units The mountainous relief occupies almost a third of the totalcountry’s territory, the main units are The Carpathian, of alpine type, with heights
that frequently pass 1650 m, which are, generally formed form massive,metamorphic, magma and hard-set sedimentary rocks (limestone, pudding rock,etc) Numerous intra-mountainous valley (over 300) can be framed into variousgeomorphologic subtypes (tectonic, techno-erosive, etc)
Hill units, piedmonts and plateaus This relief tread, with heights between 1000 and300 m occupy about 42% of the territory of the country According to thegeological structure, height, exterior aspect numerous units differentiate ( sub- carpathian hills, piedmont hills, plateaus)
Plain units The lowest main form of relief occupies about 30%of the country’s territory, and has altitudes, generally under 200-300 m The most important of these are: The Romanian Plain is the largest, occupies the South of Oltenia, South and
South-East of Muntenia and has loess as substratum, loess deposits, and
sometimes grit (dunes), loam and alluvial deposits; The West Plain is a low divagation plain, formed from hard sedimentary
rocks, some higher sections covered with loess;
The Meadow and Danube Delta have a specific meadow relief, the substratum isformed from recent alluvial and some lacustrine deposits, over which (in theDanube) we find fluvial-marine sand dunes
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The characterisation of Romania’s relief was made on the basis of processing inSIG of the information contained within the next thematic maps:
Geomorphologic map of Romania – Romania’s geographical atlas;
Topographical map of Romania - scale, 1:200000;Geological map of Romania, scale 1:200000 – The Geological Institute 1963-1990;
The map of administrative-territorial unit limits at the commune level, scale1:1000000
Table no 1 presents the surfaces associated to relief forms, to the slope classesand altitude (absolute and relative)¹ classes A primal aggregation of thisinformation is represented by the establishment of the areas occupied by the mainrelief forms (plain, hill, mountain) at the level of each commune Themethodology for establishing delimitation criteria for the main relief forms: plain,hill and mountain; it is based on interpreting trough an expert georeference data-base at a national level, using the SOTTER methodology, it adapts to the
conditions in our country Table no 2 presents the resulting surfaces for the main relief forms (plain, hill,mountain) sequel to processed information at a commune level In this table thereare also presented the main percentage for the main relief forms in comparison with the sum of the total agricultural and forestry area surface
Table no 3 presents the surfaces associated to the main relief forms on the basis
of framing the communes in one of the relief forms
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Table no 1
The surfaces suited for the elements which characterise the relief
(Relief forms, Slopes, Hypsometry) for the agricultural and forestry area -2002
Relief form Area
ha Slope Area
ha Hypsometry Area
ha
Plain 9267957 < 2% plane-humid 42856 < 300 m absolute alt 12052949
Plateau 70526 0 - 2% plane 10385915 300 - 600 m absolute alt 774374
Valley 525768 2 - 5 % mildly corrugated 1019481 < 200 m relative alt 1398580
Glacis + Piermont 396737 5 - 8 % corrugated 1600939 200 - 400 m relative alt 1189100
Valley bed 671511 8 - 15 % rippled 1841627 400 - 600 m relative alt 1481641
Seacoast plain 184 15 - 30% hilly moderate 0 600 - 1500 m relative alt 4526560
Medium gradient hill 5230589 30 - 60 % hilly mountainous 6584481 1500 - 3000 m relative alt 75250
High gradient mountain 4312035 > 60 extremely hilly 24421 Waters and puddles 851700
High gradient hill 1019811 Waters and puddles 851700
Absorbed valley 3641
Waters and puddles 851700
Total 22350459 Total 22351420 Total 22350154
Statistic 2003 Yearbook 22351400 Statistic 2003 Yearbook 22351400 Statistic 2003 Yearbook 22351400
