Agora Athenei Vol 2 Monedele

7/27/2019 Agora Athenei Vol 2 Monedele

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T H E ATHENIANGORARESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS

CONDUCTED BYTHE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

VOLUME II

COINSFROM THE ROMAN THROUGH THE VENETIAN PERIOD

BYMARGARET THOMPSON

THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENSPRINCETON, NEW JERSEY

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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

PRINTED IN GERMANY at J.J.AUGUSTIN GLOCKSTADT


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PREFACEBetween the years 1931 and 1949 the Americanexcavations in the Athenian Agoraproduced55,492 coins of Roman and later periods. The cataloguedentries n this publication, rangingin date from the last century of the Roman Republic to the decliningyears of the Republic ofVenice, total 37,090 specimens; the remaining Islamic and Modern Greek pieces have beenlisted summarilyin orderthat the tally may be complete. This is an overwhelmingamount ofcoinage, which in sheer quantity representsa collection comparableto many in the numismaticmuseums of the world. Unfortunately very few of the Agora coins are museum pieces, butlamentable as is their generalcondition to the eye of the coin collector or the cataloguer, theydo provide for the historian an invaluable recordof the money circulatingin one of the chiefcities of antiquity from the time of Sulla to our own present.

The AgoraExcavations are still in progress.Coins have been unearthed since 1949 and morewill certainly result from successive years of digging until the project is at last finished.How-ever, the area as a whole has been excavated in depth; what remains to be done is more inthe nature of a cleaning-up operation, from which coins emergein fairly small numbers. Thereis no reason to suppose that whatever is found in the future will affect the present picture toany appreciableextent.

For the classification of the Agora coins an admirablerecordingsystem was developed byMrs.T. Leslie Shear,who has been in chargeof the CoinDepartmentfrom the beginningof theexcavation program.Each identifiablecoin was given a separate envelope on which were typeddetails of size, metal, provenance,date of finding, descriptionand reference. These envelopeswere filed chronologically by excavation sections. In every case, the same information wastranscribedon individual catalogue cards, which were arranged by emperorsand types. Whilethe coins remainin Athens and will eventually form an integralpart of the contemplatedAgoraMuseum,the cardswere broughtto this country for study purposesand are now located at theInstitute for Advanced Study in Princeton. It is from these cards that the present publicationhas been compiled.There is no need to point out the drawbacks nvolved in workingfrom a card cataloguewiththe documents themselves five thousand miles distant. Ideally each coin should have beenchecked prior to publication. An undertakingof this sort would requiresomeone thoroughlyexperiencedin excavation material and able to devote several years to a slow and painstakingreexamination. Perhaps such a person could have been found in the course of time. I confess

that my spirit quails at the very thought of going back over 3775 coins of Manuel and 1855 ofConstantiusII, and it seems to me doubtful tha the resulting increasein accuracywould becommensuratewith the labor involved. Without any questionthere are mistakes in the presenttabulation-mistakes of identificationand mistakes of transcription.Manyindividuals worked


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THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINSat one time or another on the classification and on the records. We would all, I think, agreethat in the course of our exposure to the swollen, chipped and defaced scraps of metal whichexcavations invariably produce, we at times saw things we ought not to have seen and leftunseen those things which we ought ta have seen. Yet in all sincerity I do not believe that sucherrors are numerous, and I am confident that those which do exist have no real significanceagainst a backgroundof 37,000 coins.

The inaccessibility of the material has in some cases presented particular problems for adetailed tabulation. Where criteria of style determine the attribution of issues identical intype, I have, without the coins before me, been unable even to attempt a distinction betweenthe differentmints. Such pieceshave been listed underthe city supplying the greater proportionof the Agora coinage for the period, and reference has been made in the commentary to thepossibility of an alternativemint. The amount of illustrativematerialis admittedly slight. Mostof the coins are well-known types which need none, but I should have liked to reproduceallvariant and unusual specimens. Unfortunately, as will be obvious from even a cursoryglanceat the plates, the condition of the averageexcavation piece is so bad that illustration is almostuseless. Even if it were otherwise, I could not feel justified in imposing so great a burden ofsorting, selecting and cast-makingon someone else.

To offset in some measure the handicaps, I have been most fortunate in having the help ofMrs.WilliamP. Wallace, who spent the first fourmonths of 1952in Athens and who generouslyofferedto examine coins whose identification seemed open to question. Mrs.Wallace checkednearly 300pieces andher efforts have rectifiedsome uncertainreadingsand verified others. Thenotation "confirmed" n many sections of the commentaryderives from her labors.All of these difficulties were given carefulconsiderationbeforeit was decidedto undertakethis tabulation. In the end it was felt by the majority of those directly concerned that theadvantages of prompt publication, even allowingfor inevitable shortcomings,overbalancedthedisadvantages.With a few notable exceptions, coins tend to be the stepchildrenof excavations.Their publication, if attempted at all, is often delayed beyond the period of greatest utility.For those now workingon other Agora material and for anyone concernedwith the history ofAthens, the coins provide vital evidence for the political and economicvicissitudes of the city,evidence which cannot safely be disregarded.Bringing this fundamentalmaterial out in usable

form at the earliest possible moment has, therefore, seemed highly desirable.The record in its entirety is here, but it cannot be overemphasizedthat it is intended pri-marilyas a recordand not as a definitive study of the Roman and Byzantine coinage from theAgora. It is to be hoped that whatever sections seem worthy of further research and inter-pretation will be expanded into special publications as opportunity arises. Attention shouldalso be given to the hoardmaterial. Surprisingly ew closed deposits of Roman and later periodswere found, and in general their chief importance was in dating the contexts in which theywere buried rather than in their intrinsic composition. Nevertheless they should be analyzedand worked over in connection with the excavation records.In this catalogue such coins havebeen included only as individual pieces without referenceto their hoard associations.For the most part the format of the tabulation is borroweddirectlyfromAlfredR. Bellinger's

excelentndhrouglysble ubliationof te cois frm Dua-Eurpos.Everyeffotrha

excellent and thoroughly usable publication of the coins from Dura-Europos.Every effort has

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been made to provide sufficientinformation to make the recorduseful without compelling thereader to refer constantly to the standard catalogues and at the same time to compress thedata into reasonably economical limits. These considerations have influenced the seeminglyinconsistent pattern which the arrangementof the descriptive material presents for differentperiods. All issues of any given emperorare grouped together in a silver, antoniniani, bronzesequence with each categorylisted chronologically.The cataloguenumbers of silver coins areinitalic type and the same convention has been used for plated and billonspecimens.An asteriskfollowing a number indicates that there is some discussion of that entry in the commentary.Unless otherwisespecified, the dates and mint identificationsare those of the cited referenceworks. In some cases, notably with the British Museumpublicationsof the Roman period, thedates suggestedin the introductions areat times morespecificthan those given in the cataloguesproper.Wheresuch restricteddatings seem well-established,they have been adopted in prefer-ence to broaderchronologicaldivisions. Mention has been made in the commentary of some

articles supplementingor supersedingthe generalreferencebooks, but undoubtedlymany valu-able studies have been overlooked,which would need to be considered n any final study of thecurrency.For the later Roman period, whereuncertainty exists as to the nomenclatureof the variousdenominations, I have followed Pearce's formula of AE1, AE2, AE3 and AE4. This equatesroughly with Cohenand Sabatierin this manner:

AE1 = Cohen GBAE2 - CohenMB - SabatierAE1AE3 = CohenPB = Sabatier AE2AE4 = CohenPB Q = Sabatier AE3Such differentiation n size is, of course,only relative within any given period and not absolutein any sense.

Mint markshave been omitted from this listing although they are recordedon the cataloguecards. The Agora coins provide additions to the officinaestriking certain types, as cited byMauricefor the Constantinianera and by Wroth for the early Byzantine, but such additionsare of minor significanceand it was felt that little useful purpose would be served by a longand detailed record of the various officinae and their proportionate representation. Where,however, there is a new orunusualform of the mint mark,it has been noted in the commentary.There remains the pleasant duty of sharing whatever merit this publication may possess.The primary credit belongs without question to Mrs.Shear and her co-workersin the Agorawhose composite labors created the overall record. Of the many Americansand Greekswhospent months and years on the cleaning, identifying and cataloguingntyn n tou of these coins, I knowonly a few and it would be unfair to single them out by name, but I cannot forbear a word ofappreciation to MissAzizaKokoni who worked with me in 1948 on the residue of coins fromearlier excavation seasons. Without her competent aid it would have been impossible to com-

plete the classificationof this backlog for inclusion in the tabulation. To my associates at theAgora I should like to express my warm thanks, particularly to Miss Lucy Talcott for herkindness in providing materials and to Professor Homer A. Thompsonfor the opportunity ofpublishingthis report and for helpful advice in connection with its contents. My debt to Pro-

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TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE .................................................. VROMAN AND BYZANTINE COINAGE RATIOS .................... XINTRODUCTION ..... .................................. . 1ABBREVIATIONS IN THE CATALOGUE ........................... 8CATALOGUE

ROMAN REPUBLICAN COINAGE ........................... 9ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE ........... ............... 10"VANDALIC" COINAGE .................................. 64BYZANTINE IMPERIALCOINAGE .......................... 67FRANKISH COINAGE .................. .................. 76MINOR COINAGES OF GREECE AND THE ISLANDS ............ 78FRENCH COINAGE ...................................... 78ITALIAN COINAGE ...................................... 79VENETIAN COINAGE .................................... 80

NUMERICALSUMMARY ...................................... 88COMMENTARY............................................ 87INDEX

RULERS .............................................. 119MINTS .............................................. 121


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ROMAN AND BYZANTINE COINAGE RATIOSThe listing below, relating the amount of Agora coinage of any given emperor with the length of his reign, shows thefluctuations of the currency more clearly than a straight tabulation of coin totals. For the Byzantine era, the anonymousissues have been assigned to definite emperors in line with the commentary discussion. The Roman coinage, because ofthe complications of posthumous issues, joint reigns and anonymous strikings of indefinite date, has at times been groupedby periods rather than individual reigns.

ROMAN BYZANTINEEMPEROR

Augustus .............Tiberius ..............Claudius ..............Nero .................Galba-Otho ..........Vespasian ............Titus ................Domitian .............Nerva ................Trajan ...............Hadrian .............AntoninusPius ........M.Aurelius-L.Verus...Commodus...........Didius Julianus-Caracalla ..........Elagabalus ...........SeverusAlexander ....Maximinus -Pupienus .Gordian II ...........Philip I ..............TrajanDecius-Herennius .........Trebonianus-Aemilian..Valerian I-Gallienus ...Gallienus .............Claudius I-Quintillus .Aurelian .............Tacitus-Florian .......Probus ...............Carus-Numerian......Diocletian-TetrarchiesLiciniusI-Constantine .SonsConstantine-JovianValentinian -Arcadius .Honorius-TheodosiusITheodosius I-Valentinian II ......Marcian..............Leo I ..............Zeno .................

APPROXIMATEPERIOD o COINSPER YEAR27 B.C.-14A.D.14-37 A.D.41-54 A.D.54-68 A.D.68-69 A.D.69-79 A.D.79-81 A.D.81-96 A.D.96-98 A.D.98-117 A.D.117-138A.D.138-161A.D.161-180A.D.180-192 A.D.193-217A.D.218-222A.D.222-285 A.D.235-238 A.D.238-244 A.D.244-249A.D.249-251 A.D.251-253 A.D.253-260 A.D.260-268 A.D.268-270A.D.270-275 A.D.275-276A.D.276-282 A.D.282-284 A.D.284-307 A.D.307-337A.D.337-364A.D. 1364-408 A.D.408-423 A.D.423-450 A.D.450-457A.D.457-474 A.D.474-491 A.D.

"VANDALIC" ..... c. 410-530 A.D.

V81/s1/111/13/7211

122333121389861513497361616811251098849159

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EMPERORAnastasiusI ..........Justin I ..............JustinianI ...........Justin II .............Tiberius II...........Maurice ..............Phocas ...............Heraclius .............Constans I ..........Constantine V ........JustinianII (1st) ......Tiberius II ...........JustinianII (2nd) .....Philippicus ...........AnastasiusII .........Leo III ...............ConstantineV .........Leo IV ...............ConstantineVI ........Irene .................Leo V ................Michael I ............Theophilus ...........Michael II ...........Basil I ...............Leo VI ...............ConstantineVII .......Nicephorus I .........John I-Basil II andConstantine ........Basil II-ConstantineVIII ....RomanusIII ..........Michael V ...........Constantine X ........Isaac I ...............ConstantineX ........RomanusIV ..........MichaelVII...........Nicephorus II ........AlexiusI .............John II ..............Manuel .............Andronicus ..........IsaacII ..............AlexiusIII ...........

