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7/26/2019 Aggregate Block Technical Manual
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Aggregate Blocks
aggregate blocks
technical manual
CI/SfB Ff2
February 2007
Uniclass L32232: P2
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Contents
Introduction 2-3
1. Product data
Product summaries 6-9
Facing blocks 10-15
Background blocks 16-29
2. Performance
Structural 32-39
Thermal insulation 40-47
Sound insulation 48-53
Fire resistance 54
Movement control 55-57
Moisture penetration 58-59
Durability 60
3. Sitework
Health and safety 63
CDM Regulations 63
Block laying 64-65
Mortar 66-67
Internal finishes 68-69
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Therm alite introduced the autoc
aerated concrete block over 50 ago, and now produces the besrange of building blocks in the UK ingdom .?????
Thermalite aircrete blocks
IntroductionH anson is a m arket leader in th
m anufacture and supply of aggblocks, annually producing 7.5 mU sing naturally occurring denselightw eight aggregates, H anson
aggregate blocks are a robust poffering high com pressive strenexcellent sound insulation to hethe requirem ents of B uilding Re
Hanson provides a unique wealth of knowledge, choice and resources, offering custom
products for the Housing, Commercial and DIY sectors, all backed by the sales suppor
that is the strength of this division.
All products are manufactured to the requirements of BS EN 771-3 and are available in
densities, strengths, sizes, configurations and finishes to suit most applications.
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Standards and regulations
The B ritish/European S tandards and B uilding
Regulations that apply to the m anufacture and use of
aggregate blocks are alw ays subject to revision and
im provem ent. C ertain docum ents that are either in the
process of change, or whose publication is im m inent,cannot be fully accom m odated at the tim e of
publication, although, w herever possible, reference has
been m ade in the text.
The H anson w ebsite at w w w.hanson.biz/uk w ill be
updated as im portant changes occur, but if the
reader has specific queries relating to the m anufacture
or application of the product please contact Product
Services on 08706 0 97091.
ustainability and the environment
M anaging environm ental issues is an integral part of
H ansons business strategy and the com pany is
com m itted to m inim ising the im pact of its operations on
local com m unities and the natural environm ent.
H ansons aggregate blocks are m anufactured by
m ost efficient m ethods available and w here possi
using specially selected recycled aggregates and
secondary aggregate m aterials. A strict w aste
m inim isation schem e is also operated to ensure th
w aste m aterials from the production process are ereused or recycled.
Quality
H ansons aggregate blocks are m anufactured to
the requirem ents of BS EN 771-3, ensuring
com pliance w ith all relevant standards and codes
of practice.
Services
H anson continually researches the needs of custo
in order to develop the range of products available
Additionally, a com prehensive range of literature is
available w ith technical advice on all aspects of th
application and use of aggregate block products i
construction.
See Sales and Technical Advice, page 74-75 .
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1 Product data
Product summaries 6-9
Facing blocks
Evalast Facing 10 -11
Evalast Paint Grade 10 -11
Evalite Facing 12-13
Evalite Paint Grade 12-13
Superlite Facing 14- 15
Superlite Paint Grade 14- 15
Background blocks
Evalast Background 16-17
Fenlite and Fenlite 15 00 Background 18 -21
Evalite Standard Background 22-23
Superlite Background 24-25
Ultralite Background 26-27
Party Wall 28-29
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Facing and Paint Grade bl
product sum m ary
Product data - product summ aries
Evalast Facing and Evalast Paint Grade pages 10-11
Superior quality dense blocks, m anufactured using a m ix form ulated to
close face texture. Evalast Facing is designed specifically for aesthet
left fair faced, allow ing the natural colour of the aggregate to dom inat
a sm ooth, consistent texture,** ideal for receiving a painted finish.
M ean com pressive strength: 3.6, 7.3, 10.4, 17.5
Therm al conductivity (): 1.22 W /m .K
D ry density: 1900 kg/m 3
Evalite Facing and Evalite Paint Grade pages 12-13
M edium density products, intended for internal applications w here w e
Facing is ideal for aesthetic applications and can be left fair faced*. E
consistent and sm ooth texture** perfect for receiving a painted finish.
M ean com pressive strength: 3.6, 7.3 & 10.4 N /m
Therm al conductivity (): 0.47 W /m .KD ry density: 1450 kg/m 3
Superlite Facing and Superlite Paint Grade pages 14-15
These lightweight, low -to-m edium density products are designed spec
applications w here low w eight is critical, particularly in the larger sizes
intended for aesthetic applications and can be left fair faced, allow ing
aggregate to dom inate*. Superlite P aint G rade has a consistent and sm
receiving a painted finish.
M ean com pressive strength: 3.6 & 7.3 N /m m 2
Therm al conductivity (): 0.36 W /m .KD ry density: 1000 kg/m 3
*The colour of facing products can vary from w orks to w orks, so sam ple view ing is highly recom m e
betw een all parties is confirmed if the products are to be left untreated.
**W hilst Paint Grade products have a consistency of texture, colour consistency cannot be guarante
Hansons Facing and Paint Grade blocks have been desigfor aesthetically important block work. These superior qumanufactured with a consistent close face texture and arewide range of shapes and sizes to suit a variety of applicaAll products are produced to the requirements of BS EN 7
Other strengths and sizes may be available on request.
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Background blocks product
Product data - product summ aries
Evalast Background pages 16-17
D ense concrete blocks that can be used in virtually any part of a proje
in norm al conditions. Their perform ance m akes them especially applica
separating w alls w here good sound insulating qualities and high streng
also be used as infill blocks in beam and block flooring system s.
M ean com pressive strength: 3.6, 7.3, 10.4, 17.5,
Therm al conductivity (): 1.32 W /m .K
D ry density: 1990 kg/m 3
Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 Background pages 18-21
M edium density blocks suitable for use in the m ajority of standard app
of cavity w alls w hen used w ith secondary insulation, separating or part
beam and block flooring system s and externally w here a finish is appli
M ean com pressive strength: 3.6, 7.3, 10.4 & 15
Therm al conductivity (): 0.45, 0.48 W /m .K
D ry density: 1350, 1500 kg/m 3
Evalite Background pages 22-23
M edium density blocks suitable for use in the m ajority of standard app
of cavity w alls w hen used w ith secondary insulation, separating or part
beam and block flooring system s and externally w here a finish is appli
M ean com pressive strength: 3.6, 7.3 & 10.4 N /m
Therm al conductivity (): 0.47 W /m .K
D ry density: 1450 kg/m 3
Superlite Background pages 24-25
Low -to-m edium density blocks w ith good insulating properties ideal for
internal block w alls. The product can achieve high therm al values using
secondary insulation.
M ean com pressive strength: 3.6 & 7.3 N /m m 2
Therm al conductivity (): 0.40 W /m .K
D ry density: 1100 kg/m 3
The products contained within the Background block rangare available in a wide range of shapes, sizes and strengthThey are not intended to be left fair-faced, but used with afinish. All products are manufactured to the requirementsOther strengths and sizes may be available on request.