ICPA Bucharest 2004- the actualization
will be made this year
Table no 2
The distribution of agricultural and forestry surfaces according to the main
relief forms identified at a commune level - 2002
Relief form Area
ha % of Total
Plain 10638121 49,5
Hill 5913026 27,5
Mountain 4948449 23,0
Total 21499596 100,0
Table no 3
The distribution of agricultural and forestry surfaces according tothe framing of the communes into the main relief forms - 2002
Area Plain Hill Partiallymountain
Mountain TOTAL
ha 9914518 4264048 1512781 5798969 21490316
% 46,1 19,8 7,1 27,0 100,0
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Romania’s soil According to the Romanian System of Soil Classification (1980), on theterritory of Romania 10 classes of soils, 39 types and 500 subtypes of soils were identified The areas occupied by the soils with a higher
weight in the land property of the country are shown in table no 4 Fromthe presented information it results that on the territory of Romaniathree classes of soil are predominant: the Mol soils with 26,7 %,
Argiluvisoils with 25,5 % and Cambisoils with 19,5 % A significant weight (14,5 %) is also that of the involved soils The other classes of soil have percentages which vary between 0,8 % (Halomorphyc soils,Umbrisoils) and 5,2 % (Spodosoils)
Soil Type (class) Total % thousand ha
TOTAL MOLISOILS 26,7 6 363 TOTAL ARGILUVISOILS 25,5 6 077 TOTAL CAMBISOILS 19,5 4 648 TOTAL SPODOSOILS (Feriiluvial dark soil, Podzole) 5,2 1 240 TOTAL UMBRISOILS (Black acid soil, Andosoil,
Humico – silicathic soil) 0,8 191
TOTAL HIDROMORPHIC SIOLS (Lăcovişte, Gleicsoil, Clinohidromorphic black soil, Pseudogleic
soil) 3,2 763
TOTAL HALOMORPHIC SOILS (Solonceac, Soloneţ) 0,8 191 TOTAL VERTISOILS 1,6 381 TOTAL UNEVOLVED SOILS 14,5 3 457 TOTAL ORGANIC SOILS - 5 Lakes, Marshes 2,2 524 GENERAL TOTAL 100 23 839
Table no 4
Surfaces occupied in the main classes and soil
types - 2002
Romania’s ground map
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Romania’s agroclimatical resources The Romanian climate is of a temperate-
continental type, with four seasons and it is
marked by the steppe climates in the East,
Adriatic in the South-West, oceanic in the
West and North-West, keeping its Carpato-
Ponto-Danubian climate identity
From an energetic point of view, the annual flux is of 110-140
Kcal/cm² close to the level of the one in the large cereal areas in
Europe, North America and Eastern Asia The thermo potential is
situated between 3000 - 43000C, the quantum of the actual
temperatures in the vegetation period is of 1200 - 18000C In the
habitat between the 6 and 80C izometers micro and mezothermic
plants can be cultivated (bundle flax, rape, potatoes, rye, barley)
between the 8 and 110C isotherms (mostly agricultural plants), and inthe medium annual temperature habitat over 110C megatherm plants
(cotton, rice, castor-oil)
From a hydro point of view, the resources vary, in the plain between 350-
750 l/mp, but have an unequally spatial-time distribution, which
determines annual significant fluctuations of the crop The time periods in
which the hydro resources insure the efficient value of thermo resources
represent aprox 30% of the vegetation season, and droughts and rain
excesses in the rest of the time The highest fluctuations are registered in
the South plain areas, with monthly values between 1/l/mp and 300 l/mp
and annual between 250 l/mp and 1000 l/mp The drought and
excedentary periods are grouped on 2-4 years and have a cyclic come-back
This is notable during the year in grouping of the dry and rainy months
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Romanian’s water resources
2002
•78905 km water courses;
•295,6 thou ha land areas with water;•270 accumulation lakes with a total volume of 14,5 billions mc, of which 114 lakes with
temporary accumulation;
•7100 km of dams for securing towns and agricultural land;
•6600 km of river regularizations and 1320 km of defence and shore consolidation;