AP:PERIOD ,491-518A.D.518-527A.D.527-565A.D.565-578 A.D.578-582A.D.582-602A.D.602-610 A.D.610-641 A.D.641-668 A.D.668-685A.D.685-695 A.D.698-705A.D.705-711A.D.711-713A.D.713-716 A.D.717-741 A.D.741-775A.D.775-780A.D.780-797A.D.797-802A.D.813-820 A.D.820-829 A.D.829-842A.D.842-867 A.D.867-886 A.D.886-912A.D.913-959A.D.963-969A.D.969-989 A.D.989-1028A.D.1028-1034 A.D.1034-1041 A.D.1042-1055A.D.1057-1059A.D.1059-1067A.D.1067-1071A.D.1071-1078A.D.1078-1081A.D.1081-1118A.D.1118-1143A.D.1143-1180 A.D.1183-1185A.D.1185-1195A.D.1195-1203A.D.

PROXIMATENO.OF COINS'ER YEAR

11335168302

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513392186133135345346

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INTRODUCTIONN o one working over the great mass of coinage from Roman and Byzantine Athens couldfail to become interested in its numismatic and historicalimplications. Any comprehensiveappraisal, even had I the competenceto undertakeit, has no place within the confinesof thisreport,but mention might be made of a few noteworthy considerations,whose full significancecan best be appreciatedin relation to the outline on the opposite page.'For the most part the picture presented by the Agora coins is entirely consistent with thehistory of Athens as we know it from other sources.The first Roman piece dates from the timeof Sulla; there is nothing from the earlierperiodof the Republic. Twelve denariihave survivedfromthe sixty years between Sulla and Augustus-five struck by Antony and seven by variousmoneyers.Considering he dearth of silver coinagefromthe Agora, this is a sizable total, espe-cially when contrastedwith the yield of the precedingand succeedingcenturies.Of the hundredsof thousands of New Style coins which must have been issued over the span of a hundred ormoreyears, the excavations revealedexactly one tetradrachmand one drachm;only six denariihave come down from the century separating the'reigns of Augustus and Vespasian. Againstthis background, the twelve denarii of late Republican date would seem to indicate a sub-stantial amount of Roman silver circulatingin Athens between 86 and 27 B.C., and the firstappearanceof this money about the time of the sack of the city byhe h Romans is a factorwhich must be taken into account by anyone studying the Athenian New Style and the Athe-nian Imperial sequences. Otherevidence, literary and archaeological,points to a relativelyrapidrecovery in Athens from the devastation of 86 B.C. During this period students from Romecame to attend Athenianschools, and the bond between the two cities was greatly strengthenedby the visit of Pompey c. 63/2 B.C. in the course of which the Roman generalmade generousgifts to individual Athenian philosophersand donated fifty talents toward the restoration ofthe city (Plutarch XLII, 6). Some of this money may have been expended on the erection ofnew civic offices in the Agora area, the addition of a porch to the Tholos and other buildingenterprisesdating from the first century B.C.

1. The archaeologicalmaterial in the discussion which follows is derived from the Agora excavation reports appearingin Hesperia (Vols. I-XX) and to an even greaterextent from the observations and suggestions of ProfessorHomer A. Thomp-son, Director ofe or Etions oheAgoraExcavations. For the Byantine period I am deeply indebted to ProfessorKenneth M. Setton forthe generosity with which he has sharedhis knowledgeof the literary sourcesand made available manuscriptsnow in processof publication. To him I owe the reference to the inflation policy of Nicephorus III (G. Ostrogorsky, Vierteljahrschrift.Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte,X, pp. 66, 69f.) and the tentative association of the iconoclastic decreeswith the scarcity.of coinage for the eighth and ninth centuries. Much of the historical evidence relating to Byzantine Athens is drawn fromtwo of Professor Setton's published articles ("The Bulgars in the Balkans and the Occupation of Corinth in the SeventhCentury",Speculum,1950, pp. 502-543 and "Athens in the Later Twelfth Century",Specu,lum, 944, pp. 179-207).While I am aware that there is a difference of opinion as to the date of the occupation of Corinthand the particularNorthern tribe which left evidence of its presencein the form of buckles found in Corinthiangraves (see Corinth,XII, TheMinorObjects,p. 5, note 8), it seems to me that the proportionsof coinagefrom the Agora do substantiate ProfessorSetton'sargumentsforaBulgaricinvasion in the mid-seventh century.1


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THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINSFor the first century of the Empire, the number of coins is insignificantalthough the era wascertainly one of material prosperity as is attested by the construction of the Odeion in theAgora and the completion of the Market of Caesarand Augustus. Apparently the ordinaryrequirementsof the city were adequately met by the local bronzeissues, whose chronologyandproportionswill be fundamental data in any final evaluation of the currencyof early RomanAthens. During the second century after Christ the Athenian Imperial coinage begins to besupplementedto a noticeable extent by the silver and bronze of Trajan,Hadrian and the An-tonines, a circumstance which undoubtedly reflects the deep interest of those emperors inAthens and their many contributions to her welfare and embellishment. This was a period ofsplendid civic enterprises: the endowment of great libraries, the erection of the Odeion ofHerodes Atticus and the completion of the Temple of OlympianZeus. In the Agora region itleft its imprint in structural improvements to the Tholos and the Odeion and in new housingcomplexes and baths on the outskirts of the market proper.From the time of Nerva through that of Severus Alexander the coinage shows a consistentpattern in the correlation of the coin totals with the length of the individual reigns. UnderMaximinus and his successorsthere is a marked increase in the Roman money in circulation,culminating during the sole reign of Gallienusin a vast amount of coinage which is not sur-passed until the time of ConstantiusII. Onereason for this expansion of the mid-thirdcenturymust have been the tapering off and cessation of the Athenian Imperial issues; another factormay have been the need for strengtheningthe city against the barbarian hreat from the North.The high proportionfor the sole reign of Gallienus is certainly to be explained by the disasterof 267 A.D. when the Heruli overwhelmed Athens and left an appalling swath of devastationthroughoutthe Agoraarea. In the burneddebris of houses destroyed duringthe holocaust, the

excavators have found Gallienus coins in quantity, unmistakable evidence of the haste withwhich the inhabitants fled or were overcome by the invaders.Extensive as was the damage of 267 A.D., it seems to have had, judging from the coinage,less lasting and cripplingeffect on the life of the city than one might suppose. The sole reigncoins of Gallienus have been arrangedchronologically only for the mint of Antioch, but of theseventy-eight pieces from that city, Alfoldi assigns ten to the final year of Gallienus' rule andanother nine specimens to the 266-268 A.D. period. For Claudius Gothicus' short reign thereis a fair quantity of money, and the proportionfor Aurelianis not greatly inferior to that forGallienus.The last quarterof the third century marks a temporaryrecessionin the monetary cycle ofAthens, followedin the course of the next hundredyears by the tremendousoutput of the sonsof Constantine and the only slightly less impressive totals of the Valentinian-Theodosius-Arcadiusera. SinceAthens as a wholeenjoyed a substantialmeasureof prosperityand academicrenownduringthe fourth century-the EmperorJulian being only one of many notables whoseties with the city were close and affectionate-one might logically construe the mass of Con-stantinian and Valentinian coinage as proof of extensive habitation and activity in the Agoraregion. Such seems not to have been the case at all. Under Probus, blocks and capitals fromthe celebrated civic buildings were used in the construction of the "Valerian"Wall, a new

defense line for the city. Graduallythe population withdrew behind this fortification, and formost of the fourth century the Agora area was apparently used as a dump! Thousands ofbronzes of the Houses of Constantine and Valentinian would seem to have been tossed awaycarelessly with the rubbish thrown into the abandonedmarketplace.

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INTRODUCTIONAccordingto the excavation record, it was only about 400 A.D. that there was a real ex-pansion of habitation outside the narrowconfinesof the "Valerian"Wall, in some instances inareas left desolate from the time of the Herulian invasion. Constructionoperationsinvolvingthe Bouleuterionand the Metroonand the erection of a complex of "University Buildings" onthe site of the Odeionalso date from the early fifth century. Here the numismatic evidence isseemingly at variance with the archaeological,for after the death of Arcadiusin 408 A.D. theimperial issues show a sharp decline. The discrepancyis, I think, merely a superficialone. Itis evident that duringmost of the fifth century and well into the sixth the mediumof exchangein Athens consisted of the miserable "Vandalic" chips which are omnipresent in the exca-vations. In the light of the number found in the Agora(4796pieces) it is impossible o maintainany longerthat all of these coins were struck by the Vandalsor any other barbaricpeople.Mostof them must, as is indicated more fully in the commentary, be brought into some kind ofassociation with the standardimperial issues, and are probably to be regardedas the work ofoutlying mints cut off from the direct supervisionof the capital duringthe recurrentbarbariancrises. In any case, whatever the origin of this coinage, the fact remains that it must be in-cluded in the fifth century totals if one is to establish a reasonably accurate picture of theamount of money circulatingin Athens duringthat period. There are then roughly 5400 coins,imperialand "Vandalic,"representingabout 120 years fromHonoriusto Justinian, or a yearlyaverageof some 45 pieces. While this representsa falling-offfrom the proportionsof the fourthcentury,the decline is not so pronouncedas to conflictseriouslywith the topographicalevidence.For the Byzantine era the coins are of special significance because Athenian history duringthose centuries is often not clearly defined, but the numismatic material shouldnow be evalu-ated with added caution in view of the fact that restriking becomes a common practice at

various periods. One cannot be certain how much money of any given emperorwas originallycurrent,since we have no way of knowingwhat proportionfrom differentparts of the empirewas called in and reissued by a successor.Furthermore,for the early sixth century the "Van-dalic" coinage must still be taken into consideration.The long reigns of Anastasius and Jus-tinian I are representedby relatively few of the new imperial denominations.It is reasonableto assume that the "Vandalic" pieces, many of which belong to the Anastasius-Justinianperiod, continued to be used extensively and because of their comparativelyslight value wereless carefully handled than the large new pieces from the imperial mints. One also wonders ifthe constant pressurefrom the barbariantribes, whose infiltrationsapparentlyextended as farsouth as Attica during the reign of Justinian, may not have impoverishedAthens to such adegree that there was little need for the more valuable currency, only small change beingrequiredfor the average commercialtransaction.With Justin II there is a decidedincrease in the number of large flan bronzesfound in theAgora, but this seemingly reflectsa deteriorationratherthan an improvementof conditionsinthe city. The archaeologicalevidence reveals widespreaddestructionin the Agoraarea towardthe end of the sixth century, resulting in another withdrawal of the inhabitants behind the"Valerian" Wall; the literary tradition indicates that-in 578 A.D. or shortly thereafter amighty horde of Slavs forced the pass at Thermopylaeand descendedinto Attica. In all prob-ability this Slavic invasion was the occasion for the evacuation of the Agora region, and theJustin coins found there, some in the burnedfill of buildings,are to be related to the hasty andenforceddepartureof its residents.The twenty-seven year reign of ConstansII left 817 coins in the Agora, a proportionalmost

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THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINSas strikingas that encounteredfour centuriesearlier under Gallienus.Severalpossibleexplana-tions are suggested by the historical record. There is good reason to believe that in the late640's a Bulgaric army invaded Greece, attacking and capturing Corinth.The logical route ofthe barbarians would have been from Thessalonicato Athens and then across the Isthmus toCorinth. More tangible proof that Athens and the Agora came into direct contact with theBulgarsis provided by the remainsof fire destructiondating from the seventh century and thediscoveryof Bulgaricbucklessimilarto those uncovered n Corinthiangraves. About 657/8 A.D.Constansorganizeda relief expedition for Thessalonica,and an auxiliary force may well havebeen dispatchedto the aid of Athens and Corinth.Finally the emperorhimself spent some timein Athens in 662 A.D. prior to his departurefor Sicily. The large number of Constans coinsfrom the Agora may plausibly be associated not only with the original Bulgaric invasion butalso with the later appearanceof Constansand his Byzantine soldiery in the city.After the death of Constans II there is a long periodof very scant coinage, brokenonly onceby the phenomenonof sixty-one coins from the two year reign of Philippicus. Some unusualcircumstanceof which we have no knowledgemust have been responsible for this dispropor-tionate amount of money. The situation is all the strangerin that, priorto the AgoraExcava-tions, the bronze I denomination of Philippicus was practically unknown and to the best ofmy belief specimens have not been found in other excavations. Among the Agora coins thereare three varieties of the general I type and almost without exception they are restruck,usually over issues of Justinian II. Because of the Athenian provenanceof so many of thesecoins and their scarcity elsewhere,one is tempted to suggest a local origin. Perhapssome break-down in communicationsbetween capital and province or an attempt on Philippicus' part todecentralize minting operations would account for Athens being permitted or instructed torestrike money of Justinian in current circulation with the types of Philippicus.The remainderof the eighth and most of the ninth century are almost devoid of coinage;only thirteen specimenshave survived from the 125 years between ConstantineV and Basil I.Significantlyenoughthere is little in the way of Agorahabitation, in the form of either structuralremains or pottery, which can be dated to the same period,and one concludesthat Athens hadshrunkin area and population to little more than a village. It is a curiouscoincidencethat theabsence of coinage in Athens occurs at just about the time that the iconoclastic decrees, sobitterly resented by the Greekiconodules, were being promulgated. It would almost seem asthough the province were deliberately cutting itself off from the capital, but one is still hard-pressed to explain how even a moderate sized community could exist for so long withoutmonetary replenishments.These "Dark Ages" were not confined to Athens. At Corinth one finds the same lack ofcoinage for the entire eighth century, but recovery there begins with the reign of Theophilus(829-842 A.D.) whereas in Athens it is only toward the middle of the tenth century that thecoins reappearin quantity. The revival of prosperity at Athens may have been delayed byincursions of the Moslempirates who harassed the Greekmainland and islands and possiblyoccupiedAthens for a brief interval duringthe first half of the tenth century.After the Aegean had been cleared of piracy through the efforts of NicephorusII and JohnZimisces, Athens experienceda growth in size and population. The eleventh and twelfth cen-turies have left remainsof extensive house foundationsand pottery deposits in the Agora, andthe abundance of the coinage gives further proof of a flourishingByzantine community. It isduring this period that the Agora coins make what is perhaps their most important contri-