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Product data - facing blocks
Evalast Facing and Evalast Pain
Mean compressive strength: 3.6 - 22.5N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 1.22W/m.K internal, 1.31W/m.K external
Dry density: 1900 kg/m3
Evalast Facing
Evalast Facing blocks are produced from selected
aggregates com plying w ith B S EN 12620, and P ortland
cem ent. They are m anufactured to B S EN 771 -3 and
are subject to rigorous quality control. These superior
quality dense blocks are produced w ith a m ix design
form ulated to produce a close face texture, w ith a
consistent shade of colour*, w hich is ideal for
aesthetically im portant block w ork. Evalast Facing
products can be left fair faced, allow ing the natural
Applications
Evalast Facing and Paint G ra
all situations w here durable, r
in the case of Evalast Paint G
required. They are an econom
such as:
factory units
w orkshops
sports centres
offices
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Material properties
Therm al conductivity W /m .K internal 1.22
external 1.31
D ry density kg/m 3 1900
Total m oisture m ovem ent m m m -1 < 0.50
Vapour resistivity M N .s/g.m 100
M ean com pressive strength solid 7.3, 10.4, 17.5, 22.5
N / m m 2 cellular/hollow 3.6, 7.3, 10.4
W ater absorption by capillary g/m 2.s0.5 < 375
Shear bond strength N /m m 2 0.15
Fire classification A1
Flatness m m < 0.5
W ater vapour perm eability 5/15
D im ension tolerance classification D 1
Configuration G roup 1
Group 2
Dimensions, weights and properties
Work Width Configuration Thermal resistance Dry Weight Sound Fire resistance (hours)
size mm mm m2 K/ W block laid reduction Single leaf - no applied finish
inte rnal exte rnal we ight kg kg/ m 2 dB non loadbe aring loadbe aring
Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 Claagg agg agg
440 x 215 75* Solid 0.061 0.057 13.5 146 41 2 1 -
90* Solid 0.074 0.069 16.2 175 43 2 11/2 1
100 Solid 0.082 0.076 18.0 195 43 2 2 2
140 Solid 0.115 0.107 25.2 273 45 4 3 3
150 Solid 0 123 0 115 270 291 46 6 4 6
Evalast Paint G rade
Evalast Facing
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Product data - facing blocks
Evalite Facing and Evalite Paint
Mean compressive strength: 3.6, 7.3, 10.4N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 0.47W/m.K internal
Dry density: 1450kg/m3
Evalite Facing
Evalite Facing blocks are a m edium density product,
intended for internal applications w here w eight is
critical. M anufactured to the requirem ents of
B S EN 771-3, from selected aggregates and Portland
cem ent, Evalite products are subject to rigorous quality
control. The blocks are m anufactured w ith a m ix design
form ulated to produce a close face texture, w ith a
consistent shade of colour*, w hich is ideal for
aesthetically im portant block w ork. Evalite Facing
Applications
Evalite Facing and Evalite P a
for use w here appearance an
consideration. They are inten
w here a lightw eight, econom
paintable block is required fo
projects such as:
shopping precincts
offices
sports centres
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Dimensions, weights and properties
Work Width Configuration Thermal resistance Dry Weight Sound Fire resistance (hours)
size mm mm m2 K/ W block laid reduction Single leaf - no applied finis
inte rnal we ight kg kg/ m 2 dB non loadbearing loadbea
Class 1 agg Class 1
440 x 215 75* Solid 0.160 10.3 114 40 2 -
90* Solid 0.191 12.3 136 41 2 1
100 Solid 0.213 13.7 151 42 2 2
140 Solid 0.298 19.2 212 44 4 3
150* Solid 0.319 20.6 226 44 6 6
190 Solid 0 404 26 1 288 46 6 6
Material properties
Therm al conductivity W /m .K internal only 0.47
D ry density kg/m 3 1450
Total m oisture m ovem ent m m m -1 < 0.80
Vapour resistivity M N .s/g.m 50
M ean com pressive strength solid 7.3, 10.4
N / m m 2 cellular/hollow 3 .6 , 7.3 ,
W ater absorption by capillary g/m 2.s0.5 < 350
Shear bond strength N /m m 2 0.15
Fire classification A1
Flatness m m < 0.5
W ater vapour perm eability 5/15
D im ension tolerance classification D 1
Configuration G roup 1
Group 2
Evalite Paint G rade
Evalite Facing
P d t d t f i bl k
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Product data - facing blocks
Superlite Facing and
Superlite Paint G radeMean compressive strength: 3.6, 7.3N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 0.36W/m.K internal
Dry density: 1000kg/m3
Superlite Facing
Superlite Facing blocks are a lightw eight product,
m anufactured to the requirem ents of B S EN 771-3,
from pyro-processed lightw eight aggregates, com plying
w ith B S EN 13055-1, and Portland cem ent. Superlite
Facing blocks are m anufactured w ith a m ix design
form ulated to produce a close face texture, w ith a
consistent shade of colour*, w hich is ideal for
aesthetically im portant block w ork. Superlite Facing
products can be left fair faced, m aking a feature of the
Superlite Paint Grade
Superlite Paint Grade blocks
selected aggregates, com ply
standards as Superlite Facing
sm ooth texture, w hich is idea
finish**.
Applications
The light weight of Superlite
G rade, m akes them ideal for
low w eight is critical, particula
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Dimensions, weights and properties
Work Width Configuration Thermal resistance Dry Weight Sound Fire resistance (hours)
size mm mm m2 K/ W block laid reduction Single leaf - no applied f
internal weight kg kg/ m2 dB non loadbearing
Class 1 agg Class
440 x 215 75* Solid 0.208 7.1 81 38 2 -
90* Solid 0.250 8.5 98 39 2 1
100 Solid 0.278 9.5 108 39 2 2
140 Solid 0.389 13.2 151 42 4 3
150* Solid 0.417 14.2 161 42 6 6
190 Solid 0 528 18 0 205 44 6 6
Material properties
Therm al conductivity W /m.K internal only 0.36
D ry density kg/m 3 1000
Total m oisture m ovem ent m m m -1 < 0.70
Vapour resistivity M N .s/g.m 40
M ean com pressive strength N /m m 2 solid only 3.6, 7.3
W ater absorption by capillary g/m 2.s0.5 < 1050
Shear bond strength N /m m 2 0.15
Fire classification A1
Flatness m m < 0.5
W ater vapour perm eability 5/15
D im ension tolerance classification D 1
Configuration G roup 1
N .B. B lock w eights not greater than 20kg can be achieved for solid
blocks up to and including 2 00m m thickness.
Superlite P aint G rade
Superlite Facing
Product data background blocks
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Product data - background blocks
Evalast B ackground
Mean compressive strength: 3.6 - 30.0N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 1.32W/m.K internal, 1.42W/m.K external
Dry density: 1990 kg/m3
Evalast Background
M anufactured to B S EN 771 -3 from crushed rock or
gravel aggregates to B S EN 12620 and Portland
cem ent.
Evalast B ackground blocks are dense aggregate blocks
w hich can be used in virtually any part of a project
above or below ground, in norm al conditions.
Their perform ance m akes them especially applicable to
partition and separating w alls w here good sound
insulating qualities and high strengths are required.
They can also be used as infill blocks in beam and block
Strength
H aving high density, w ith ass
B ackground blocks easily ach
requirem ents for use above a
be used in norm al and sulpha
equivalent to classification D
Thermal
Evalast B ackground blocks, i
thicknesses of insulation, are
of therm al insulation. Sam ple
U -Values of 0.27, 0.30 and 0
on pages 42-47.
Fire
C oncrete is an excellent fire
Evalast B ackground products
either C lass 1 (lim estone) or
crushed stone) aggregates. Wim portant it is essential that t
specified. Full details are give
Coursing blocks
To com plem ent the range, 22
units (brick size) are available
w ith 7.3N /m m 2 100m m Eval
and 10.4N /m m 2 units are av
thick products.
Finishes
The nature of Evalast B ackgr
for the purpose of rendering
relatively low suction backgro
sm ooth or rough in texture, d
m anufacturing location. As su
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Dimensions, weights and properties
Work Width Configuration Thermal Resistance Dry Weight Sound Fire resistance (hours)
size mm mm m2 K/ W block laid reduction Single leaf - no applied finish
inte rnal e xte rna l w eigh t k g k g/ m 2 dB non loadbearing loadbearing
C lass 1 C lass 2 Class 1 C la s
agg agg agg ag
440 x 215 75 Solid 0.057 0.053 14.1 153 42 2 1 - -
90 Solid 0.068 0.063 16.9 183 43 2 11/2 1 1
100 Solid 0.076 0.070 18.8 203 43 2 2 2 2
140 Solid 0.106 0.099 26.4 285 46 4 3 3 2
150 Solid 0.114 0.106 28.2 304 46 6 4 6 2
Material properties
Therm al conductivity W /m .K internal 1.32
external 1.42
D ry density kg/m 3 1990
Total m oisture m ovem ent m m m -1 < 0.55
Vapour resistivity M N .s/g.m 100
M ean compressive solid 7.3, 10.4, 17.5, 22.5, 30
strength N /m m 2 cellular/hollow 3 .6, 7.3 , 10 .4
103m m coursing unit 22.5
140m m coursing unit 10.4
Shear bond strength N /m m 2 0.15
Fire classification A1
Flatness m m < 1.0
W ater vapour perm eability 5/15
D im ension tolerance classification D 1
Configuration G roup 1 G roup 2
Evalast Background
Product data - background blocks
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Product data background blocks
Fenlite B ackground
Mean compressive strength: 3.6 - 15.0N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 0.45 - 0.48W/m.K
Dry density: Fenlite - 1350, Fenlite 1500 - 1500kg/m3
Fenlite blocks
Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks are m anufactured to
B S EN 771 -3 from natural aggregates to B S EN
12620, pyro processed lightw eight aggregates to
B S EN 13 055-1, and Portland cem ent.
