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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT PASTURE PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT ESTABLISHMENT

AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT

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Page 1: AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT

AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

PASTURE PASTURE ESTABLISHMENTESTABLISHMENT

Page 2: AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT

AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Preliminary InformationPreliminary Information

Soil typeSoil type Soil fertilitySoil fertility Previous vegetationPrevious vegetation Rainfall patternRainfall pattern Area to be plantedArea to be planted

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Land ClearingLand Clearing

From forestsFrom forests Revenue from loggingRevenue from logging Leave trees for shadeLeave trees for shade Normally carried out by contractorNormally carried out by contractor Leave steep slopes and ravines Leave steep slopes and ravines

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

From abandoned landFrom abandoned land More easily clearedMore easily cleared Problem of weedsProblem of weeds Soil of lower fertilitySoil of lower fertility Needs higher rates of fertilizer and Needs higher rates of fertilizer and

limingliming

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

LAND CLEARING

Page 6: AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT

AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

BURNING – not recommended

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Soil preparationSoil preparation

Clay and loamy soilsClay and loamy soils Use disc plough to turn soil overUse disc plough to turn soil over Disc harrows to break up soil clodsDisc harrows to break up soil clods Final round with rotovator to make Final round with rotovator to make

soil fine for seed sowingsoil fine for seed sowing Soil need not be fine with vegetative Soil need not be fine with vegetative

propagationpropagation

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Sandy soilsSandy soils Can use chisel plough to break up Can use chisel plough to break up

soils and remove weedssoils and remove weeds

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

DISC PLOUGH – to overturn soil and bury existing vegetation

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

DISC PLOUGH – cutting and overturning soil

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Large clods of soil left during disc ploughing

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

LimingLiming

Use lime if pH <4.5Use lime if pH <4.5 Apply about 2 tonnes/haApply about 2 tonnes/ha

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Liming after disc ploughing

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Liming manually

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

HarrowsHarrows

Disc harrows used after ploughing Disc harrows used after ploughing and limingand liming

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

DISC HARROWS

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Disc harrows breaking up clods into smaller particles

Page 21: AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT

AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

RotovatorRotovator

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Basal fertilizersBasal fertilizers

Fertilisers applied during plantingFertilisers applied during planting Pure grass pastures:Pure grass pastures:

– 60 kg N, 40 kg P and 50 kg K/ha60 kg N, 40 kg P and 50 kg K/ha Legume grass:Legume grass:

– Apply only P and KApply only P and K

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Planting grass/legume seeds using seed drill

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Compartments on seed drill for seeds and fertilizers

seedsfertilizers

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Disc to cut soil

funnel

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Seed drillSeed drill

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Seed drill with operatorSeed drill with operator

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

NO-TILL DRILL FOR SOIL CONSERVATION

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Seeding RatesSeeding Rates

Grasses 5- 10 kg/haGrasses 5- 10 kg/ha Legumes 2-6 kg/haLegumes 2-6 kg/ha Seed depth – small seeds 5-10 mmSeed depth – small seeds 5-10 mm Large seeds (legumes) – 15-20 mmLarge seeds (legumes) – 15-20 mm

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Grasses that can be planted with Grasses that can be planted with seedsseeds

Signal grass (Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbensBrachiaria decumbens)) Guinea grass (Guinea grass (Panicum maximumPanicum maximum)) Setaria sphacelataSetaria sphacelata var sericea var sericea

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Vegetative PlantingVegetative Planting

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Vegetative materialsVegetative materials

Divided root stocksDivided root stocks CuttingsCuttings Whole stemsWhole stems

e.g. MARDI Digit, Setaria splendida, e.g. MARDI Digit, Setaria splendida, NapierNapier

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

VEGETATIVE PLANTING – Napier grass

Stems stripped off leaves

Planting material – mature stems

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Bare stems laid in furrow, base to tip

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Planting cuttings of napier - slanted

New tillers

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

VEGETATIVE PLANTING Guinea grass

Planting material – rooted clumps

3 tillers per planting hole

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Guinea grass clumps in rows

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

VEGETATIVE PLANTING - MARDI Digit

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

VEGETATIVE PLANTING – stoloniferous grasses

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Good establishment – after 2 weeks

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Weed problems

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Good legume-grass pasture

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

HAPPY STUDENTS AFTER SUCCESSFUL PLANTING!