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INTRODUCTIONbution of a purelynumismaticnature. With the 2200anonymous ssuesfoundin the excavations,it has been possible to develop a chronological arrangementof the whole series which rests ona firm basis of overstrike evidence. From the time of John Zimiscesto that of NicephorusIIIthere are 1512 anonymous pieces and 41 signed coins, a contrast which would seem to implythat in the Greekprovinces and probably throughout the empire as a whole, the anonymousissues provided the basic currency,the named types representing ittle more than token emis-sions. Under Nicephorus the situation is reversed in favor of the signed money which nowappears n profusion.In the Agora, 677 named and 359 anonymouscoins date fromNicephorus'three year reign between 1078 and 1081 A.D. This proportionis unique for the entire Romanand Byzantine period and quite inexplicable in terms of our present knowledge of ByzantineAthens. Nicephorus,like his successorAlexius, was forcedby economiccrises to adopt a policyof planned inflation involving a debasementof the currency,but this in itself would not seeman adequate explanation of the overwhelmingincrease in money for this one short period.The figuresfor Alexius and Manuel are even higherthan those for Nicephorus but less star-tling because of the longer reigns. Their totals and those of Andronicus and Isaac II point toan era of sustained prosperity throughout the twelfth century, ending with the occupationof the city by the Franks in 1204 A.D. For the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the issuesof Williamof Villehardouinand the de la Roche family and later the Venetianmoney of AndreaContariniand Antonio Venier supply the city with a fair amount of currency.From 1400 A.D.there is practically nothing until the Ottoman occupation.Even this cursory attempt to correlate the Agora coinage with the archaeologicaland his-torical evidence illustrates the various factors which determine the survival rate of ancientmoney. It is evident that peak coinagesare at times a measureof the size and prosperityof thecommunity. When there is extensive habitation of a site over a considerablenumberof years,as happened in eleventh and twelfth century Athens, a substantial amount of currency isrequiredand in the course of daily living a sizable proportionfinds its way into the streets,drains and wells of the city. It is equally clear that a sharpincreasein coin totals may be thesign of a suddencatastrophe,such as the Herulianinvasion, when money and other possessionsare abandonedin a desperateeffortto escape destruction.Apart from such external conditions,the coinage statistics from any excavation naturally bear a close relationshipto the intrinsicvalue of the individual coins. One of the startling facts emerging from the tabulation of theAgora material is the trifling representationof gold and silver. The 37,090 catalogued entriesinclude exactly one gold piece of Venice and 135 silver coins, amongthem plated specimensbutno billon. Over the course of fifteen centuries there certainly must have been a fair quantityof gold and silver circulating in Athens, but when such coins were misplaced, the loss was aserious one and the search not lightly abandoned. On the other hand the copiousbronze issuesof the fourth and fifth centuries were, as contrasted with the silver or even the antoniniani,of comparatively slight value. Their purchasing power must have been low and an individualpiece, once dropped or mislaid, would probably have seemed scarcely worth the trouble ofretrieval.One of the major contributionsof the Agora coinage is its detailed record of the mints fromwhich Athens derivedher money at differentperiods.From Augustusthrough Gallienus,Romeis naturally enough the chief, and at times the only, source of supply, although under Valerianand Gallienus the Asia mints are increasinglyimportant. With Aurelianand Severinathe shiftis definitely eastward-Siscia furnishing at least 55 pieces and Cyzicus 38 of 174 coins. Of

5


14/135

6 THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINSProbus' 101 specimens,24 are from Siscia with 27 from Cyzicus; the latter mint providesoverone half of the combined totals for Diocletian and Maximianus.From the time of Licinius I through Theodosius II, including all emperors representedbyany appreciableamount of coinage, the major identifiable sources are as follows:

Licinius I................LiciniusII ..............ConstantineI ............UrbsRoma ..............Constantinople..........Crispus .................Constantine I ...........Constantius I ..........Constans ..............ConstantiusGallus ......Julian II ...............HouseConstantine .......ValentinianI ............Valens ..................Gratian .................ValentinianII ...........TheodosiusI ............Arcadius ................Honorius ...............Theodosius I ............ValentinianI-III ........

Rome1

18112164138471019211011

Aquileia Siscia214 132

11102123851521

5918643881688113

2 2

Thess. Heraclea6 4244 2115 410 104 322 19169 7360 156 841 440 1653 2146 547 7161 10301 21173 215 1115 146 2

Const. Nicomedia19384 6321 614 14225 18247 13164 4819 1239 1592 4931 769 1912 1173 28126 46169 4641 1969 1749 12

Cyzicus636018102272207416235718451437156119442925

Antioch Alexandria1 1238 622 18878

11171213215183511718

3195144421712178

The aggregate for all mints for the same reigns:Thessalonica ...Constantinople .Cyzicus .......Nicomedia .....Antioch .......Heraclea ......Rome .........Siscia .........

186412441003585307259139125

Alexandria ....Aquileia .......Sirmium ......Aries ..........Treves ........Lyons .........Ticinum .......London .......

TheproportionsfromThessalonica,ConstantinopleandCyzicusgive the mint nearest Athensonly a small margin over the other two. Actually for the Constantinianperiod as a whole themajor source of supply is Constantinople,with Cyzicusnext and Thessalonicathird. It is onlyfrom the time of Julian II through the reign of Arcadius that Thessalonicagains and holdspreeminence.The only surprisingaspect of the general outline is the relative order of Nico-media, Antioch and Heraclea. One would expect to find Heraclea outranking the two moredistant mints. Its small representationmay indicate minor importance as a workshop or achannelingof its output to the north ratherthan the south.During the early Byzantine period the mint marks inscribed on the bronze denominationsshow this relationship:

955720177651


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INTRODUCTION 7Constantinople Thessalonica Nicomedia Cyzicus Antioch

Anastasilis ..... 20 8Justin I ......... 11 1Justinian ...... 48 8 10 3 15JustinII ........ 29 108 13 7 6TiberiusI ...... 6 9 2 3Maurice........ 14 9 1 1Phocas ......... 19 13 8 5 1Heraclius........ 157 41 18 3

The complete tally of all mints:Constantinople.. 304 Carthage ....... 7Thessalonica .... 188 Ravenna ....... 4Nicomedia ...... 53 Rome.......... 2Antioch ........ 34 Alexandria ..... 2Cyzicus ........ 18 Sicily .......... 1

With the exception of a few Sicilian emissions, the coinage from the reign of ConstansII tothe end of the Byzantine empireis attributedin its entirety to the mint of Constantinople.Thisis in such sharpcontrast to the number of cities strikingunderthe Roman and early Byzantinerulers as to seem quite incredible. Philip Grierson n the course of an article on the solidi ofMaurice,Phocas and Heraclius (Num. Chron., 1950, pp. 49-70) argues that the term "Con-stantinople," indicating the source of the gold coinage of the sixth andseventh centuries, mustbe understood as meaning Constantinopleand other eastern mints, that many of the "Con-stantinople" issues really belong to Cyzicus, Nicomedia and other workshops. The same situ-ation, it seems to me, is true for the bronze of a somewhat later period. Attempts have beenmade to allocate some of the bronzecoinage of ConstansII to a Cyprusmint and, although asindicated in the commentary, the extent of the assignment may be untenable, the suggestionof other sourcesfor Constans'abundant coinage is definitely a step forward.But the need forrearrangements not limited to the money of Constans.Surelythe copiousissues of the eleventhand twelfth centuries would have been quite beyond the capacity of any one mint apart fromconsiderationsof economy and efficiency in distributing the currencyto various parts of theempire. As regards Athens, one would logically expect that a substantial proportion of hercoinage continued to come from Thessalonica, a city controlled by the capital at almost allperiodsand still important enough in the thirteenth century to serve as the seat of an empireestablished by the princes of the Byzantine royal house after the fall of Constantinople.Any final definitionof the later Byzantine mints must rely heavily on the first-handevidenceof excavation coins from diverse sections of the eastern empire. As more of this material ismade available, one hopes that the pattern will reveal itself.


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ABBREVIATIONS IN THE CATALOGUEBerytus Berytus. ArchaeologicalStudies (AmericanUniversity of Beirut, 1934-)B1.-Dieud. A. Blanchet et A. Dieudonn6,Manuel de numismatique ranQaise 1912-1936)BMC H. Mattingly, Coinsof theRomanEmpire in the British Museum (1923-)W. Wroth, Catalogueof the Coins of the Vandals,Ostrogoths nd Lombardsand of theEmpires of Thessalonica,Nicaea and Trebizond n the British Museum (1911)W. Wroth, Catalogueof theImperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum (1908)C. H. Cohen,Description historiquedesmonnaiesfrapp6essous l'Empireromain,2nd Edition (1880-1892)CNI CorpusNummorum Italicorum (1910-)Edwards K. M. Edwards, Corinth,Volume VI, Coins1896 -1929 (AmericanSchool of Classical Studies at Athens, 1933)Gerin O. Voetter, Die MiinzenderromischenKaiser, Kaiserinnenund Caesarenvon Diocletianusbis Romulus.KatalogderhinterlassenenSammlungund Aufzeichnungendes Herrn Paul Gerin (1921)Hesperia Hesperia. Journal of the AmericanSchoolof ClassicalStudies at Athens (1932-)M. J. Maurice,Numismatiqueconstantinienne 1908-1912)NC Numismatic Chronicle(1838-)NNM Numismatic Notes and Monographs(AmericanNumismatic Society, 1920-)NZ NumismatischeZeitschrift (1869-)Pap. N. Papadopoli, Le Monete di Venezia (1893-1919)Pearce J. W. E. Pearce, The Roman CoinagefromA. D. 364 to 423 (1933)Poeyd'AvantF. Poey d'Avant, Monnaies feodalesde France (1858-1862)RIC H. Mattingly, E. A. Sydenham, C.H. V. Sutherland and R. A. G. Carson,TheRomanImperial Coinage(1923-)Sab. J. Sabatier, Descriptiong6enraledes monnaiesbyzantines(1862)Schlumb. G. Schlumberger, Numismatiquede l'Orientlatin (1878)Spinelli D. Spinelli, Monetecufiche (1844)Syd. Edward A. Sydenham, TheCoinageof the Roman Republic(1952)Tolstoi J. Tolstoi, Monnaies byzantines(1912-1914)

Italic type has been used for the catalogue numbers of silver and billon coins. An asterisk after a number indicatesdiscussion of the issue in the commentary.


17/135

CATALOGUEROMANREPUBLICAN COINAGE

(15)Q. TITIUS 88 B.C.1* As Romeor Italy Head of Janus/Prow r. Syd., p. 107, 694a

2 Den. Rome

3 Den. Italy

4 Den.(PI.) Spain

5 Den. Rome

6 Den. Rome

C. NORBANUS c. 80 B.C.Head of Venus r. with numberXXXVI/Fasces between corn-earand caduceus

TI. CLAUDIUS 78-77 B.C.Bust of Diana r./Victory in biga r.with number CXXIII

CN. CORNELIUS LENTULUS MARCELLINUSBust of Genius of Roman People r./Globe

M. AEMILIUS SCAURUS 58 B.C.King Aretas kneeling r. beside camel/Jupiter in quadriga1.

CN. PLANCI US c. 54 B.C.Head of Diana r./Cretangoat r.