These m edium density blocks are suitable for use in the
m ajority of standard applications i.e. the inner leaf of
cavity w alls w hen used w ith secondary insulation,
separating or partition w alls, infill blocks in beam and
block flooring system s and externally w here a finish is
applied.
Fenlite blocks can be used in all parts of the project
above and below ground (7.3N /m m 2 strength if used on
the outer leaf below dpc and unprotected)*.
Their perform ance m akes them em inently suitable for
general load bearing conditions, sound insulation,
internal partitions and w here ease of handling andw eight are of im portance.
Applications
Acoustic
The density of Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks gives
them excellent sound insulation properties. W hen laid to
form a cavity sound separating w all they w ill achieve the
required m ass as given in the B uilding Regulations and
Robust D etails. Typical exam ples of how Fenlite and
Fenlite 1500 blocks m ay be used to form soundseparating w alls are show n on pages 50-53.
Flooring
Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks are suitable as in-fill
blocks for beam and block flooring system s.
They should be specified as for flooring, in order that
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Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks offer a m edium s
background w hich is ideal for the direct applicatio
sand cem ent renders and plasters, together w ith
proprietary lightw eight plasters.
Material properties
M aterial properties for Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 a
show n overleaf (pages 20-21).
Dimensions, weights and properties
D im ensions, w eights and properties for Fenlite an
Fenlite 1500 are show n overleaf (pages 20-21).
Specification and performance
B eing m anufactured from C lass 1 aggregates, all
Fenlite B ackground blocks provide the highest po
levels of fire resistance together w ith good sound
insulation properties.
Strength
The strength of all Fenlite blocks dictates their
application in exposed conditions. B lock strengths of
7.3N /m m 2 and greater should be specified if they are to
be used on the outer leaf of a cavity w all below dpc
level and left unprotected. In all other norm al situations
3.6N /m m 2 blocks w ould be suitable.
Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks, in conjunction w ithsuitable thicknesses of insulation, are able to reach high
levels of therm al insulation. Sam ple constructions
achieving U -Values of 0.27, 0.30 and 0.35W /m 2.K are
illustrated on pages 42-47.
C oncrete is an excellent fire resistant m aterial.
Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks are m anufactured using
C lass 1 aggregates w hich provides the highest level of
fire resistance for a given size.
H aving good strengths, excellent fixing can be achieved
using a variety of patent fixings.
To com plem ent the range, 10.4N /m m 2 coursing units
(brick size) are available for use in conjunction w ith
3.6N /m m 2 100m m blocks and full length units are
available for 140m m w idth products.
Product data - background blocks
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Fenlite B ackground, continued
Fenlite dimensions, weights and properties
Work Width Configuration Thermal resistance Dry Weight Sound size mm mm m2 K/ W block laid reduction Si
inte rnal e xte rnal we ight kg kg/ m 2 dB no
Cl
440 x 215 75 Solid 0 .167 0.156 9.6 106 39
90 Solid 0.200 0.188 11.5 128 41
Fenlite material properties
Therm al conductivity W /m .K internal 0.45
external 0.48
D ry density kg/m 3 1350
Total m oisture m ovem ent m m m -1 < 0.95
Vapour resistivity M N .s/g.m 50
M ean com pressive solid 3.6, 7.3, 10.4
strength N /m m 2 cellular/hollow 3.6, 7.3
103m m coursing unit 10.4
140m m coursing unit 10.4
Shear bond strength N /m m 2 0.15
Fire classification A1
Flatness m m < 1.0
W ater vapour perm eability 5/15
D im ension tolerance classification D 1
C onfiguration G roup 1
Group 2
Fenlite B ackgr
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Fenlite 1500 dimensions, weights and properties
Work Width Configuration Thermal resistance Dry Weight Sound Fire resistance (hourssize mm mm m2 K/ W block laid reduction Single leaf - no applied fini
inte rnal e xte rnal weight kg kg/ m 2 dB non loadbearing loa
Class 1 Class 1
agg agg
440 x 215 75 Solid 0.156 0.144 10.6 117 40 2 -
90 Solid 0.188 0.173 12.8 141 41 2 1
Fenlite 1500 material properties
Therm al conductivity W /m .K internal 0.48
external 0.52
D ry density kg/m 3 1500
Total m oisture m ovem ent m m m -1 < 0.95
Vapour resistivity M N .s/g.m 50
M ean com pressive solid 3.6, 7.3, 10.4, 15
strength N /m m 2 cellular/hollow 3.6, 7.3
103m m coursing unit 10.4
140m m coursing unit 10.4
Shear bond strength N /m m 2 0.15
Fire classification A1
Flatness m m < 1.0
W ater vapour perm eability 5/15
D im ension tolerance classification D 1
Configuration G roup 1
Group 2
Fenlite 150 0 B ackground
Product data - background blocks
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Evalite B ackground
Mean compressive strength: 3.6 - 10.4N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 0.47 W/m.K internal, 0.505W/m.K external
Dry density: 1450kg/m3
Evalite Background
Evalite B ackground blocks are a m edium density
product offering good sound insulation, ideal for use in
all parts of the project, above and below ground.
Produced to the requirem ents of B S EN 7713, theirperform ance m akes them em inently suitable for general
load bearing conditions and w here ease of handling and
w eight are im portant.
Applications
Acoustic
Flooring
Evalite B ackground blocks ar
for beam and block flooring s
specified as for flooringin o
m anufacturing base is source
Thermal
Evalite S tandard blocks in co
thicknesses of insulation are
of therm al insulation. Sam ple
U -Values of 0.27, 0.30 and 0
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Dimensions, weights and properties
Work Width Configuration Thermal resistance Dry Weight Sound Fire resistance (hours)
size mm mm m2 K/ W block laid reduction Single leaf - no applied fini
internal external weight kg kg/ m2 dB non loadbearing loadb
Class 1 Class 1
agg agg
440 x 215 75 Solid 0.160 0.149 10.3 114 40 2 -
90 Solid 0.191 0.178 12.3 136 41 2 1
100 Solid 0.213 0.198 13.7 151 42 2 2
140 Solid 0.298 0.277 19.2 212 44 4 3
150 Solid 0.319 0.297 20.6 226 44 6 6
Material properties
Therm al conductivity W /m .K internal 0.47
external 0.505
D ry density kg/m 3 1450
Total m oisture m ovem ent m m m -1 < 0.85
Vapour resistivity M N .s/g.m 50
M ean com pressive
strength N /m m 2 solid 3.6, 7.3, 10.4
103m m coursing unit 10.4
140m m coursing unit 10.4
Shear bond strength N /m m 2 0.15
Fire classification A1
Flatness m m < 1.0
W ater vapour perm eability 5/15
D im ension tolerance classification D 1
Configuration G roup 1
Evalite Background
Product data - background blocks
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Superlite B ackground
Mean compressive strength: 3.6, 7.3N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 0.40 W/m.K internal, 0.43W/m.K external
Dry density: 1100kg/m3
Superlite Background
Superlite B ackground blocks are a lightw eight product,
m anufactured to the requirem ents of B S EN 771-3,
from pyro-processed lightw eight aggregates, com plying
w ith B S EN 13055-1, and Portland cem ent. Superlite
products offer good sound insulation and are ideal for
use in m ost parts of the project, above and below
ground. Their perform ance m akes them suitable for
general load bearing conditions, particularly where ease
of handling and w eight are im portant.
