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Short into to Lean
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Software Engineering
Rockcliffe University
www.urockcliffe.com
Bill Krebs – [email protected]
SL: AgileBill Firehawk
AgileDimensions, LLC.
© 2009 Rockcliffe University Consortium
Software Engineering
What is Lean?
Lean
AgileDimensions, LLC. © 2009, Rockcliffe University Consortium 2
Optimize how we work.
Father and Son
Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd
Agile Dimensions, LLC. © 2009, Rockcliffe University Consortium 3
Toyota Motor1958 – Exported 230 cars to US
1965 – Toyota wins Deming Award1985 – Cumulative production exceeds 20 million units
At Toyota
Andon / Jidoka – stop the line culture
AgileDimensions, LLC. © 2009, Rockcliffe University Consortium 4
Halt if a defect is detected. Fix it right away.Use as a trigger for continuous improvement
W. Edwards Deming
Yale PhD
1950 – Consulting executives in Japan“Better Quality = Better Productivity”
1960 – Awarded Japan’s Order of the Sacred Treasureby Prime Minister
Helps Ford 1982 – 3 billion in losses1986 – most profitable US car company
Agile Dimensions, LLC. © 2009, Rockcliffe University Consortium 5
1900 – 1993
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Edwards_Deming
���� Defects are caused by the process,
not the workers
Deming’s 14 points# 5. Improve constantly and forever the system of production and
service, to improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly decrease cost.
Seven Deadly Diseases#2. Emphasis on short-term profits.
Deming’s 14 points
From “Out of the Crisis” 1986. Does any of this still
apply today?
1. Improve the product and service, compete, stay
in business, and provide jobs
2. Western management must take on leadership
for change
3. Build quality into the product instead of
inspecting for defects
4. Minimize Total cost. Establish a trusted
relationship with a supplier.
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More Deming points
5. Constantly improve the system. This will
improve quality and productivity, and decrease
cost.
6. Institute training on the job.
7. The aim of management should be to help
people and machines and gadgets do a better people and machines and gadgets do a better
job.
8. Drive out fear, so that everyone may work
effectively for the company.
9. Break down barriers between departments.
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More Deming points
10. Eliminate slogans and targets for zero defects.
The “System” causes the defects, not the
workers. Fix the system, or process.
11. Eliminate quotas. Substitute leadership instead.
Don’t manage by numbers. Substitute
workmanship.workmanship.
12. Remove barriers to workmanship. Focus on
Quality, not quantity.
13. Institute a program of education and self-
improvement
14. Transformation is everyone’s work
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Lean
Mary and Tom Poppendieck’s
book helps us understand what
Japan did.
They translate manufacturingThey translate manufacturing
practices into software terms.
Not Lean Six Sigma
AgileDimensions, LLC. © 2009, Rockcliffe University Consortium 9
7 Principles
1. Eliminate Waste
2. Build Quality In
3. Create Knowledge
4. Defer Commitment4. Defer Commitment
5. Deliver Fast
6. Respect People
7. Optimize the Whole
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Eliminate Waste
By “Waste” we mean work that add no value in the
eyes of the customer. “Muda” in Japanese
Over-production / extra features
Transport / Handoffs Defects
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In process inventory / or Partially done work
Over-production / extra features
Extra processing / relearning Motion / Task Switching
Waiting / Delays
Value Stream Map
1. Identify start and stop
2. Draw boxes for work
3. Lines for wait time
4. Label time for each4. Label time for each
5. Divide total work time
by total elapsed time
6. Look for bottlenecks
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Quiz
Name some types of Waste
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Build Quality In
�Mistake-Proof the process
� Example: Test Driven Development
� Avoid Technical Debt
a) Creation of work without associated test
b) Work that passes test, but smells badb) Work that passes test, but smells bad
� Avoid big band surprises
� Integrate smaller batches more often
(continuous integration)
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Create Knowledge
�Learn as you work
�Use the scientific Method
� Form a hypotheses, test, observe the results
�Standards
� What is their purpose? Conformity against change? Or
baseline For change?
�Evolve knowledge Empirically
� Learn and adapt, not just predict and plan
“Don’t just guess about the future and call it a plan”
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Defer Commitment
�Break dependencies
�Maintain Options
� When is the best time to decide?
As early as possible? Or just in time?
� Can we make some decisions reversible?
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Deliver Fast
� Speed, Quality, and low cost go together
�Apply Queuing theory to your business
� Too much work in process at the same time actually slows
you down
�Limit work to capacity
� Efficiency bogs down when people are thrashing at near
100% busy
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Little’s Law
Where is the sweet spot?
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Little’s Law in Action
� An Example of Little’s Law in action.
TwitterTwitter
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Respect People
� Which is more important? More money? Or more
fulfillment (praise, doing what suits you)?
�Provide effective leadership
� Bring out the best in the team
�Respect Partners
� Build alliances and foster trust, not conflict of interest
Also: Thought Diversity. The Servant Leader.
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Optimize the Whole concept to cash
� Focus on the entire value stream / system
� When do we start measuring
� When to we stop measuring?
�Measure “Up”
� Don’t sub optimize
� What you measure is what you get
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Quiz
� Should we work people at 100% or more?
�Is there a trade off between quality, speed, and
cost?
�Which of these companies use Lean?
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DellDell
Improve like Toyota
“When there is trouble, stopping the machine also
means identifying the problem”
You’re a “Salary Thief”
if you have not improved your process
改善改善改善改善 “Kaizen” - Improvement
Taiichi Ohno
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No work without process
No process without metrics
No metrics without measurement
No measurement without analysis
No analysis without improvement
Taiichi Ohno1912-1990
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizenwww.poppendieck.com/lean.htm
DISCUSSION
What techniques do you like?
Agile Dimensions © 2009, Rockcliffe University Consortium 24
Rockcliffe University
www.urockcliffe.com
Bill Krebs – linkedin.com/in/BillKrebs
SL: AgileBill Firehawk
Agile Dimensions, LLC.