Syd., p. 118, 739

Syd., p. 126, 770a

c. 76-74 B.C.Syd., p. 122, 752a

Syd., p. 152, 914

Syd., p. 156, 933

7 Den. RomeD. JUNIUS BRUTUS ALBINUS 49-48 B.C.Head of Pietas r./Claspedhands Syd., p. 158, 942

8 Den. Rome

9* Den.(P1.)

10 Den.(1 Pl.)

EphesusEphesus

1I Den. Ephesus12 Den. Ephesus13* As Uncertain

P. SEPULLIUS MACER c. 44 B.C.Veiled head of Caesarr./Venus 1.

M. ANTONIUS c. 37-31 B.C.Galley/Threestandards LEGVSame/Same with LEGXI

Same/Same with LEGXIIANTIQVAESame/Same with LEGXVHeads of Antony and Octavia r./Galley

Syd., p. 178, 1074

Syd., p. 196, 1221Syd., p. 196, 1229

Syd., p. 196, 1231Syd., p. 196, 1235Syd., p. 199, 1268 2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

12

11

1


18/135

10

Rome14 Den. 17 B.C.15 As 11-12 A.D.

Lyons16 Den. 2 B.C.-11 A.D.

The East17* As After 27 B.C.

18 Den.

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINSROMANIMPERIAL COINAGE

(18,674; 9 imit.)AUGUSTUS 27 B.C.-14 A.D. (5)

M SANQVINIVSIIIVIR Head of Julius jCaesarr.PONTIF MAXIMTRIBVNPOTXXXIIII Jaround SC

C L CAESARESAVGVSTIF COS DESIGPRINC IWENT Gaius and Lucius Caesarfacing

AVGVSTVS in wreath

TIBERIUS 14-37 A.D. (2)Lyonsc. 26-37 A.D. PONTIF MAXIM Livia seated r.

Rome19 Quad. 42 A.D.

Rome20 Quad. 64-66 A.D.Uncertain20a AE

CLAUDIUS 41-54 A.D. (1)PON MTR P IMPPPCOS II around SC

NERO 54-68 A.D. (2)PM TR P IMPPP SC Laurel branch

BMC, I, p. 13, 71-733MC, I, p. 50, 275f.

BMC, I, p. 89, 519-525

BMC, I, p. 117, 731-733

BMC, I, pp. 126f., 48-60

BMC, I, p. 190,181

BMC, I, p. 257, 288f.

Uncertain type

GALBA 68-69 A.D. (1)Rome21 Den. 68-69 A.D. IMP Emperorriding r. BMC, I, p. 312, 23

Rome22 Den. 69 A.D.

OTHO 69 A.D. (1)SECVRITASR Securitas . BMC, I, p. 367,19

Rome23 Den. 72-73 A.D.24 Den. 73 A.D.25 Den. 75-79 A.D.26 Den. 80-81 A.D.27 As 71 A.D.28 As 74 A.D.

Tarraco29* As 71 A.D.Uncertain29a 1 AR; 3 AE

VESPASIAN 69-79 A.D. (11)AVGVR TRIPOT Sacrificialimplements BMC, II, p. 11, 64PONTIF MAXIM Emperorseated r. BMC, II, p. 19, 98IOVISCVSTOS Jupiter facing BMC, II, p. 49, 276-278EX SC Victory 1. BMC, II, p. 243, 112-116VICTORIAAVGVSTISC Victory advancing 1.BMC, II, p. 133,tAEQVITASAVGVSTSC Aequitas 1. BMC, II, p. 161, 702

CONCORDIA AVG SC Concordiaseated 1. BMC, II, p. 191,t

Uncertain type

12

1

1

2

1

11

1

1

111111

1

J

J

4


19/135

CATALOGUERome30 Den. 77-78 A.D.

TITUS 79-81 A.D. (2)COS VI Mars1. BMC, II, p. 40, 221

Uncertain type

313233343536*

Den.Den.Den.Den.Den.Den.

Rome73 A.D.80 A.D.81 A.D.81-84 A.D.88-89 A.D.

37 Den. 90 A.D.38394041

Den.Den.AsQuad.

41a AE

424344

Den.Ses.Ses.

90-91 A.D.92 A.D.80-81 A.D.81-96 A.D.Uncertain

Rome97 A.D.96 A.D.97 A.D.

DOMITIAN 81-96 A.D. (18)No legend. Prince riding 1.PRINCEPS WENTVTIS AltarTR P COS VIIDES VIIIPP CurulechairSame. Dolphin around anchorSALVSAVGVST Salus seated 1.COS XIIlI Minervafighting r.IMPXXI COS XV CENS PPP Same but onprowSameIMPXXI COS XVI CENS PPP Minerva1.SECVRITASAVGVSTISC Securitas seated 1.SC Basket of corn-ears

Uncertain type

NERVA 96-98 A.D. (3)FORTVNAAVGVST Fortuna 1.ROMA RENASCENSSC Roma seated 1.FORTVNAAVGVSTSC Fortuna 1.

BMC, II, p. 24, 129-131BMC, II, p. 239, 92-96BMC, II, p. 302,18f.BMC, II, p. 302, 20BMC, II, p. 309, 54cf. BMC, II, p. 328,141(PLATE 1)BMC, II, p. 333,166BMC, II, p. 335,179f.BMC, II, p. 337, 192f.BMC, II, p. 275, *BMC, II, p. 410, 493

BMC, III, p. 6, 37-39BMC, III, p. 15,*BMC, III, pp. 19f., 107-109

TRAJAN 98-117 A.D. (46)PMTR P COS 1111P Victory advancing 1.SPQROPTIMO PRINCIPI ThreestandardsCOS V PP SPQROPTIMO PRINC Aequitas 1.Same. Aequitas seated 1.Same. Spes 1.Same with VESTA n exergue. Vestaseated 1.

BMC, III, p. 46,122f.BMC, III, p. 67,*BMC, III, pp. 71f., 281-287BMC, III, p. 72, 288-293BMC, III, p. 75, 319-321BMC, III, p. 86, 405-409

112-117 A.D.116 A.D.117-118 A.D.98-99 A.D.

c. 98-102 A.D.102 A.D.

PMTR P COS VI PP SPQR Trajan'scolumn cf. BMC, III, p. 112, 565Same. Genius1.No legend. Phoenix r.COS IIPP CONG PR SC Emperorseated 1.on platformTR POT COS IIPP SC Victory advancing 1.SC Boar r.IMP1111 OS 1111 ES V PP SC Pax seated 1.SPQROPTIMO PRINCIPISC Ceres1.

BMC, III, p. 117, 595-598BMC, III, p. 245, 49BMC, III, p. 147, 712

BMC, III, p. 150, 727f.BMC, III, p. 226, 1062-1067BMC, III, p. 159, 756

30a AE Uncertain

11

1

1

I1111111111

7

Rome101-102 A.D.104-107 A.D.107-111 A.D.

454647484950

111

Den.Den.Den.Den.Den.Den.

51* Den.(P1.)

52 Den.53 Den.54 Ses.

112111

555657

AsQuad.Ses.

1111

111

cf. BMC, III, p. 163, 771 18* Ses. 104-111 A.D.


20/135

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS596061*62

Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.

104-111 A.D.

115-116 A.D.,,3 Ses.

64 As65 Dup. 116-117 A.D.

The East66* As 115-116 A.D.

Same. Roma 1.Same. Aequitas1.Same. Annona 1.IMPERATORVIlI SC Emperorseated r.on platformSENATVSPOPVLVSQVEROMANVS FORTRED SC Fortuna seated 1.Same without FORT RED. Victoryadvancing r.Same. Emperorwith trophies

DAC PARTHICOPM TR POT XX COS VI PParound SC in wreath

BMC, III, p. 164, 772f.BMC, III, p. 165,*BMC, III, pp. 165f., 782-784BMC, III, p. 217,1017BMC, III, p. 219,1026BMC, III, p. 220, 1030-1032BMC, III, p. 226,1062-1067

BMC, III, p. 232,1092

Uncertain66a 1 AR; 21AE

676869*70717273

Den.Den.Den.Den.Den.Den.Ses.

Rome119-125 A.D.125-128 A.D.134-138 A.D.

8 A.D118 A.D.74 Dup.75 Ses. 119 A.D.76 Ses.77 Ses.78 Dup.79 Dup.80 Dup.81 Ses.82* Ses.83* Ses.84 Ses.85 Dup.86 As87 Ses.88 Ses.89 Ses.90* Dup.

or As91 Dup.or As92 Ses.

119-121 A.D.

122-125 A.D.

125-128 A.D.

128-132 A.D.132-134 A.D.

134-136 A.D.

22ncertain type

HADRIAN 117-138 A.D. (67)PM TR P COS III Genius1. BMC, III, p. 263, 184f.Same with PROAVG in field. Providentia 1. BMC, III, p. 277, 303COS III Roma seated 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 287, 372FIDESPVBLICA Fides r. BMC, III, pp. 320f., 629-631MONETAAVG Moneta 1. BMC, III, p. 326, 680f.SALVSAVG Salus 1. BMC, III, p. 331, 726f.PONT MAXTR POT COS IISC LIBERALITASMC, III, p. 404, 1136AVG Emperorseated 1. on platformPONT MAXTR POT COS IIADVENTVSAVG SC Emperorand RomaPONT MAX TR POT COS IIISCFelicitas 1.PONT MAX TR POT COS IIILIBERALITASAVG SC Emperorseated 1. on platformPIETASAVGVSTISC Pietas r.SameMONETAAVGVSTISC Moneta 1.SALVSPVBLICASC Salus 1.PMTR P COS IIISC Ceres1.Same. Spes advancing 1.Same with VIRTAVG in field. Virtus 1.COS IIISC Roma seated 1.Same. Pegasus advancing r.Same. Roma seated 1.Same. SimilarFELICITATI VG SC COS IIIPP Galley r.COS IIIPP SC FORTRED Fortuna seated 1.CLEMENTIAAVG COS IIIPP SCClementia 1.COS IIIPP SC Emperor on horsebackr.ADVENTVIAVGGALLIAE C Emperorand Gallia

11111111MC, III, pp. 404f., 1138-1140

BMC, III, p. 408,1153BMC, III, p. 408, 1159

111111111

BMC, III, p. 416, 1198f.BMC, III, pp. 420f., 1233f.BMC, III, p. 420, 1230BMC, III, p. 421,1237f.BMC, III, p. 423, 1248cf. BMC, III, p. 424, 1256cf. BMC, III, p. 425,1263BMC, III, pp. 431f., 1294 (1).1300 (1)BMC, III, p. 436, 1332f.BMC, III, p. 438,*BMC, III, p. 445, 1363BMC, III, p. 450, 1386BMC, III, p. 455, 1416BMC, III, p. 458, 1438BMC, III, p. 460, 1452

21211111

BMC, III, p. 491, 1641f.1

121121111

1


21/135

CATALOGUE93*9495*

Ses.Ses.Dup.or As

96 Dup.or As97 Ses.98* Ses.99* Ses.

100* Ses.101 Dup.or As102 Dup.or As103 Dup.or As

134-136 A.D. AEGYPTOSSC Aegyptos reclining1.BRITANNIASC Britannia seated facingHISPANIASC Hispania reclining 1.

,, RESTITVTORIMACEDONIAESC Emperorraising Macedonia134-138 A.D. PAX AVG SC Pax 1.

,, ROMA SC Romal.,, SC Nemesis advancing r.,, Same. Emperorr.

,, FORTVNAAVG SC Fortuna 1.,, LIBERALITAS VG VI SC Liberalitas1.,, ROMASC Roma l.

cf. BMC, III, p. 504, 1693BMC, III, p. 508, 1723cf. BMC, III, p. 511, 1752BMC, III, p. 524, 1826ABMC, III, p. 472, 1528cf. BMC, III, p. 474, 1540cf. BMC, III, p. 475, 1549cf. BMC, III, p. 475, 1552BMC, III, p. 482, 1595 (1).1598 (1)BMC, III, p. 483,tBMC, III, p. 484, 1610

Uncertain103a 1AR; 26 AE

Rome104 Ses. 128-134 A.D.105 Dup.or As

Uncertain type

SABINA (2)PIETASAVG SC Pietas with childrenSame

BMC, III, p. 537, 1875f.BMC, III, p. 540, 1898f.