Strength
The strength of Superlite blo
application in exposed condit
7.3N /m m 2 and greater shoul
blocks are to be used on the below dpc level and left unpr
situations 3.6N /m m 2 blocks
Thermal
Superlite blocks in conjunctio
of insulation are able to reach
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Dimensions, weights and properties
Work Width Configuration Thermal resistance Dry Weight Sound Fire resistance (hours)
size mm mm m2 K/ W block laid reduction Single leaf - no applied finis
internal external weight kg kg/ m2 dB non loadbearing loadClass 1 Class 1
agg agg
440 x 215 75 Solid 0.188 0.174 7.8 88 38 2 -
90 Solid 0.225 0.209 9.4 106 39 2 1
100 Solid 0.250 0.233 10.4 118 40 2 2
140 Solid 0.350 0.326 14.6 165 42 4 3
Material properties
Therm al conductivity W /m .K internal 0.40
external 0.43
D ry density kg/m 3 1100
Total m oisture m ovem ent m m m -1 < 0.95
Vapour resistivity M N .s/g.m 40
M ean com pressive
strength N /m m 2 solid 3.6, 7.3
Shear bond strength N /m m 2 0.15
Configuration G roup 1
Fire classification A1
W ater vapour perm eability 5/15
Flatness m m < 1.0
D im ension tolerance classification D 1
Superlite B ackground
Product data - background blocks
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U ltralite B ackground
Mean compressive strength: 3.6N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 0.295W/m.K internal, 0.32 W/m.K external
Dry density: 850kg/m3
Ultralite Background
U ltralite B ackground blocks are a lightw eight product,
m anufactured to B S EN 771-3, from pyro-processed
lightw eight aggregates, com plying w ith B S EN
13055-1, and Portland cem ent. These blocks can beused in m ost parts of the project above ground and on
the inner leaf below ground. Their perform ance m akes
them suitable for general load bearing conditions,
particularly w here low w eight for handling is im portant.
Applications
Fixings and finishes
H aving good strengths, exce
using a variety of patent fixin
U ltralite blocks offer a m ediu
w hich is ideal for the direct a
renders and plasters, togethe
lightw eight plasters.
N ote: U ltralite Background blocks are no
painted, and should have a finish (plaster
applied w here the w all is to have visual im
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Dimensions, weights and properties
Work Width Configuration Thermal resistance Dry Weight Sound Fire resistance (hours)
size mm mm m2 K/ W block laid reduction Single leaf - no applied finis
internal external weight kg kg/ m2 dB non loadbearing load
Class 1 Class 1agg agg
440 x 215 75 Solid 0.254 0.234 6.0 70 37 2 -
90* Solid 0.305 0.281 7.2 85 38 2 1
100 Solid 0.339 0.313 8.0 94 39 2 2
140 Solid 0.475 0.438 11.3 131 41 4 3
Material properties
Therm al conductivity W /m .K internal 0.295
external 0.32
D ry density kg/m 3 850
Total m oisture m ovem ent m m m -1 < 0.85
Vapour resistivity M N .s/g.m 30
M ean com pressive
strength N /m m 2 solid 3.6
cellular 3.6
Shear bond strength N /m m 2 0.15
Fire classification A1
W ater vapour perm eability 5/15
Flatness m m < 1.5
D im ension tolerance classification D 1
Configuration G roup 1
U ltralite Background
Product data - background blocks
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Party W all
Mean compressive strength: 24N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 1.46W/m.K internal, 1.56 W/m.K external
Dry density: 2100kg/m3
Party Wall blocks
Produced to B S EN 771-3, using natural aggregate and
Portland cem ent, for fast and econom ical construction
of strong and sturdy party w alls. The blocks are laid on
190m m bed and due to their high density elim inate theneed for thicker blocks or cavity construction - one
block replacing tw o cavity w all blocks - thus saving tim e
and costs.
Applications
Acoustic
Fire
C oncrete is an excellent fire
Party W all blocks are m anufa
aggregate. W here fire resista
essential that the fire resistanof aggregate is checked.
Finishes
The nature of Party W all bloc
purposes of plastering, as a r
suction background. As such
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Dimensions, weights and properties
Work Width C onfigration Thermal resistance Dry Weight Sound Fire resistance (hours)
size mm mm m2 K/ W block laid reduction Single leaf - no applied finish
interna l exte rnal weight kg kg/ m2 dB non loadbearing loadbearing
Class 2 agg Class 2 agg
440 x 65 190 Solid 0.130 0.122 11.4 400 48 4 2
Material properties
Therm al conductivity W /m .K internal 1.46
external 1.56
D ry density kg/m 3 2100
Total m oisture m ovem ent m m m -1 < 0.55
Vapour resistivity M N .s/g.m 100
M ean com pressive
strength N /m m 2 solid 24
Shear bond strength N /m m 2 0.15
Configuration G roup 1
Fire classification A1
W ater vapour perm eability 5/15
D im ension tolerance classification D 1
Party W all
Product data
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2 Performance
Structural 32-39
Thermal insulation 40-47
Sound insulation 48-53
Fire resistance 54
Movement control 55-57
Moisture penetration 58-59
Durability 60
Performance
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Structural
General
It is the purpose of design to ensure that the building
be constructed so that the com bined dead, im posed
and w ind loads are sustained and transm itted by it to
the ground:
a) Safely
b)W ithout causing such deflection or deform ation of
any part of the building, or such m ovem ent of theground, as w ill im pair the stability of any part of
another building.
In order to achieve the above requirem ents, the
recom m endations for the structural design of m asonry
are given in B S 5628: Parts 1 and 2 . Additional
guidance is given in B S 5628: Part 3 for walls subject
to im posed lateral load only and internal w alls or
partitions not designed for im posed loading.
W here the building type is lim ited to:
a) Residential buildings of not m ore than three
storeys.
b) Sm all single storey non-residential buildings.
c) Sm all buildings form ing annexes to residential
buildings (including garages and out buildings).
G uidance is given in A pproved D ocum ent A of the
B uilding Regulations 2000 (2004 edition) (England andW ales) or Technical Standard C of the B uilding
Standards (Scotland) Regulations.
Table 1: Partial safety factors f
Category of
m asonry unit
Com pression, ()m C ategory IC ategory 2
Flexure, ()m C ategory I and
All aggregate concrete m aso
H anson are m anufactured tocontrols. Fig. 1 gives guidanc
strength of brick and block u
and three storey buildings in
the roof construction is of tim
durability, m ay dictate the nee
or thickness depending on lo
greater than the sizing or loa
approved docum ent, the desi
B S 5628: Parts 1 or 2 to enssafety against the ultim ate lim
W hen carrying out the design
necessary to consider the ch
safety factors for loading, tog
characteristic strength of the
factors for the m aterial stren
the characteristic com pressiv
given in Table 2 (page 34) f
concrete bricks and blocks lam ortar, (M 4).
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Cavity wall InternaUnderside ofstructural roof
Hs
Cavity wallUnderside ofstructural roof
Topside ofstructural floor
Hs Internal wall
Compressive strength of masonry units
Aggregate concrete masonry unit strength toBS EN 771-3
Blocks Bricks
C ondition A 2.90N /m m 2 6.00N /m m 2
C ondition B 7.30N /m m 2 9.00N /m m 2
C ondition C 7.30N /m m 2 18.00N /m m 2
W here
H f Less than or equal to 1m , C ondition A
W here
H f G reater than 1m , C ondition B
N otes
Figure 1
1 If H s is not greater than 2 .7m , the com pressive strength of bricks or
should be used in w alls as indicated by the key.
2 If H s is greater than 2 .7m , the com pressive strength of bricks or bloc
in the w all should be at least Condition B, or as indicated by the key, w
is the greater.
3 If the external w all is solid construction, the m asonry units should ha
com pressive strength of at least that show n for the internal leaf of a c
in the sam e position.