•157 adduction channels with a length of 1100 km;
•59 water pumping stations with a debit of 237 mc/s
•49 water sockets and hydro technical nods with a total debit of 249 mc/s;
•178 other hydro technical works;
•122 natural lakes
If we do not consider the water contribution from the Danube, Romania is a poor water
country, so an attentive household of this resource is absolutely necessary
The water deficit is highly felt in the high-risk depletion and drought territories For
compensating this extremely large deficit in the drought periods, in these territories were
created irrigation systems for about 3 mil ha by using as a main resource the water from the
Danube and as secondary resources, the water from Siret and Olt rivers
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Agricultural data
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Table no 5
Total land fund, by use 1990-2005 (thousand ha)
1990 2000 2005
Total area of landed property 23839,1 23839,1 23839,1
Agricultural area 14769,0 14856,8 14741,2
Arable 9450,4 9381,1 9420,2
Pasture lands 3262,5 3441,7 3364,0
Hay fields 1465,3 1507,1 1514,17
Vines and wine nurseries 277,4 272,3 224,1
Orchards and tree nurseries 313,4 254,6 218,2
Woods and other forestry lands 6685,4 6457,3 6742,8
Woods 6252,3 6223,1 6233,0
Constructions 622,3 632,9 657,1
Roads and railroads 388,9 388,2 391,1
Waters and puddles 903,6 867,8 841,4
Other areas 469,9 636,1 465,5
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Table no 6
Agricultural area, by use 1991-2005 (thousand
ha)
1991 2000 2005
Agricultural area 14798,3 14856,8 14741,2
Arable 9423,5 9381,1 9420,2
Pasture lands 3309,8 3441,7 3364,0
Hay fields 1467,9 1507,1 1514,17
Vines and wine
nurseries
285,8 272,3 224,1
Orchards and tree
nurseries
311,3 254,6 218,2
Agricultural area
irrigated, fo which:
216,1 45,7
Arable 204,2 44,6
14680
14700
14720
14740
14760
14780
14800
14820
14840
14860
1991 2000 2005
Agricultural area
3240
3260
3280
3300
3320
3340
3360
3380
3400
3420
3440
3460
1991 2000 2005
Pasture lands
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1991 2000 2005
Orchards and
tree nurseries
9350
9360
9370
9380
9390
9400
9410
9420
9430
1991 2000 2005
Arable
1440
1450
1460
1470
1480
1490
1500
1510
1520
1991 2000 2005
Hay fields
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1991 2000 2005
Vines and wine
nurseries
63.7%
9.9%
1.9% 2.1%
22.4%
63.9%
22.8%
10.3%
1.5% 1.5%
Arable Pasture lands
Hay fields Vines and wine nurseries
Orchards and tree nurseries
Agricultural area
structure- 1991 and
2005
T l
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Table no 7
Use of the agricultural field – state sector
N
o Specification UM
Years
1991 2000 2005
1
TOTAL
agricultural of
which:
thousand ha 4416,4 638,6 654,1
2 Arable surface thousand ha 1972,0 330,4 367,2
3 Pasture lands thousand ha 2251,6 244,0 231,2
4 Hay fields thousand ha 152,6 38,0 32,4
5 Vine and vineyard thousand ha 26,9 10,8 8,8
6 Orchard fruit
growing thousand ha 12,8 15,4 14,5
Use of the agricultural field – state sector - %
N
o Specification UM
Years /(%)
1991 2000 2005
1
TOTAL
agricultural of
which:
thousand ha 100 100 100
2 Arable surface thousand ha 44,7 51,7 56,1
3 Pasture lands thousand ha 51,0 38,2 35,3
4 Hay fields thousand ha 3,5 5,9 5,0
5 Vine and vineyard thousand ha 0,6 1,9 1,3
6 Orchard fruit
growing thousand ha 0,3 2,3 2,2
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
1991 2005
Agricultural land
Arable surface
44.7
51.0
3.5
0.60.3
Arable surface Pasture lands Hay fields
Vine and vineyard Orchard finit growing
56.135.3
5.0
1.3 2.2
T bl 8
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Table no 8
Use of the agricultural field – private sector
Use of the agricultural field – private sector - %
N
o Specification UM
Years
1991 2000 2005
1
TOTAL
agricultural of which: thousand ha 10324,8 14218,2 14087,1
2 Arable surface thousand ha 7448,2 9050,7 9053,0
3 land thousand ha 1112,4 3197,7 3132,8
4 hay field thousand ha 1361,6 1469,1 1482,3
5 Vine and vineyard thousand ha 197,2 261,5 215,3