RomeANTONINUS PIUS 138-161 A.D. (46)

106 Den. 138 A.D. AVG PIVSPM TR P COS DES II Minerva1.107 Den. 157-158 A.D. TR POTXXI COS I111 Aequitas 1.108* Den. 159-160 A.D. TEMPLDIVIAVG RESTCOS 1111Octastyletemple109 As 139 A.D. TR POT COS IISC Aequitas 1.110 As 140 A.D. AVRELIVSCAES AVG Pll F COS SCBust of M. Aurelius1.111* Ses. 140-144 A.D. PAX AVG SC Pax 1.112 Ses. ,, TIBERIS C Tiberisreclining1.113 Ses. ,, TR POT COS IIISC Wolf and twins114* Dup. ,, GENIO SENATVSSC Genius 1.115 Ses. 145-161 A.D. FELICITAS VG SC Felicitas 1.116 Ses. ,, SC Marsadvancing r.117 Dup. 147-148 A.D. HONORI AVG COS 1111C Honos 1.118 Ses. 155-156 A.D. TR POTXIX COS 1111C Fides 1.119 Ses. 156-157 A.D. TR POT XX COS 1111C Providentia 1.120 Dup. ,, Same. Jupiter 1.121 Ses. 157-159 A.D. VOTA SOL DEC II SC COS 1111Emperorsacrificing1.122* Dup. ,, VOTA SVSCEPTADEC IIISC COS 1111

Similar123 Dup. 158-159 A.D. PIETATIAVG COS 1111C Pietas withchildren124 As , FORTVNAOPSEQVENSSC COS 1111Fortuna 1.

BMC, IV, p. 4, 10f.BMC, IV, p. 132, 899f.cf. BMC, IV, p. 147,*BMC, IV, p. 184,*BMC, IV, p. 196, 1223cf. BMC, IV, p. 203, 1265BMC, IV, p. 210, 1313-1315BMC, IV, p. 211, 1318-1320BMC, IV, p. 214, 1336-1339BMC, IV, p. 271, 1677-1680BMC, IV, p. 275, 1705f.BMC, IV, p. 280, 1738BMC, IV, p. 335, 1995-1997BMC, IV, p. 340, 2015BMC, IV, pp. 340f., 2019-2021BMC, IV, p. 278, 1723f.cf. BMC, IV, p. 282, 1746BMC, IV, p. 354, 2072BMC, IV, p. 355, 2078f. 1

1311111111211

27

11

111111112221111111


22/135

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS125 Ses.125a AE

161 A.D.

RomeAfter 147 A.D.141-147 A.D.After 147 A.D.

132 Ses.133 Ses.134 Dup.or As135 Dupor As

CONSECRATIOSC Funeral pyreUncertain type

FAUSTINA I (14)AVGVSTA Ceres l.Same. Vesta seated 1.PIETASAVG SC Pietas 1.AETERNITAS C Aeternitas seated l.Same. Aeternitas 1.Same. Juno 1.VESTASC Vesta l.IVNO SC Juno 1.SameAETERNITAS C Juno 1.

BMC, IV, pp. 525f., 872-875

BMC, IV, p. 58, 399-402BMC, IV, pp. 62f., 443-446cf. BMC, IV, p. 283, 1442BMC, IV, pp. 238f., 1482f.BMC, IV, pp. 239f., 1490-1493cf. BMC, IV, p. 238, 1480(PLATE 1)BMC, IV, p. 246, ?BMC, IV, p. 245, 1531-1535BMC, IV, p. 255, 1596-1598BMC, IV, pp. 246f., 1540f.

IVNONI REGINAE Juno seated 1.Uncertain type

Rome137 Den. 161 A.D.138 Den. 161-162 A.D.139 Den.140 Dup.or As141* Dup.142 Dup.143 Ses.144 Ses.145 Ses.146147148*149150151*

Ses.AsSes.Dup.Ses.Ses.

151a AE

175-176 A.D.145-160 A.D.

MARCUS AURELIUS 161-180 A.D.CONCORD AVG TR P XV COS IIIConcordia seated 1.PROVDEOR TR P XVI COS IIIProvidentia 1.TR PXXX IMPVIIICOS III GeniusI.COS II SC Roma 1.

165-166 A.D. TR P XX IMPIIICOS IIISC Roma seated 1.,, TR P XX IMPIIIICOS IIISC Similar

169-170 A.D. SALVTIAVG COS IIISC Salus 1.170-171 A.D. SALVTIAVGVSTAESC Salus seated 1.

VOTA SVSCEPDECENN II SC COS IIIEmperorsacrificing1.171-172 A.D. IMPVI COS IIISC Roma seated 1.,, Same. Victory advancing 1.173-174 A.D. Same. Jupiter seated 1.174-175 A.D. TR PXXIX IMPVIIICOS IIISC Annona 1.177-178 A.D. IMPVIIIICOS IIIPP SC Aequitas 1.178-179 A.D. FELICITAS VG IMPVIIll COS IIIPP SCFelicitas 1.

Uncertain type

(26)BMC, IV, p. 386, 2

BMC, IV, p. 410, 196f.BMC, IV, p. 483, 678f.BMC, IV, p. 290,*cf. BMC, IV, p. 591,tBMC, IV, p. 593, 1295BMC, IV, p. 614, 1376f.BMC, IV, p. 617, ?BMC, IV, p. 620, 1402f.BMC, IV, p. 622, 1416f.BMC, IV, p. 625, 1431cf. BMC, IV, p. 633, 1470BMC, IV, p. 641, 1515BMC, IV, p. 674, 1678f.cf. BMC, IV, p. 677,t

FAUSTINA II (28)FECVNDITAS Fecunditas r.SALVS Salus 1.PVDICITIA C Pudicitia seated 1.

BMC, IV, p. 398, 91-95BMC, IV, p. 404,141-145BMC, IV, p. 875, 2159

14

126127128*129130131*

Den.Den.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.

123

1111111111

Uncertain136* Den.136a AE

(PLATE 1) 13

111111211

211111

152153154

Rome161-176 A.D.147-150 A.D.

Den.Den.Dup.or As

9

11

I


23/135

CATALOGUE155 Dup.or As156 Ses.157 Dup.or As158 Dup.

or As159 Dup.or As160 Ses.161 Ses.162 Ses.163 Ses.164 Dup.or As165 Dup.or As166 Dup.or As167 Ses.

147-150 A.D.150-152 A.D.

152-153 A.D.

VENVSSC Venus r.Same. Venus 1.Same. Venus r.IVNO SC Juno 1.

,, VENVS SC Venus leaning on column161-176 A.D. HILARITAS C Hilaritas 1.

,, IVNO SC Juno 1.,, IVNONI REGINAESC Same,, SALVTIAVGVSTAESC Salus seated 1.

,, CONCORDIA SC Concordiaseated 1.,, LAETITIA C Laetitia r.

TEMPORFELICSC Felicitas 1.After 175 A.D.

168 Ses.169 Dup.or As169a AE

AETERNITAS C Aeternitas seated 1.SIDERIBVSRECEPTA C Faustina 1.SC Crescentand stars

BMC, IV, p. 376, 2164f.BMC, IV, p. 377, 2168BMC, IV, p. 377, 2169BMC, IV, p. 380, 2188BMC, IV, p. 856, add. to p. 381BMC, IV, pp. 531f., 911-913BMC, IV, p. 532, 917BMC, IV, p. 533, 919-923BMC, IV, p. 535, 945-948BMC, IV, p. 589, 969f.BMC, IV, p. 541, 987BMC, IV, pp. 542f., 996-998BMC, IV, p. 652, 1566BMC, IV, p. 655, 1589f.BMC, IV, p. 656, 1593f.

Uncertain type

170 Den.171 Den.172* Ses.

Rome164-165 A.D.165-166 A.D.161 A.D.

173 Ses.174* As 163-164 A.D.175 Ses. 165-166 A.D.176* Ses. 167-168 A.D.177 Ses.177a AE

178 Den.179 Ses.180 Dup.or As181 Ses.

Rome164-169 A.D.

After 169 A.D.

LUCIUS VERUS 161-169 A.D. (11)TR P V IMPII COS II Roma advancing 1.PAX AVG TR P VI COS II Pax 1.FELTEMPCOS II SC Felicitas 1.CONCORD AVGVSTORTR P SC COS IIEmperorsclasping handsTR P 1111MPII COS II SCEmperorriding r.TR POT VI IMP1111 OS IISCVictory with shieldTR POT VIIIIMPV COS IIISCAequitas seated 1.Same with FORT REDin exergue. Fortunaseated 1.Uncertain type

BMC, IV, p. 437, 381f.BMC, IV, p. 443, 420cf. BMC, IV, p. 522,*(PLATE 1)BMC, IV, p. 523, 856f.cf. BMC, IV, p. 567, 1131BMC, IV, p. 596, 1308f.cf. BMC, IV, p. 604, 1341BMC, IV, p. 604, 1343

LUCILLA (5)CONCORDIA Concordiaseated 1.CONCORDIA SC SameSALVSSC Salus seated 1.VENVS SC Venus 1.

BMC, IV, p. 430, 333-335BMC, IV, p. 576,*BMC, IV, p. 579, 1222f.BMC, IV, pp. 571f., 1167-1171

Rome182 Den. 181-182 A.D.COMMODUS 176-192 A.D. (15)

LIBAVG V TR P VII IMP 1111OS IIIPPLiberalitas 1. BMC, IV, p. 700, 70-72 1

151111121111111119

1111111

3

1112


24/135

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS183184185186187188

Den.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.

181-182 A.D.179 A.D.181-182 A.D.183 A.D.186 A.D.

189 Ses. 186-189 A.D.190 Ses. 190 A.D.191 As 192 A.D.192* As192a AE

193* Dup.or AsRome180-183 A.D.

TR P VIIIMPV COS IIIPP Roma 1.IMP II COS II PPSC Minerva1.VIRTVTIAVGVSTITR P VII IMP1111 OS IIIPP SC Emperorriding r.TR P VIIIIMPVICOS 1111P SC Pax 1.PM TR P XI IMPVIICOS V PP SC Roma 1.SAEC FELPM TR P XI IMPVII COS V PP SCVictory r. with shieldVICTORIAEFELICI C COS V PPVictory flying 1.TEMPORFELICPM TR P XV IMPVIIICOSVI SC Caduceusand crossed cornucopiaeLIBAVG VIIIPMTR P XVII COS VII PPSCLiberalitas 1.PM TR P XVII IMPVIIICOS VII PP SCVictory advancing 1.Uncertain type

CRISPINA (3)IVNO LVCINASC Juno 1.

BMC, IV, p. 704, 93BMC, IV, p. 678, 1699f.BMC, IV, p. 777, 480BMC, IV, p. 786, 515BMC, IV, p. 804,*BMC, IV, p. 806, 584BMC, IV, pp. 814f., 611f.BMC, IV, p. 827, 655f.BMC, IV, p. 841,tcf. BMC, IV, p. 841,11

cf. BMC, IV, pp. 768f., 433f.194 Dup.or As194a AE

Rome195 Ses. 193 A.D.

VENVS SC Venus 1. BMC, IV, p. 769, 439Uncertain type

DIDIUS JULIANUS 193 A.D. (1)PMTR P COS SC Fortuna 1. BMC, V, p. 16, 25-27

Rome196 Ses. 193A.D.MANLIA SCANTILLA (1)

IVNOREGINA C Juno1. BMC, V, p. 17, 32-36

SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS 193-211 A.D. (13)PM TR P XIllI COS IIIPP Annona 1.LIBERALITASVG VI Liberalitas1.RESTITVTOR RBIS Roma seated 1.PMTR P XVIIICOS IIIPP Salus seated 1.AFRICASC Africa r.PMTR P IIICOS II PP SC Fortuna 1.PM TR P 1111 OS II PP SC Jupiter 1.VICTORIAEBRITTANNICAE CTwo Victories with shieldUncertain type

JULIA DOMNA (6)VENVS GENETRIX Venus seated l.IVNO SC Juno 1.IVNONEMSC Same

BMC, V, pp. 252f., 489-492BMC, V, p. 220, 351BMC, V, p. 222, 360cf. BMC, V, pp. 360f., 20-22cf. BMC, V, p. 127, 504cf. BMC, V, p. 142, 580BMC, V, p. 145, 590BMC, V, p. 325, 811

BMC, V, p. 434, 23B-26BMC, V, pp. 468f., 206f.BMC, V, p. 469, 208f.

1611111111114

111

1

197198199200*201*202*203204

1

Den.Den.Den.Den.

(P1.)Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.

Rome206 A.D.209 A.D.210 A.D.194 A.D.195 A.D.196 A.D.210 A.D.

204a AE

1111

205206207*

1111

Rome215-217 A.D.211-215 A.D.

Den.Ses.Ses.

5

111


25/135

CATALOGUE208 Ses. 211-215 A.D. MATAVGG MAT SEN M PATRSCDomna seated 1. BMC, V, p. 469, 213f.

Uncertain type

CARACALLA 198-217A.D. (12)PONTIFTR P XIICOS III Virtus r.PONTIFTR P XIIICOS III Concordiaseated 1.MARTIPACATORI Mars1.PM TR P XIIllCOS IIIPP Pax advancing 1.PM TR P XVIIICOS 1111P Aesculapius1.Same. Lion advancing 1.Same. Sol 1.Same. Serapis1.SECVRITATI ERPETVAE CSecuritas seated r.