4 The guidance given in the diagram , for walls of tw o and three storey
buildings, should only be used to determ ine the com pressive strength
m asonry units w here the roof construction is of tim ber.
One storey
Performance
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Structural
Table 2: Characteristic compressive strength of m asonry, fk, in N/ mm 2
Block Aspect Unit strength N/ mm2
size ratio
3.60 7.30 10.40 15.00 17.50 22.50
Group 1 Units (void content < 25% ) in designation (iii) Mortar (M4)
440 x 215 x 75 2.87 3.50 6.40 8.20 9.43 10.10 12.00
440 x 215 x 90 2.39 3.50 6.40 8.20 9.43 10.10 12.00
440 x 215 x 100 2.15 3.50 6.40 8.20 9.43 10.10 12.00
440 x 215 x 140 1.54 2.91 5.35 6.85 7.89 8.46 10.03
440 x 215 x 150 1.43 2.77 5.10 6.53 7.52 8.06 9.56
440 x 215 x 190 1.13 2.38 4.41 5.65 6.52 6.99 8.27
440 x 215 x 200 1.08 2.32 4.30 5.51 6.35 6.81 8.06
440 x 215 x 215 1.00 2.21 4.11 5.27 6.09 6.53 7.71
215 x 215 x190 1.13 - 4.41 5.65 6.52 6.99 8.27
290 x 215 x 140 1.54 - 5.35 6.85 7.89 8.46 10.03
290 x 140 x 215 0.65 - 3.31 4.25 4.92 5.28 6.21
440 x 65 x 190 0.34 - - - - - -
215 x 65 x 103 0.63 - - 4.19 - - 6.13
440 x 65 x 140 0.46 - - 3.69 - - -
Group 2 units (void content > 25% but < 60% ) in designation (iii) mortar (M4)440 x 215 x 140 1.54 2.91 5.15 6.11 - - -
440 x 215 x 150 1.43 2.77 4.92 5.88 - - -
440 x 215 x 190 1.13 2.38 4.30 5.24 - - -
440 x 215 x 215 1.00 2.21 4.03 4.96 - - -
G 1 it l id fl t i d i ti (iii) t (M4) t th t t d i ht
Characteristic compressive strength of masonry, fk
For norm ally bonded m asonry, defined in term s of the shape and com pressive strength o
classification of the m ortar, the values given in Table 2 m ay be taken to be the character
fk, of w alls constructed under laboratory conditions, tested at an age of 28 days.
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Reinforced masonry
W hen considering reinforced m asonry design, guidance
is given in B S 5628: Part 2. A particular application of
this form of construction is the form ation of lintels over
openings, w here the block pattern is to be m aintained.
In order to achieve this, trough lintel or bond team units
(half length trough lintels used w here a fair faced soffit
is required) are laid on tem porary form w ork w ith an
extra unit at each end to form the bearing. The voidachieved is then filled w ith the necessary reinforcem ent
and infill concrete to w ithstand the applied load.
The w hole assem bly is allow ed to cure before the
form w ork is struck.
A typical exam ple is show n in Fig. 2.
Table 3 gives guidance on the m axim um spans for
single layer reinforced m asonry trough lintels used in
internal applications. W here it is necessary to have
greater spans, the use of double layer reinforced
sections should be considered (as illustrated).
Local bed-joint reinforcement
Bond beam units witwe s knocke out
B ond beam s can also be used:
a) As horizontal beam s to distribute loads to colum
b) As heads of w alls to distribute vertical loads
c) B elow large panel openings to assist w ith m ove
control.
The reinforcem ent quantities in the table are
for guidance only, exact detail and specification
should be approved by a structural engineer.
Table 3 : Maximum spans for single layer reinforced mas
above openings
Trough lintel (face size)
Full length Half length Width Maximum Reinforc
mm span (m) (high yie
440 x 215 215 x 215 100 2.4 1 x 12m
440 x 215 215 x 215 140 2.2 1 x 12m
440 x 215 215 x 215 190 2.2 1 x 12m
440 x 215 215 x 215 215 2.1 1 x 12m
The m axim um spans indicated above have been based on:
1. Loads assessed in accordance w ith B S 5977: Part 1(no additional loads or openings in load triangle or interazone other than m asonry above).
2. M ortar designation (ii) (M 6)
3. B lock strength 7.3N /m m 2
4. C oncrete infill(a) 1:0-1/4:3:2 cem ent:lim e:sand:10m m m ax. size aggre
(b) Concrete grade C 30 215m m
5. M inim um bearings 215m m
Performance
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Internal walls or partitions not designated for
imposed loading
W hen an internal w all or partition is not intended to
carry an im posed load, it should be laterally restrained
by horizontal or vertical, continuous or interm ittent
supports. The length or height of the w all in relation to
its thickness should be w ithin the lim its given in
Figs. 3, 4 and 5, page 37.
C onsideration should also be given to the follow ing,
w hich m ay affect stability:
a) O penings
b) Accom m odation of m ovem ent
c) C hasing
d) Exceptional lateral loading
e) W ind load
W here w alls are to be plastered and the plaster
thickness is included in the w all thickness calculation,
the w all m ay require tem porary bracing prior to
plastering.
The type of restraint em ployed should allow for the
m ovem ent of the w all due to shrinkage or therm al
changes, together w ith any deflection of the structure,
w ithout inducing unacceptably high stresses w hich m ay
result in cracking and potential instability.
Mortars
The specification and choice of the m ortar is a
fundam ental determ inant of the structural and visual
properties of a blockw ork w all.
F llH bl k d i l
Table 5 : Internal and external dim(all dimensions nominal)
Half length trough lintels (fair faced
Work size Width
mm (t)
215 x 215mm a
b
Other sizes are available, cut from s
a
t
a
t
c
Block dimensions: hollow/cellulars
Work size Width
mm (t) 140c
440 x 215mm a 30
b 30
c 50
Voids vary in size depending on mablocks, the void does not pass throaverage a 25mm bottom thickness.
Structural
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1.0
1.0
100
125
140150
190
200
215
Notrecommended
Wallheightm
Wall length m
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
1.0
1.0
100
125
140150
190
200
215
Notrecommended
Wallheightm
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Wall length m
Figure 3 : Recommended block width non-loadbearing unplastered wallsrestrained at the top only
Performance
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Structural
Radius walls
Standard blocks can be laid in stretcher bond to form
circular or curved w alls. The length and thickness of the
block w ill determ ine the w idth of the perpend on the
outer face and the overhang betw een successive
courses for a particular radius.
Length of block
T
Externalperpend width(see table)
Width of internalperpend 10mm
Overhang betweenalternative courses
Figure 6: Typical radius wall
Fig. 6 and Table 6 give guida
on the size of the unit w ith a
joint on the internal face. To l
perpend joint, the joint on the
reduced, or the block cut on
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Table 6: Overhang and perpend joint widths for radius walls
Wall Work size: 440 x 215mm Work size: 215 x 215mm
radius W = 100 L = 440 W = 140 L = 440 W = 100 L = 215 W = 140 L = 215
mm Overhang Perpend Overhang Perpend Overhang Perpend Overhang Perpend
joint joint joint
600 44 86 46 120 10 50 11 68
800 32 68 33 93 8 40 8 53
1000 25 56 26 76 6 34 6 44
1200 21 48 21 65 5 29 5 29
1400 18 43 18 57 4 27 4 34
1600 16 39 16 51 4 24 4 31
1800 14 36 14 46 3 23 3 28
2000 12 33 13 42 3 22 3 26
2500 10 28 10 36 2 19 2 23
3000 8 25 8 31 2 18 2 21
3500 7 23 7 28 2 17 2 19
4000 6 21 6 26 1 16 1 18
4500 5 20 5 24 1 15 1 17
5000 5 19 5 23 1 15 1 16
5500 4 18 4 22 1 14 1 16
6000 4 18 4 21 1 14 1 15
W= Width L= Length
Performance
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Thermal Insulation
Introduction
N ew m easures to im prove the energy efficiency of
buildings have been introduced by the G overnm ent.