6 Orchard fruit
growing thousand ha 205,4 239,2 203,7
N
o Specification UM
Years /(%)
1991 2000 2005
1 TOTALagricultural of
which:
thousand ha 100 100 100
2 Arable surface thousand ha 72,1 63,7 64,3
3 land thousand ha 10,8 1,8 22,2
4 hay field thousand ha 13,2 1,7 10,5
5 Vine and vineyard thousand ha 1,9 22,5 1,5
6 Orchard fruit
growing thousand ha 2,0 10,3 1,5
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
1991 2005
Agricultural land
Arable surface
72.1
10.8
13.2
1.9 2.0
Arable surface Pasture lands Hay fields
Vine and vineyard Orchard finit growing
64.3
22.2
10.5
1.5 1.5
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The present situation of the Romanian agricultural
exploitations• in 2002 was made the first Agricultural Census after the
1948
• in 2005 was made the Agricultural Structure Survey 2005
(The main characteristics of agricultural farm)
The juridical
status of theagricultural
exploitations
Number of
agricultural
exploitations
2002
Number of
agriculturalexploitations
2005
Number of agricultural
exploitations
which useagricultural
area2002
Number of agricultural
exploitations
which useagricultural are
2005
Used agricultural
area2002
(ha)
Used
agricultural
area2005
(ha)
Medium used
agriculturalarea (ha)
2002
Medium used
agriculturalarea (ha)
2005
Individual
agricultural
exploitations 4462221 4237889 4277315 4103404 7708757,61 9102018,22 1,8 2,22
Juridical personality
units 22672 18263 22046 17843 6221952,49 4804683,06 282,23 269,28
Agricultural
Societies/associations 2261 1630 2224 1614 975564,26 742065,39 438,65 459,77
Commercial
societies 6138 4824 5706 4563 2168792,03 1780787,84 380,09 397,87
Public
administration units 5698 4818 5618 4750 2867368,41
2124736,63
510,39 447,31
Cooperative units 87 108 77 89 2365,14 3246,42 30,72 36,48
Other types 8488 6883 8421 6827 207862,65 153846,78 24,68 22,54
TOTAL
AGRICULTURAL
EXPLOITATIONS 4484893 4256152 4299361 4121247 13930710,1 13906701,28 3,24 3,37
Table no. 9 The structure of agricultural area used and the medium
dimension of these in 2002 and 2005
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Table 10
Cultivated area, by main crops Culture surface structure with main cultures at country level - %
N
o Specification UM
Years
1991 2000 2005
1 TOTAL arable surface
of which:thousand ha 9197,3 8499,8 8467,9
2 Cereals thousand ha 6049,0 5655,2 5865,7
3 Vegetables for seeds thousand ha 81,2 41,3 44,2
4 Technical plants thousand ha 911,5 1137,5 337,2
5 Potatoes thousand ha 234,9 282,7 1220,9
6 Vegetables thousand ha 195,1 234,0 266,7
7 Melon and water melon thousand ha 47,7 46,2 820,4
8 Fodder plants thousand ha 1552,1 682,2 820,4
N
o Specification UM
Years
1991 2000 2005
1
TOTAL arable surface of
which: thousand ha
100 100 100
2 Cereals thousand ha 65.8 66.5 69.3
3 Vegetables for seeds thousand ha 0.9 0.5 0.5
4 Technical plants thousand ha 9.9 13.4 4.0
5 Potatoes thousand ha 2.6 3.3 14.4
6 Vegetables thousand ha 2.1 2.8 3.1
7 Melon and water melon thousand ha 0.5 0.5 9.7
8 Fodder plants thousand ha 16.9 8.0 9.7
Table no 11
Cultivated area, by main crops - private sector
No
Specification UM
Years
1991 2000 2005
1 TOTAL arable surface of which:
thousand ha 7260,8 7442,0 8267,7
2 Cereals thousand ha 5076,6 5075,8 5788,5
3 Vegetables for seeds thousand ha 54,3 33,1 40,9
4 Technical plants thousand ha 683,0 839,7 335,4
5 Potatoes thousand ha 217,4 276,7 1199,2
6 Vegetables thousand ha 141,9 227,1 257,5
7 Melon and water melon thousand ha 44,0 45,3 738,0
8 Fodder plants thousand ha 1019,1 614,6 738,0
No Specification UM
Years
1991 2000 2005
1 TOTAL arable surface of which: thousand ha 100 100 100
2 Cereals thousand ha 69.9 68.2 70.0
3 Vegetables for seeds thousand ha 0.7 0.4 0.5
4 Technical plants thousand ha 9.4 11.3 4.1
5 Potatoes thousand ha 3.0 3.7 14.5
6 Vegetables thousand ha 2.0 3.1 3.1
7 Melon and water melon thousand ha 0.6 0.6 8.9
8 Fodder plants thousand ha 14.0 8.3 8.9
Culture surface structure with main cultures – private sector - %