PM TR P XVIICOS 1111P Sol 1.Uncertain type

PLAUTILLA (2)PIETASAVGG Pietas r.VENVS VICTRIX Venus r.

BMC, V, p. 358,13cf. BMC, V, pp. 363f., 34-36BMC, V, pp. 371f., 81-86BMC, V, p. 420, 4f.BMC, V, pp. 451f., 103f.BMC, V, p. 459, 150BMC, V, p. 456, 135cf. BMC, V, p. 455, 126BMC, V, p. 411, 250-252

cf. BMC, V, p. 451(e)

BMC, V, pp. 237f., 422-426BMC, V, p. 238, 428-430

Rome221 Ses. 210 A.D.222 Ses. 210-212 A.D.223 Ses. 211 A.D.223a AE

GETA 209-212 A.D. (5)PONTIFTR P IICOS II SCEmperors sacrificingLIBERALITASVGGVI ET V SCEmperors seated on platformVICT BRITTR P IIICOS IISCVictory seated r.Uncertain type

BMC, V, p. 401, 214f.BMC, V, p. 407, 234BMC, V, p. 416, 268

ELAGABALUS 218-222 A.D. (4)ABVNDANTIAAVG Abundantia1.VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1.PM TR P III COS IIIPPEmperor1. sacrificingSame with SC. Sol advancing 1.

BMC, V, p. 560,193f.BMC, V, p. 566, 237-239cf. BMC, V, p. 569, 256-258cf. BMC, V, p. 610, 439

Rome228 Ses. 218-222 A.D.JULIA MAESA (1)

PVDICITIA C Pudicitia seated 1. BMC, V, p. 599, 395

SEVERUS ALEXANDER 222-235 A.D. (26)PIETASAVG Pietas 1.PM TR P COS PP SC Marsadvancing r.

RIC, IV2,p. 84,170RlC, IV2,p. 103, 390

208a AE

1712

209210*211212213214215216*217

Den.Den.Den.

(PI.)Den.Den.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ses.

Rome209 A.D.210 A.D.210-213 A.D.211 A.D.215 A.D.

210-213 A.D.

Uncertain

Rome202-205 A.D.

111111111

218* Ant.218a AE

219 Den.220 Den.

12

11

211

224225226*

Rome220-222 A.D.221 A.D.

Den.Den.Den.

227* Ses.

1

1111

Rome222 A.D.en.Ses.

229*230

2

1

11


26/135

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS231 Ses. 223 A.D.232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248

Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.

225 .D.227 A.D.228 A.D.228 A.D.230 A.D.231 A.D.

Ses.Ses.AsSes.Ses.Ses.Ses.

232 A.D.233 A.D.234 A.D.

Antioch249* Den. 228-231 A.D.

PONTIFMAX TR P IICOS PP SCPax seated 1.Same. Securitas seated 1.IOVIVLTORISC Jupiter seated 1.AEQVITASAVGVSTISC Aequitas 1.PAX AVG SC Pax advancing 1.ROMAEAETERNAESC Roma seated 1.PMTR P VIIIlCOS IIIPP SC Sol 1.VICTORIAAVGVSTISC Victory r.Same. Victory l.ANNONA AVGVSTISC Annona 1.IOVIPROPVGNATORISCJupiter advancing 1.PM TR P X COS IIIPPSC Sol l.Same. Annona 1.PONTIF MAX TR P X COS IIIPP SC PROFAVG Emperorriding r.PMTRPXICOSIII PPSC Sol l.PM TR P XIICOS IIIPP SC Sol advancing 1.PMTR P XIIICOS IIIPP SC SameSPESPVBLICASC Spes advancing 1.

LIBERTAS VG Libertas 1.

RIG, IV2, p. 104, 402RIG, IV2,p. 104, 407RIC, IV2,p. 115, 560RIC, IV2, p. 114, 547RIC, IV2,p. 117, 591RIG, IV2, p. 118, 602RIC, IV2,p. 110, 500RIC, IV2,p. 119, 616RIC, IV2, p. 119, 618RIC, IV2,p. 114, 549RIC, IV2,p. 120, 628RIC, IV2, p. 111,515RIC, IV2, p. 112, 520RIC, IV2, p. 112, 524RIC, IV2, p. 112, 528RIC, IV2, p. 113, 535RIC, IV2,p. 113, 538RIC, IV2,p. 121, 648

RIC, IV2,p. 92, 285

250* Den.(P1.)Uncertain VENVS CEL Venus seated 1.

JULIA MAMAEA (13)IVNOCONSERVATRIX Juno 1.FECVNDAVGVSTAE Fecunditas seated 1.VESTA Vesta 1.FELICITAS VBLICASC Felicitas 1.Same. Felicitas seated 1.FECVNDITASAVGVSTAESC Fecunditas 1.IVNO AVGVSTAESC Juno seated 1.VENERIFELICI C Venus r.VENVSFELIXSC Venus seated 1.VESTASC Vesta l.Uncertain type

MAXIMINUS I 285-238 A.D. (21)PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1.PROVIDENTIAAVG Providentia 1.SALVSAVGVSTI Salus seated 1.FIDESMILITVMC Fides 1.PAX AVGVSTISC Pax l.SALVSAVGVSTISC Salus seated 1.VICTORIAAVG SC Victory advancing r.Same

RIC, IV2,p. 98,343RIC, IV2,p. 98, 332RIC, IV2, p. 99, 360RIC, IV2,p. 125, 676RIC, IV2, p. 125, 679RIG, IV2,p. 124, 668RIC, IV2,p. 125, 683RIG, IV2, p. 126, 694RIC, IV2,p. 126, 701RIC, IV2, p. 127, 708

RIC, IV2,p. 140,12RIC, IV2,p. 141, 13RIC, IV2,p. 141, 14RIG, IV2,p. 144, 43RIG, IV2, p. 145, 58RIG, IV2, p. 145, 64RIC, IV2,p. 145, 67RIG, IV2,p. 145, 68

18111111111111211411

1

(PLATE 1) 1

Rome226 A.D.229-231 A.D.228 A.D.229-231 A.D.

Rome235 A.D.

251252253254255256257258259260260a

261262263264265266267

Den.Den.Den.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.AE

Den.Den.Den.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.

11111112211

268 Dup.

11133111,


27/135

CATALOGUEFIDESMILITVMC Fides1.PAXAVGVSTIC Pax 1.SALVSAVGVSTIC Salusseated1.VICTORIA ERMANICAC Victory1.

RIC, IV2,p. 146, 78RIC, IV2,p. 146, 81RIC, IV2,p. 147, 85RIC, IV2, p. 147, 90

Rome273 Ses. 286 A.D.MAXIMUS (2)

PRINCIPIWENTVTISC Prince1. RIC, IV2,p. 156,13PUPIENUS 238 A.D. (2)

CONCORDIA AVGG SC Concordiaseated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 175, 20Uncertain type

275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293*294295296297298299300301302303304

Den.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Dup.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.

Rome241 A.D.289 A.D.240 A.D.241-243 A.D.

243 A.D.243-244 A.D.

238-239 A.D.240 A.D.

241-243 A.D.

248 A.D.243-244 A.D.

Romeor Antioch305* Ant. 288-239 A.D.306 Ant. 239-240 A.D.

2*

GORDIAN III 238-244 A.D. (52)SALVSAVGVSTISalusr.PMTR P II COS PP Victory advancing 1.CONCORDIA AVG Concordiaseated 1.CONCORDIAMILIT SameAETERNITATIVG Sol1.IOVISTATORI Jupiter r.LAETITIAVGN Laetitia1.VIRTVTIAVGVSTI Hercules r.PMTRPVI COSIIPP Emperor .FORTREDVX Fortuna seated 1.MARS PROPVG Mars advancing r.SECVRITERP Securitas.VICTORAETER Victory1.VICTORIA ETER SameFIDESMILITVMC Fides1.PMTRP IICOSPPSC Emperorsacrificing1.PMTRP IIICOSPPSC SameVIRTVS VGSC Virtus1.AETERNITATIVGSC Sol1.FELICITASVGSC Felicitas1.SECVRITASAVG SC Securitas seated 1.LAETITIAVGN SC Laetitia1.SamePMTRPVI COS IIPP SC Emperor .FELICITEMPOR C Felicitas1.FELICITASEMPORVMC SameMARSPROPVGNATSC Marsadvancing r.MARTEMROPVGNATOREMC SameSECVRITASERPETVAC Securitas .VICTORIA ETERNAVictory1.PROVIDENTIAAVG Providentia 1.PMTRP IICOSPP Serapis .

RIC, IV3,p. 28, 129ARIC, IV3,p. 17,19RIC, IV3,p. 19, 35RIC, IVs, p. 28, 65RIC, IV3,p. 24, 83RIC, IV3,p. 25, 84RIC, IV3,p. 25, 86RIC, IV3,p. 25, 95RIC, IV3,p. 25, 94RIC, IV3,p. 31, 143RIC, IV3,p. 31, 145RIC, IV3,p. 31,151RIC, IV3,p. 31,154RIC, IV3,p. 31,155RIC, IV3,p. 43, 254aRIC, IV3,p. 45, 271RIC, IV3, p. 47, 292aRIC, IV3,p. 47, 293aRIC, IV3,p. 48, 297aRIC, IV3, p. 49, 310aRIC, IV3,p. 49, 311aRIC, IV3, p. 48, 300aRIC, IV3, p. 48, 300cRIC, IV3, p. 49, 308aRIC, IV3, p. 51, 328aRIC, IV3, p. 51, 330RIC, IV3, p. 52, 332aRIC, IV3,p. 52, 333RIC, IV3,p. 52, 336RIC, IV3,p. 52, 338aRIC, IV3,p. 16, 4 or p. 35, 193RIC, IV3,p. 18, 30

236 A.D.69270271272

Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.

196111

274 Ses.274a AE

Rome238 A.D.

2

11

31112322

31111111111211111112

11


28/135

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS307 Ant. 248-244 A.D.308 Ant. 244 A.D.

FORTVNAREDVX Fortuna seated 1.PM TR P VII COS IIPP Marsadvancing r.

RIC, IV3, p. 31, 144 or p. 37, 210RIC, IV3, p. 32, 167A or p. 36, 207

VIRTVSAVG Virtus 1.ANNONA AVGG Annona 1.Uncertain type

RIC, IV3,p. 39, 229RIC, IV3,p. 89, 231

311312313314315316317318319320321322323324

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.Ses.

325* Ant.326 Ant.327 Ant.

Rome244 A.D.244-245 A.D.245 A.D.245-247 A.D.248 A.D.248-249 A.D.244 A.D.245 A.D.245-247 A.D.248 A.D.Antioch247-249 A.D.249 A.D.

Uncertain328* Ant.328a Ant. (3) AE (1)

PHILIP I 244-249 A.D. (31)LAETITFVNDAT Laetitia 1.VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing r.SECVRITORBIS Securitas seated 1.LIBERALITASVGG II Liberalitas 1.FELICITAS EMP Felicitas 1.AEQVITASAVGG Aequitas 1.SAECVLARES VGG Columnwith COS IIISAECVLVMNOWM Hexastyle templeFIDESEXERCITVS Four standardsFIDESMILITVMC Fides 1.SALVSAVG SC Salus 1.FELICITAS EMPSC Felicitas 1.AEQVITASAVGG SC Aequitas 1.SAECVLARES VGG SC Lion r.

AEQVITASAVG Aequitas 1.PMTR P VI COS PP Felicitas 1.Same. Emperorsacrificingl.

ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1.Uncertain type

RIC, IV3,p. 72, 36bRIC, IV3,p. 74, 49bRIC, IV3, p. 73, 48bRIC, IV3,p. 72, 38bRIC, IV3, p. 72, 31RIC, IV3, p. 71, 27bRIC, IV3, p. 71, 24cRIC, IV3,p. 71, 25bRIC, IV3, p. 75, 62RIC, IV3,p. 90,172aRIC, IV3,p. 91, 187aRIC, IV3,p. 90, 169aRIC, IV3, p. 89, 166a (2). 166c (1)RIC, IV3, p. 89,158

cf. RIC, IV3, p. 78, 82(PLATE 1)RIC, IV3, p. 78, 78RIC, IV,, p. 78, 79a (1). 79b (1)

RIC, IV3, p. 81, 106A

OTACILIA SEVERA (9)Rome329 Ant. 245 A.D. PVDICITIAAVG Pudicitia seated 1.330 Ant. 246-248 A.D. IVNO CONSERVAT Juno 1.331 Ant. 248 A.D. SAECVLARES VGG 1111Hippopotamus r.332 Ses. 245-247 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG SC Concordiaseated 1.333 Ses. 248-249 A.D. PIETASAVGVSTAESC Pietas 1.

Uncertain

Rome249-251 A.D.

c. 249 A.D.