The intention is to m eet the requirem ents of The
Energy Perform ance of Buildings D irective (EPB D )
w hich aim s to further com bat clim ate change and
requires buildings to be both better insulated and to
m ake use of m ore efficient heating system s.
The changes to Approved D ocum ents (conservation of
fuel and pow er) of the B uilding R egulations for
England and W ales cam e into force on 6th A pril
2006.
The revised Approved D ocum ent w ill also m ake air
leakage pressure testing of buildings m andatory,
thereby im proving com pliance w ith the regulations.
The use of Robust D etails for airtightness of dw ellingsm ay provide an alternative to routine testing, although
at present the required details have not yet been
developed.
G uidance is given below on com pliance to satisfy the
requirem ents of B uilding Regulation L1 (England and
W ales) 2006, w ith respect to H ansons aggregate
blocks.
D ifferent requirem ents apply in Scotland. Please refer
to technical standard J of the B uilding Standards
(Scotland) Regulations.
Approved Documents
The new Part L A pproved D ocum ents are in 4 sections
as follow s:
com pliance can be assessed
procedure know n as the Sim
M odel (SB EM ). Conservatori
than 30m 2 m ust com ply w ith
Part L1A requirements - d
The 2006 am endm ents to Pa
about a 20% reduction in car
com pared to dw ellings built t
of therm al insulation. C om plia
dem onstrated using a revised
Procedure (SAP 2005) calcu
SAP 2005 & Emission rates
The use of SA P 2005 w ill re
em issions from :
1. Space and w ater heating,
2. The use of internal fixed li
The Target C O 2 Em ission Ra
determ ined. This is calculated
based on SAP 2005 and is, i
notional building w hich assum
on the 2002 regulation desig
form ula is used to determ ine
TE R = (C H x fuel factor + C
factor).
The fuel factor is a tabulated
D ocum ent L1 and is depende
The D w elling C O 2 Em ission R
based on the energy features
It needs to be carried out tw i
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Table 7: Design limit U-Values
Element (a) Area - weighted (b) Worst individual
Stage 2
The dw elling fabric and the fixed services should have
perform ance values no w orse than the specified
design lim its.
Stage 3
The dw elling should include appropriate passive control
m easures to lim it the effect of solar gains on indoor
tem peratures.
Stage 4
The perform ance of the dw elling, as built, is consistent
w ith the D ER. This requires a check to ensure that any
changes in perform ance and specification of m aterials
betw een design and construction do not affect the TE R.
A final calculation of the D ER is required to confirm
com pliance.
Stage 5
Inform ation concerning the energy efficient operation ofthe dw elling should be provided to the occupier. This w ill
include operating and m aintenance instructions
produced in such a w ay that householders can
understand.
This inform ation is expected to be included as part of
the H om e Inform ation P ack.
Limits on design flexibility
For design purposes, the lim iting U -Values show n in
Table 7 should not be exceeded. In practice, the
envelope standards w ould need to be better than the
lim iting values.
O ther steps could include an appropriate com bina
w indow size and orientation, solar protection throu
shading, ventilation etc. Reference should be m ad
C E 129 Reducing O verheating - A D esigners G u
for m ore inform ation.
Quality of construction
It is im portant to note that insulation should be
continuous over the w hole dw elling envelope and
the air perm eability is w ithin a reasonable lim it.
To ensure that the perform ance of the dw elling as
is consistent w ith the D ER, a check is required to
ensure that any changes in perform ance and
specification of m aterials betw een design and
construction do not affect the TER. A final calcula
the D ER is required to confirm com pliance. If the
dw elling does not com ply, then appropriate rem ed
be required. A checklist is provided in Approved
D ocum ent L1A to aid identification of non-confor
For details of how to com ply w ith the requirem ent
Parts L1B , L2A and L2B , please consult the relev
Approved D ocum ents. D etails of the changes rela
Part L w ere reproduced from the technical data s
com piled by the C oncrete B lock Association.
Aggregate block solutions
Although the perform ance values of the building
envelope w ill depend on factors such as air perm evalues, fuel type and heating efficiency, it is likely
w all U -Values of 0.27- 0.35W /m 2K w ill be require
Exam ples of aggregate block solutions to m eet th
level of perform ance are detailed on pages 42-47
Th U V l i i thi b h t t
Performance
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Full fill construction
Table 8: minimum thickness of insulation to achieve a 0.27 W/ m2.K U-Value (actual U-Value in brackets). 100 mm inner leaf block wid
Insulation Evalast Fenlite Fenlite Evalite Superlite Ultra
conductivity W/ m.K 1500 Standard
0.032 n/a 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
0.036 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125
0.040 145 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135
0.032 n/a 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a0.036 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125
0.040 125 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135
0.032 100 (0.27) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a 100 (0.27) 100
0.036 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.25) 125
0.040 140 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130
0.032 n/a 100 (0.27) n/a 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
0.036 125 (0.27) 125 (0.27) 125 (0.27) 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125
0.040 145 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 135
0.032 n/a 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
0.036 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125
0.040 140 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135
0.032 100 (0.27) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 100
0.036 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125
0.040 140 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130
0.032 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.26) 100
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 100
0.036 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 1250.040 140 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 130
0.032 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a 100 (0.27) 100
0.036 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.25) 125
0.040 135 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130
0.032 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.25) 100
Therm al insulation
Brick outer leaf
Full fill insulation
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
Evalast outer leaf
Full fill insulation
Render
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
Fenlite outer leaf
Full fill insulation
Render
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
0.27
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Full fill construction
Table 9: minimum thickness of insulation to achieve a 0.30 W/ m2.K U-Value (actual U-Value in brackets). 100 mm inner leaf
Insulation Evalast Fenlite Fenlite Evalite Superlite
conductivity W/ m.K 1500 Standard
0.032 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.2
0.034 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.2
0.036 125 (0.27) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.3
0.040 125 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.3
0.032 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.2
0.034 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.20.036 125 (0.27) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.3
0.040 125 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.3
0.032 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.3
0.034 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.2
0.036 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.2
0.040 120 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.3
0.032 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.2
0.034 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.2
0.036 125 (0.27) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.3
0.040 130 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 125 (0.30) 125 (0.30) 120 (0.3
0.032 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.2
0.034 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.2
0.036 125 (0.27) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.3
0.040 125 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.3
0.032 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.3
0.034 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.2
0.036 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.2
0.040 120 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.3
0.032 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.3
0.034 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.2
0.036 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.2