CONCORDIA AVGG Concordiaseated 1.

RIC, IV3,p. 83, 123cRIC, IV3,p. 83,127RIG, IV3,p. 82,116bRIC, IV3,p. 94, 203a (2).203e (1). 204 (1)RIC, IV3, p. 94, 208a

RIC, IV3, p. 86,143

TRAJAN DECIUS 249-251 A.D. (10)ABVNDANTIAAVG Abundantia r.DACIA Dacia 1.VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1.DACIA SC Dacia 1.

RIC, IV3, p. 121, lObRIC, IV3,p. 121, 12bRIC, IV3,p. 123, 29cRIC, IV3,p. 133, 101 a

20

Uncertain309*310310a

Ant.Ant.AE

11

111

11222111212131

12

24

11141

134* Ant.

335336337338

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ses.

1111


29/135

CATALOGUE249-251 A.D. FELICITASAECVLI C Felicitas 1.

PANNONIAE SC Two Pannoniae,, VICTORIAAVG SC Victory advancing 1.

LIBERALITASVG SC Liberalitas1.

RIG, IVa,p. 135, 115aRIC, IV3,p. 136, 124aRIC, IV3,p. 136,126dRIC, IV3,p. 136, 120a

Uncertain type

Rome249-251 A.D.

Romec. 250-251 A.D.

Rome251-253 A.D.

253 A.D.

Milan251-253 A.D.

Antioch251-253 A.D.

HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA (5)FECVNDITASAVG Fecunditas 1.PVDICITIAAVG Pudicitia 1.Same. Pudicitia seated 1.

HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS 251 A.D.PRINCIPI WENTVTIS Apollo seated 1.Same. Prince 1.

TREBONIANUS GALLUS 251-253 A.D.ANNONA AVGG Annona r.IVNO MARTIALIS Juno seated 1.LIBERTAS VGG Libertas 1.PIETASAVGG Pietas 1.PROVIDENTIAAVGG Providentia 1.LIBERALITASVGG SC Liberalitas1.PMTR P IIIICOS IIPP SC Emperorsacrificing1.

IVNO MARTIALIS Juno seated 1.LIBERTAS VBLICA Libertas 1.PIETASAVGG Pietas 1.

AEQVITASAVG Aequitas 1.MARTIPACIFERO Marsadvancing 1.

RIC, IV3, p. 127, 55bRIC, IV3,p. 127, 58bRIC, IV3,p. 127, 59b

(2)RIC, IV3,p. 139,146RIC, IV3,p. 139,147c

(17)RIC, IV3,p. 162, 31RIG, IV3,p. 162, 35RIG, IV3,p. 163, 37RIC, IV3,p. 163, 41RIC, IV3,p. 163, 44RIC, IV3,p. 171, 113RIC, IV3,p. 170, 100

RIC, IV3,p. 166, 69RIG, IV3, p. 166, 70RIC, IV3,p. 166, 72

RIG, IV3,p. 168, 80RIC, IV3,p. 168, 85

VOLUSIAN 251-253 A.D. (8)360361362363

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ses.

Rome251-253 A.D.253.D.

25253.D.251-253 A.D.Antioch364* Ant. 251-253 A.D.

CONCORDIA AVGG Concordia1.IVNONI MARTIALI Juno seated in templePM TR P 1111OS II Emperor1.IVNONI MARTIALI C Juno in temple

FELICITASVBL Felicitas 1.

RIC, IV3,p. 178,167RIC, IV3,p. 178, 173RIG, IV3,p. 175, 140RIG, IV3,p. 188, 252a

RIG, IV3, p. 183, 217Uncertain364a Ant. (2) AE (1) Uncertain type

339 Dbl.Ses.340 Ses.341 Ses.342 As

342a Ant. Uncertain

1211

343344345

Ant.Ant.Ant.

1

346 Ant.347 Ant.

221

348349350351352353354

355356357

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ses.Ses.

Ant.Ant.Ant.

11

1212111

358* Ant.359 Ant.

321

11

1111

1

21

3


30/135

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINSAEMILIAN 253 A.D. (4)

DIANAEVICTRI Diana 1.PM TR P I PP Emperorsacrificing1.SPESPVBLICA Spes advancing 1.

RIC, IV3,p. 194, 2bRIC, IV3,p. 195, 7RIC, IV3, p. 195, 10

VALERIAN I 253-260 A.D. (38)FIDESMILITVM Fides 1.FELICITAS VGG Felicitas 1.PMTR P II COS II PP Jupiter 1.FELICITAS VGG Felicitas 1.FIDESMILITVM Fides 1.VICTORIAAVGG Victory 1.ORIENSAVGG Sol 1.IOVICONSERVAT Jupiter 1.CONCORDIA MILIT Concordia1.SALVSAVGG Salus r.SECVRITPERPET Securitas 1.

RIC, V1,p. 45, 89RIC, V,, p. 45, 86RIG, V1, p. 49, 141RIC, V1,p. 45, 87RIC, V1,p. 46, 90RIC, V1,p. 48, 126RIC, V1,p. 47, 106RIG, VI, p. 46, 94RIC, V1,p. 56, 238RIC, V1,p. 57, 252f.RIC, V1,p. 57, 256

379*380381382383384

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

Antioch254-256 A.D.

256-258 A.D.257 A.D.Asia Uncertain385 Ant. 255-258 A.D.

386387388

Ant.Ant.Ant.

FORTVNAREDVX Mercury1.VENVSVICTRIX Venus 1.VICTORIAEAVGG Soldier r.AETERNITATI VGG Sol 1.FELICITAS VGG Felicitas 1.PM TR P V COS 1IIIPP Emperorsfacing

VIRTVSAVGG EmperorsfacingPIETASAVGG Emperors sacrificingVOTA ORBIS Victories with shieldRESTITVTORIENTIS Emperor and Orient

Berytus, IV, P1. V, 11f.Berytus, IV, P1. V, 23Berytus, IV, P1. V, 20f.Berytus, IV, P1. VI, 10f.Berytus, IV, P1.VIII, 6f.Berytus, IV, P1. VIII, 16-19

Berytus, IV, P1. X, 1-5Berytus, IV, P1. X, 14f.Berytus, IV, P1. X, 23-XI, 1Berytus, IV,-P1. XI, 7-10

GALT,IENUS 253-268 A.D. (349)ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia r.PAX AVGG Pax 1.CONCORDIA EXERCIT Concordia 1.PROVIDENTIAAVGG Providentia 1.VICTORIAGERM Victory 1.ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia r.AEQVITASAVG Aequitas 1.AETERNITASAVG Sol 1.ANNONA AVG Annona r.CONSERVATPIETAT Emperor1.DIANAECONS AVG DoeSame. StagFELICI VG Felicitas 1.

RIG, V1,p. 161, 346RIC, V1,p. 81,155RIC, V1,p. 80, 132RIC, V1,p. 82, 159RIG, V1,p. 82, 175RIC, V1,p. 144, 157RIG, V1,p. 144, 159RIC, V1,p. 144,160RIG, V1,p. 145, 161RIG, V1,p. 145, 171aRIG, V1,p. 146, 177RIC, V1,p. 146, 179RIC, V1,p. 147, 187

22

365366367

Rome253 A.D.

,,

Ant.Ant.Ant.

112

368*369370371372373374375376*377378

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

Rome253 A.D.254 A.D.255-256 A.D.

257 A.D.258 A.D.Milan257 A.D.257-259 A.D.258 A.D.

21122141

121

211112

4314

Rome260-268 A.D.253 A.D.254 A.D.255-256 A.D.257-258 A.D.260-268 A.D.

389390391392393394395396397*398399400401*

Den.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

2111278721112


31/135

CATALOGUE402403*404405406*407408409410411412413*414415416417*418419420421422423*424 -425426*427428429*430*

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

260-268 A.D.

,,,, ,,,

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

Milan431* Ant. 257 A.D.432* Ant. 258 A.D.433434*435436437438439440441442443444

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

,,f266 A.D.260-268 A.D.

FELICIT VG Felicitas r.Same. Felicitas 1.FELICIT VBL Felicitas seated 1.FIDESMILITVM Fides 1.FORTVNAREDVX Fortuna 1.Same. Fortuna seated 1.INDVLGENTAVG Indulgentia seated 1.INDVLGENTIAAVG Indulgentia leaningon columnIOVI CONSERVA Jupiter 1.IOVI STATOR Jupiter r.IOVIVLTORI Jupiter advancing 1.LAETITIA VG Laetitia 1.MARTIPACIFERO Marsl.ORIENSAVG Sol1.PAXAVG Pax 1.Same. Pax seated 1.PAXPVBLICASamePRINCIWENT Youth 1.PROVIDAVG Providentia 1.SECVRITORBIS Securitas seated 1.SECVRITPERPET Securitas 1.VBERITASAVG Uberitas 1.VICTGAL AVG Three VictoriesVICTORIA ET Victory1.VICTORIAAVG SameVICTORIAAVG III Victory advancing 1.VIRTVS VG Mars1.Same. Soldier 1.VIRTVS VGVSTIMars1.

VICTGERM Victory advancing 1.LEGI111L VI P VI F Lion running r.LEGX GEMVI P VI F Bullr.PMTR P VII COS Emperorseated 1.AETERNITASAVG Sol. 1.APOLLO CONSER Apollo r.Same. Apollo 1.FORT REDVX Fortuna seated 1.MARTIPACIFERO Marsadvancing 1.ORIENSAVG Sol. 1.SALVSAVG Aesculapius1.SECVRITPERPET Securitas 1.VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing1.VIRTVSAVG Soldier1.

RIG, V1,p. 147, 189RIC, V1,p. 147, 191RIC, V1,p. 147, 192RIC, V1,p. 147,192aRIC, V1,p. 147,193RIC, V1,p. 147, 194aRIC, V1,p. 148, 205RIC, V1,p. 148, 206RIC, V1,p. 149, 208RIC, VI, p. 149, 216RIC, VI, p. 150, 221RIC, V1,p. 150, 226RIC, V1,p. 151, 236RIC, V1,p. 152, 249RIC, V1,p. 153, 256RIC, V1,p. 153, 258RIC, V1,p. 153, 260RIC, V1,p. 154, 265RIC, V1,p. 154, 267 (2). 270 (2)RIC, V1,p. 155, 278 (2). 279 (1)RIC, V1,p. 155, 280cf. RIC, V1,p. 156, 287RIC, Vl, p. 156, 294RIC, V1,p. 157, 297RIC, V1,p. 157, 299RIC, V1,p. 157, 305RIC ,V, p. 158, 317 (3).320 (2). 321 (2)RIC, V1,p. 159, 325cf. RIG, V1,p. 159, 330

RIC, V1,p. 99, 404cf. RIC, V1,p. 94, 343(PLATE 1)RIC, V1,p. 96, 357RIC, V1,p. 171, 457RIC, V1,p. 171, 466RIC, V1,p. 172, 467RIC, V1,p. 172, 468RIC, V1,p. 173, 483 (1). 484 (1)RIC, V1,p. 174, 492RIC, V1,p. 174, 495RIC, V1,p. 176, 511bRIC, V1,p. 176, 516RIC, V1,p. 176, 523RIC, V1,p. 177, 534

Lyons445* Ant. 258-259 A.D. RIC, VI, p. 70, 18

23123521221515

145632143

1611732

11112112133112

GERMANICVSMAX V Trophy


32/135

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINSSiscia446* Ant. 260-268 A.D.

447*448449450451452453454455456

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

Asia Minor457* Ant. 266-268 A.D.458 Ant.459 Ant.

ANNONA AVG Annona r.PAX AVG Pax advancing 1.SPESPVBLICA Spes advancingANNONA AVG Annona 1.PROVIDENAVG Providentia 1.VICTORIAAVG Victory 1.CONCORDIA AVG Concordia1.AETERNITATI VG Sol 1.VICTORIAAET Victory 1.FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1.VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing r.

AETERNTT sic) AVG Wolf and twinsCONSERVATORAVG Aesculapius1.MINERVAAVG Minerva r.

RIC, V1,p. 180, 556RIC, V1,p. 182, 576RIC, V1,p. 182, 584RIC, VI, p. 180, 557RIC, V1,p. 182, 580RIG, V1,p. 183, 587RIC, V1,p. 180, 563RIC, V1,p. 180, 555RIC, VI, p. 183, 586RIC, V1,p. 181, 572RIC, V1,p. 183, 588

cf. Berytus, V, p. 61, 4(PLATE 1)Berytus, V, p. 61, 5Berytus, V, p. 63, 7

FELICITASAECVLI Diana advancing r.VIRTVSAVGG Soldier 1.DIANA LVCIFERA Diana r.AEQVITASAVGG Aequitas 1.LIBERALITASVGG Liberalitas 1.ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1.AETERNITATI VG Sol 1.IOVISTATORI Jupiter r.PMTR PXII COS V PP Serapis1.PM TR PXIII C VI PP Lion 1.ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1.VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1.VIRTVSAVGVSTI Hercules r.VIRTVSAVG Mars1.AETERNITATI VG Sol 1.AEQVITASAVG Aequitas 1.IOVISTATORI Jupiter r.MINERVAAVG Minerva r.MARSVICTOR Marsadvancing r.VIRTVSAVG Emperorr.AETERNITASAVG Wolf and twinsPAX FVNDATA TrophyIOVICONSERAVG Jupiter 1.IOVICONSERVAT SameSOLI INVICTO Sol 1.VIRTVSAVG Marsr.AETERNITASAVG Saturn r.FIDESAVG Mercury .VIRTVSAVG Marsr.IVBENTVSAVG Emperor1.LAETITIA VG Laetitia 1.

Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 2f.Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 5Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 9cf. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 13Berytus, IV, P1. VIII, 11f.Berytus, V, p. 48, 3 (obv. a)Berytus, V, p. 48, 7 (obv. a)Berytus, V, p. 48, 9 (obv. a)Berytus, V, p. 48, 1Berytus, V, p. 50, 2Berytus, V, p. 48, 3 (obv. b)Berytus, V, p. 48, 4Berytus, V, p. 48, 5Berytus, V, p. 48, 6; P1. XV, 14Berytus, V, p. 48, 7 (obv. b)Berytus, V, p. 48, 8Berytus, V, p. 48, 9 (obv. b)Berytus, V, p. 50, 4Berytus, V, p. 50, 5Berytus, V, p. 50, 8Berytus, V, p. 50, 9Berytus, V, p. 50, 11Berytus, V, p. 51, 1Berytus, V, p. 52, 2Berytus, V, p. 52, 3Berytus, V, p. 52, 6Berytus, V, p. 52, 7Berytus, V, p. 52, 8Berytus, V, p. 53, 2Berytus, V, p. 54, 5Berytus, V, p. 54, 6

2413112331161

111

460461462463*464465466467468469470471472473474475476477*478479480481482483484485486487488489490

Antioch254-256 A.D.,,,,

256-258 A.D.,,

262-263 A.D.,,,,263 A.D.

264 A.D.264-267 A.D.

,,,,

ft,,

264-266 A.D.,,,,,,,,

266 A.D.

,,266-268.D.,,t,,,,

266-268 A.D.

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

1211121122121336432221134322111


33/135

CATALOGUE266-268 A.D.

,,,,

268 A.D.

,,,,,

,,

Asia Uncertain255-258 A.D.259 A.D.

26,,.D.260 A.D.

,,,,

IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter 1.FORTVNAREDVX Fortuna 1.MINERVAAVG Minerva1.SOLIINVICTO Sol 1.VIRTVSAVG Marsr.CONSERVATORAVG Aesculapius1.VENERVICTRICI Venus 1.PROVIDENTIAAVG Mercury1.SOLI INVICTO Sol 1.LVNA LVCIFERA Diana advancing r.AETERNITATI VG Sol 1.

VIRTVSAVGG Emperors facingPIETASAVGG EmperorssacrificingVICTORIAGERMAN Emperor and VictoryIOVICONSERVATORI Emperor and JupiterSameVICTORIAAVG Emperorand VictoryVIRTVSAVG Emperorand Roma

Berytus, V, p. 54, 7Berytus, V, p. 54, 9Berytus, V, p. 54, 10Berytus, V, p. 54, 12Berytus, V, p. 55, 1Berytus, V, p. 55, 3Berytus, V, p. 55, 4Berytus, V, p. 55, 8Berytus, V, p. 55, 9Berytus, V, p. 55, 10cf. Berytus, V, p. 48, 7 andp. 56(PLATE 1)

Berytus, IV, P1. X, 8-12Berytus, IV, P1.XII, 6. 14Berytus, IV, P1. XIII, 10Berytus, IV, P1. XIII, 20Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 8f.Berytus, IV, P1. XIII, 26. XIV, 1Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 6

AEQVITASAVG or AVGG Aequitas 1.FORTVNAREDVX Fortuna 1.IOVI STATORI Jupiter 1.MARTIPACIFERO Mars1.ORIENSAVG Sol 1.PROVIDENTIAAVG Providentia 1.VICTORIAAVG Victory 1.LAETITIA VGG Laetitia 1.Uncertain type

31111111411

1111424

2312424

(PLATE 1) 249

SALONINA (83)FECVNDITAS VG Fecunditas r.PIETASAVGG Pietas 1.CONCORD AET Concordiaseated 1.FECVNDITASAVG Fecunditas 1.FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1.IVNO CONSERVAT Juno 1.IVNO REGINA SimilarIVNONI CONS AVG Doe advancing 1.PAX AVG Pax 1.PIETASAVG Pietas 1.PVDICITIA Pudicitia 1.Same. Pudicitia seated 1.VENVSVICTRIX Venus 1.VESTA Vesta seated 1.

RIC, VI, p. 111, 26RIC, V1,p. 111, 33RIC, V1,p. 192, 2RIC, V1,p. 192, 5RIC, VI, p. 193, 9RIC, V1,p. 193, 11RIC, V1,p. 193, 12RIC, V1,p. 193, 16RIC, V1,p. 193, 19RIC, V1,p. 193, 21RIC, V1,p. 194, 24RIC, V1,p. 194, 25RIC, V1,p. 194, 31RIC, V1, p. 194, 32

11282412212843

531 Ses. 255-256 A.D. IVNO REGINASC Juno 1.

25491492493494495496497498499500501*

502503504505506507508

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

Uncertain

Rome256-257 A.D.260-268 A.D.

509510511512513514515516*516a

517*518519520521522523524525526527528529530

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

RIC, Vl, p. 112, 46


34/135

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS

Siscia260-268 A.D.

Antioch256-258 A.D.262-267 A.D.264-266 A.D.266 A.D.266-268 A.D.Asia Uncertain255-258 A.D.259 A.D.

,,

VENVSFELIX Venus 1.

CONCOR AVG Concordiaseated 1.IVNO REGINA Juno 1.FORTVNAREDVX Fortuna seated 1.PIETASAVG Pietas 1.

IVNO REGINA Juno 1.PVDICITIAAVG Pudicitia 1.IVNO REGINA Juno 1.CERERIAVG Ceresseated 1.VENVS AVG Venus 1.SALVSAVG Salus r.

CONCORDIA AVGG Emperor and empressCONCORDIA AVG SameROMAEAETERNAE Emperor and Roma

RIC, V1,p. 198, 65

RIC, V1,p. 198, 71RIG, VI, p. 199, 76RIC, V1,p. 199, 75RIC, V1,p. 199, 78

Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 19f.Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 21Berytus, V, p. 48, 10Berytus, V, p. 50, 12Berytus, V, p. 52, 9Berytus, V, p. 54, 14

Berytus, IV, P1. XI, 15-19Berytus, IV, P1. XII, 7Berytus, IV, P1. XIII, 16-18

VENVSVICTRIX Venus 1.IVNO REGINA Juno 1. with andwithout peacockUncertain type

RIC, V,, p. 115, 68

Rome548 Ant. 254-255 A.D.Antioch549 Ant. 256-257 A.D.

VALERIAN II (2)PIETASAVGG Sacrificialimplements

VICTORIAPART Prince and Victory

RIC, V1,p. 118, 20

Berytus, IV, P1. IX, 12f.

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

Asia Uncertain260-261 A.D.

SALONINUS (1)SPESPVBLICA Prince and Spes

MACRIAN 260-261 A.D. (4)SOL INVICTO Sol 1.ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1.APOLINICONSERVA Apollo 1.SPESPVBLICA Spes 1.

Berytus, IV, P1. XII, 1-3. 23f.

Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 15f.Berytus, IV, P1. XV, 1-3Berytus, IV, PI. XV, 5Berytus, IV, P1. XV, 10f.

Asia Uncertain260-261 A.D.QUIETUS 260-261 A.D. (3)

IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter seated 1.ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1.SPESPVBLICA Spes 1.

Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 17f.Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 22-24Berytus, IV, P1. XV, 9

Lyons558* Ant. 259-265 A.D.POSTUMUS 259-268 A.D. (1)

VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1.

26Milan532 Ant. 260-268 A.D.

533*534535536

537538539540541542

543544545

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

Ant.Ant.Ant.

16111

546* Ant.547 Ant.

Uncertain253-260 A.D.

411422

211

547a Ant.

148

Asia Uncertain550 Ant. 258-259 A.D.

1

1

551552553554

1

555556557

Ant.Ant.Ant.

1111

111

RIC, V,, p. 344, 891


35/135

CATALOGUEVICTORINUS 268-270 A.D. (1)

INVICTVS Sol advancing 1. RIC, V2,p. 396, 114

Gaul Uncertain560 Ant. 270-273 A.D.

IrregularMint561 Ant. 270-273 A.D.

TETRICUS 270-273 A.D. (2)PAX AVG Pax 1.Blundered legends. Victory advancing 1.

RIC, V2,p. 409, 103cf. RIC, V2,pp. 412f.

Rome268-270 A.D.

Asia Minor268-269 A.D.

Antioch268-269 A.D.

Various MintsAfter 270 A.D.

CLAUDIUS 11 268-270 A.D. (23)ANNONA AVG Annona 1.FIDESEXERCI Fides 1.GENIVSEXERCI Genius1.VICTORIAAVG Victory 1.VIRTVSAVG Soldier 1.LAETITIA VG Laetitia 1.

VIRTVTIAVG Mars 1.FORTVNA AVG Fortuna 1.

NEPTVNAVG Neptune 1.CONSER AVG Serapis1.AEQVITASAVG Aequitas l.CONSECRATIO Eagle 1.Same. Altar

RIC, VI, p. 213, 18RIC, V1,p. 214, 36RIC, V1,p. 215, 48RIC, VI, p. 219,104RIC, V1,p. 219, 109RIC, V1,p. 226, 181 (1). 182 (1)

Berytus, V, p. 65, 4Berytus, V, p. 65, 10

Berytus, V, p. 57, 2Berytus, V, p. 57, 4Berytus, V, p. 57, 10RIC, V1,p. 234, 266(PLATE 2)RIC, V1,pp. 233f., 261f.

574a Ant. Uncertain type

Rome575 Ant. 270 A.D.

QUINTILLUS 270 A.D. (1)SECVRITAVG Securitas 1. RIC, V1,p. 242, 31

576577578579*580581*582

Den.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

Rome274-275 A.D.272-273 A.D.

2747 AD274-275 A.D.

,t,,

Milan583 Ant. 272-273 A.D.584 Ant.

AURELIAN 270-275 A.D. (163)VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1.IOVICONSER Emperor and JupiterRESTITVTORBIS Emperor,womanVIRT MILITVM Emperor, soldier

RIC, V1,p. 273, 73RIC, V1,p. 270, 48RIC, V1,p. 271, 53RIC, V1,p. 271, 56

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia RIC, V1,p. 271, 60ORIENSAVG Sol advancing 1. RIC, VI, pp. 271f., 61 (1). 62 (2)Same. Sol advancing r. RIC, VI, p. 272, 64CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia RIC, V1,p. 278, 120FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, V1,p. 279,128

421223411

559 Ant. Cologne268-270 A.D.

27

1

562563564565566

1

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.

1

Siscia567 Ant. 268-270 A.D.

568* Ant.569 Ant.

111112

570571572*573*574*


11

111

Uncertain

54

2

1


36/135

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS585586587

Ant.Ant.Ant.

272-273 A.D.

Ticinum588 Ant. 274-275 A.D.589 Ant.

590591592*593594595*596597598599600*601602

603604605*606607

Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.Ant.


Siscia270-271 A.D.272-273 A.D.

274-275 A.D.272-273.D.

274-275 A.D.

Serdica272-273 A.D.274-275 A.D.

608 Ant.

IOVICONSER Emperor, JupiterRESTITVT RIENTIS Emperor,womanVIRTVSMILITVM Emperor, soldier

ORIENSAVG Sol advancing 1.SOLI INVICTO Same

CONCORDIA MILI Concordiawith ensignsCONCORDIA MILIT Two ConcordiaeCONCORDIA MILITVMEmperor, ConcordiaFORTVNAREDVX Fortuna seated 1.IOVI CONSER Emperor, JupiterIOVI CONSERVATORI SameRESTITVORIENTIS Emperor raising womanRESTITVTOR RIENTIS SameVICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1.Same. Victory soaringCONCORDIA MILITVMEmperor, ConcordiaORIENSAVG Sol advancing 1.SOLI INVICTO Sol 1.

IOVI CONSER Emperor, JupiterORIENSAVG Sol 1.Same. Emperor, SolPROVIDENDEOR Fides, SolRESTITVTORBIS Emperor, womanSOLI IN

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