0.040 125 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 115 (0.3
0.032 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.3
0.034 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.2
0.036 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.2
0.040 120 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.3
0.032 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.3
Brick outer leaf
Full fill insulation
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
Evalast outer leaf
Full fill insulation
Render
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
Fenlite outer leaf
Full fill insulation
Render
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
0.30
Performance
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Full fill construction
Table 10 : minimum thickness of insulation to achieve a 0.35 W/ m2.K U-Value (actual U-Value in brackets). 100 mm inner leaf block wi
Insulation Evalast Fenlite Fenlite Evalite Superlite Ultra
conductivity W/ m.K 1500 Standard
0.032 85 (0.33) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.34) 75
0.034 85 (0.34) 85 (0.33) 85 (0.33) 85 (0.33) 85 (0.33) 75
0.036 90 (0.34) 85 (0.34) 85 (0.35) 85 (0.35) 85 (0.34) 80
0.040 100 (0.34) 95 (0.34) 95 (0.34) 95 (0.34) 95 (0.34) 95
0.032 85 (0.33) 75 (0.34) 75 (0.34) 75 (0.34) 75 (0.34) 750.034 85 (0.34) 85 (0.32) 85 (0.33) 85 (0.32) 75 (0.35) 75
0.036 90 (0.34) 85 (0.34) 85 (0.34) 85 (0.34) 80 (0.35) 80
0.040 95 (0.35) 90 (0.35) 90 (0.35) 90 (0.35) 90 (0.35) 90
0.032 75 (0.35) 75 (0.33) 75 (0.33) 75 (0.33) 75 (0.33) 75
0.034 85 (0.33) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.34) 75
0.036 85 (0.34) 80 (0.34) 80 (0.35) 80 (0.35) 80 (0.34) 75
0.040 95 (0.34) 90 (0.34) 90 (0.34) 90 (0.34) 85 (0.35) 85
0.032 85 (0.33) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.33) 75 (0.33) 75 (0.33) 75
0.034 85 (0.35) 85 (0.33) 85 (0.33) 85 (0.33) 85 (0.33) 75
0.036 90 (0.35) 85 (0.35) 85 (0.35) 85 (0.35) 85 (0.34) 85
0.040 100 (0.35) 95 (0.35) 95 (0.35) 95 (0.35) 95 (0.34) 90
0.032 85 (0.32) 75 (0.34) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.34) 75 (0.34) 75
0.034 85 (0.34) 85 (0.33) 85 (0.33) 85 (0.33) 85 (0.32) 75
0.036 90 (0.34) 85 (0.34) 85 (0.34) 85 (0.34) 85 (0.34) 80
0.040 100 (0.34) 95 (0.34) 95 (0.34) 95 (0.34) 90 (0.35) 95
0.032 75 (0.35) 75 (0.33) 75 (0.33) 75 (0.33) 75 (0.33) 75
0.034 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75
0.036 85 (0.35) 80 (0.35) 80 (0.35) 80 (0.35) 80 (0.34) 75
0.040 95 (0.35) 90 (0.34) 90 (0.35) 90 (0.34) 90 (0.34) 85
0.032 75 (0.35) 75 (0.33) 75 (0.34) 75 (0.34) 75 (0.33) 75
0.034 85 (0.33) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75
0.036 85 (0.35) 80 (0.35) 80 (0.35) 80 (0.35) 80 (0.35) 80
0.040 95 (0.35) 90 (0.35) 90 (0.35) 90 (0.35) 90 (0.34) 85
0.032 75 (0.34) 75 (0.33) 75 (0.33) 75 (0.33) 75 (0.33) 65
0.034 85 (0.33) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.35) 75 (0.34) 75
0.036 85 (0.34) 80 (0.34) 80 (0.34) 80 (0.34) 80 (0.34) 75
0.040 95 (0.34) 85 (0.35) 90 (0.34) 90 (0.34) 85 (0.35) 85
0 032 75 (0 33) 65 (0 35) 75 (0 32) 75 (0 32) 65 (0 35) 65
Therm al insulation
0.35
Brick outer leaf
Full fill insulation
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
Evalast outer leaf
Full fill insulation
Render
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
Fenlite outer leaf
Full fill insulation
Render
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
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Partial fill construction
Table 11: minimum thickness of insulation to achieve a 0.27 W/ m2.K U-Value (actual U-Value in brackets). 100 mm inner lea
Insulation Evalast Fenlite Fenlite Evalite Superlite
conductivity W/ m.K 1500 Standard
Foil faced 65 (0.27) 65 (0.26) 65 (0.27) 65 (0.27) 65 (0.26
C avity insulation(k= 0.023W /m .K ) 65 (0.27) 65 (0.26) 65 (0.26) 65 (0.26) 60 (0.27
C avity (low em issivity)
= 0.644m 2K /W 65 (0.26) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27
Foil faced 65 (0.27) 65 (0.27) 65 (0.27) 65 (0.27) 65 (0.26
C avity insulation
(k= 0.023W /m .K ) 65 (0.27) 65 (0.26) 65 (0.26) 65 (0.26) 65 (0.26
C avity (low em issivity)
= 0.644m 2K /W 65 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27
Foil faced 65 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 6 0 (0.27
C avity insulation
(k= 0.023W /m .K ) 65 (0.26) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 6 0 (0.27
C avity (low em issivity)
= 0.644m 2K /W 60 (0.27) 60 (0.26) 60 (0.26) 60 (0.26) 60 (0.26
Fenlite outer leaf
50mm clear cavity
Partial fill insulation
Render
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
Everlast outer leaf
50mm clear cavity
Partial fill insulation
Render
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
Brick outer leaf
50mm clear cavity
Partial fill insulation
Inner leaf blockInternal finish
0.27
Performance
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Partial fill construction
Table 12 : minimum thickness of insulation to achieve a 0.30 W/ m2.K U-Value (actual U-Value in brackets). 100 mm inner leaf block wi
Insulation Evalast Fenlite Fenlite Evalite Superlite Ultra
conductivity W/ m.K 1500 Standard
Foil faced 60 (0.29) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0
C avity insulation
(k= 0.023W /m .K ) 55 (0.30) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 45 (0C avity (low em issivity)
= 0.644 m 2K /W 50 (0.30) 45 (0.30) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 45 (0.30) 45 (0
Foil faced 6 0 (0.29) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.3 0) 50 (0C avity insulation
(k= 0.023W /m .K ) 55 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.29) 50 (0
C avity (low em issivity)
= 0.644 m 2K /W 50 (0.30) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 45 (0.30) 45 (0
Foil faced 50 (0.30) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 45 (0
C avity insulation
(k= 0.023W /m .K ) 50 (0.30) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.3 0) 45 (0
C avity (low em issivity)
= 0.644 m 2K /W 50 (0.29) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.29) 45 (0
Therm al insulation
0.30
Fenlite outer leaf
50mm clear cavity
Partial fill insulation
Render
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
Brick outer leaf
50mm clear cavity
Partial fill insulation
Inner leaf blockInternal finish
Everlast outer leaf
50mm clear cavity
Partial fill insulation
Render
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
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Partial fill construction
Table 13 : minimum thickness of insulation to achieve a 0.35 W/ m2.K U-Value (actual U-Value in brackets). 100 mm inner lea
Insulation Evalast Fenlite Fenlite Evalite Superlite
conductivity W/ m.K 1500 Standard
Foil faced 45 (0.33) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.34
C avity insulation
(k= 0.023W /m .K ) 40 (0.35) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.33C avity (low em issivity)
= 0.644m 2K /W 40 (0.34) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.35
Foil faced 45 (0.33) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.35) 40 (0.34) 4 0 (0.34C avity insulation
(k= 0.023W /m .K ) 45 (0.33) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.34
C avity (low em issivity)
= 0.644m 2K /W 40 (0.34) 35 (0.35) 40 (0.33) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.35
Foil faced 40 (0.35) 40 (0.33) 40 (0.33) 40 (0.33) 35 (0.35
C avity insulation
(k= 0.023W /m .K ) 40 (0.34) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.35
C avity (low em issivity)
= 0.644m 2K /W 35 (0.35) 35 (0.34) 35 (0.34) 35 (0.34) 35 (0.34
0.35
Fenlite outer leaf
50mm clear cavity
Partial fill insulation
Render
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
Brick outer leaf
50mm clear cavity
Partial fill insulation
Inner leaf blockInternal finish
Everlast outer leaf
50mm clear cavity
Partial fill insulation
Render
Inner leaf block
Internal finish
Performance
S d i l i
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Sound insulation
Introduction
Approved D ocum ent E (AD E) of the B uilding
Regulations cam e into force on 1st July 2003. It w as
am ended again in July 2004 to enable R obust D etails
to be included as a valid m ethod of m eeting the
requirem ents of the regulations.
The aim s of the review w ere to broaden the scope of
Part E, to raise standards of sound insulation, and of
particular im portance, to im prove com pliance w ith theperform ance standards in order to reduce the potential
for com plaints regarding noise from neighbours.
ADE RequirementsE1 Protection against sound from other parts of the
building and adjoining buildings
(a) This requirem ent now includes room s for residential
purposes as w ell as dw elling houses and flats.
Room for residential purposesm eans a room , or suite
of room s, w hich is not a dw elling-house or flat and
w hich is used by one or m ore persons to live and sleep
in, including room s in hotels, hostels, boarding houses,
halls of residence and residential hom es, but not
including room s in hospitals, or other sim ilar
establishm ents, used for patient accom m odation.
(b) Perform ance standards are given for w alls, floors
and stairs having a separating function, in new buildings
and buildings form ed by change of use.
E2 Protection against sound within a dwelling-house etc
(c) This is a new requirem ent that sets standards for the
sound insulation of w alls and floors in dw elling-houses,
flats and room s for residential purposes.
Meeting the regulationsSatisfying E1
O ne m ethod of satisfying req
separating w alls, separating f
separating function, together
flanking construction, in such
the sound insulation values f
flats set out in Table 1a of AD
14 below ), and the values for
purposes set out in Table 1b
below ) or by using Robust D
houses or flats.
Table 1 4: Dwelling-houses and ffor separating walls, separating fseparating function.
Airb orne insulationDnT,w + Ct(Minimum
Purpose built dwellinghouses and flatsW alls 45Floors and stairs 45
Dwelling houses and flats formby a material change of use
W alls 43Floors and stairs 43
Table 1 5: Rooms for residential pstandards for separating walls, sthat have a separating function.
Airb orne insulationDnT,w + Ct(Minimum
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Compliance
C om pliance w ith R egulation E1 (party w alls) can be
achieved by the follow ing one of m ethods detailed
below using aggregate concrete blocks-
B uild to the prescriptive m ethods detailed in the
Approved Docum ent.
or alternatively
B uild to the designs detailed in the Robust D etailsM anual.
Pre-Completion Testing
Sound insulation testing to dem onstrate com pliance
w ith requirem ent E1 should be carried out on site as
part of the construction process. In the Approved
D ocum ent it is referred to as Pre-Com pletiontesting.
U nder Regulation 20A and Regulation 12A, the duty of
ensuring that appropriate sound insulation testing is
carried out falls on the person carrying out the buildingw ork, w ho is also responsible for the cost of the testing.
Testing should be carried out for:
a)Purpose built dw elling-houses and flats;
b)D w elling-houses and flats form ed by m aterial change
of use;
c)Purpose built room s for residential purposes;
d)Room s for residential purposes form ed by m aterial
change of use.
The Pre-Com pletion Test regim e and procedure are
detailed in S ection 1 of the Approved D ocum ent.
Table 16: Laboratory values for new internal walls and flwithin dwelling houses, flats and rooms for residentialpurposes, whether purpose built or formed by material of use.
Airborne sound insulationRw dB(minimum values)
W alls 40
Floors and stairs 40
Internal walls (no testing required)
C om pliance w ith regulation E2 (internal w alls) can
achieved by follow ing the m ethod detailed below
aggregate concrete blocks:
B uild to the prescriptive m ethod detailed in the
Approved Docum ent.
Exam ples of internal w all constructions that m eet
laboratory sound insulation values set out in Table
are detailed below :
Specification
C oncrete block w all, plaster or plasterboard finish
both sides
M inim um m ass per unit area, excluding finish
= 120 kg/m 2
A ll joints w ell sealed
Plaster or plasterboard finish on both room side
Compliant constructions
75m m Evalast solid
90m m Evalast solid
100m m Evalast solid
100m m Evalast Solo
Performance
S d i l ti
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Sound insulation
Approved Document Met
Testing required)
The constructions detailed be
should achieve the sound ins
houses and flats set out in Ta
room s for residential purpose
(page 48).
Achieving the required perfor
upon good w orkm anship in sand also in the associated fla
G uidance is provided in the A
suitable designs at these crit
Wall Type 1.1 Solid wall
215m m Evalast solid dense a
laid flat), w et plaster on both
M inim um m ass per unit are
415kg/m 2
Fig. 7
Weighted sound reduction index single leaf
masonry (Rw)
It has becom e the norm for designers to specify noise
control requirem ents in term s of the W eighted Sound
Reduction Index (Rw) w hich represents the airborne
sound insulation perform ance of a building elem ent.
Tables 17 and 18 illustrate a selection of R w values for
our Evalast and Evalite range of products w hich have
been established through testing and evaluation.
Table 17: Evalast sound insulation
Blockwork and type Estimate of weighted sound
reduction index Rw (dB)
fair-faced dry lined plaster
75m m solid 37 45 47
90m m solid 39 46 48
100m m solid 42 48 50
125m m solid 46 50 52
140m m solid 51 52 54
150m m solid 52 52 54
190m m solid 53 53 55
200m m solid 54 55 55
215m m solid 55 56 56
100m m cellular 37 45 47
140m m hollow 43 49 51
150m m hollow 42 48 50
190m m hollow 46 50 52
215m m hollow 47 51 52
T bl 18 E lit d i l ti
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Robust Details
The H B F (H ouse B uilders Federation) have deve
and tested a portfolio of Robust D etails (R D ) that
generic m asonry and floor constructions. The D C L
(form erly O D PM ) and H B F agreed the testing reg
and m inim um perform ance standards for R D sepa
w alls and floors. These m inim um standards are fa
higher (5dB ) than those in the Approved D ocum e
The testing regim e requires that these enhancedstandards be achieved for each R D based on at le
thirty tests, w ith not m ore than eight of the tests o
the sam e site, and involving m ore than one builde
(to ensure that a range of w orkm anship and supe
is covered). The perform ance standards are in ter
the m ean of the thirty tests.
Robust Details method (no Pre-CompletionTesting required for dwelling-houses and fla
Achieving the required perform ance level is depenupon good w orkm anship in separating w alls and f
and also in the associated flanking construction,
guidance is provided in the R obust Details M anua
suitable designs at these critical junctions, it is a
requirem ent that these recom m endations and
procedures are adhered to as deviation w ill result
invalid construction.
The follow ing details (pages 51-53) show R D
constructions using aggregate blocks.
Two leaves of 100m m Evalast solid dense aggregate
blocks w ith 50m m m inim um cavity, w et plaster on both
room faces.
M inim um m ass per unit area including plaster
415kg/m 2.
M inim um cavity w idth of 50m m required in party w all.
13m m w et plaster on both room faces.
Plaster
Masonry
Cavity
Plaster
M
Plaster 13mm(minimum)
Cavity walblock dens
Fig. 8
Wall Type 2.1 Cavity wall
E-WM-1
Wall Type 2.2 Cavity wall
Performance
Sound insulation
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Sound insulation
Tw o leaves of 100m m Fenlite, Fenlite 1500 or Evalite
Standard solid m edium dense aggregate blocks w ith75m m m inim um cavity, w et plaster on both room faces.
The external w all (flanking w all) should be
constructed of tw o leaves of m asonry.
M inim um cavity width of 75m m required in party wall.
13m m w et plaster (m inim um 10kg/m 2) on both
room faces.
Plaster 13mm(minimum)
Cavity wall,block density(1350-1600kg/m3)
75mm
275mm(minimum)
Fig. 11
12.5mm gypsum based boarnominal 8kg/m2mounteon dabs
Internal render,scratch finish nomin8mm (6mm minimum
Two leaves of 100m m Evala
blocks w ith 75m m m inim um (m inim um 8kg/m 2) on 8m m
scratch finish on both room f
The external w all (flanking
constructed of tw o leaves
M inim um cavity width of 7
G ypsum -based board nom
sand: cem ent render w ith
room faces.
Fig. 12
E-WM-2 E-WM-3
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Block density 1350-1600kg/m3
Insulation 35mmHi-therm RD35 fomineral wool acou
Wall ties Insularetaining wall ties (tie type A)
Cavity width 75minimum (leaf to l
External flanking wMasonry both leav50mm minimum c
Wall finish gypsboard nominal 9.8mounted on dabs
Tw o leaves of 100m m Fenlite, Fenlite 1500 or Evalite
Standard solid m edium dense aggregate blocks w ith75m m m inim um cavity, drylining board (m inim um
8kg/m 2) on 8m m sand:cem ent render w ith scratch
finish on both room faces.
The external w all (flanking w all) should be
constructed of tw o leaves of m asonry.
M inim um cavity width of 75m m required in party wall.
G ypsum -based board nom inal 8kg/m 2 on 8mm
sand:cem ent render w ith scratch finish on both
room faces.
12.5mm gypsum-based boardnominal 8kg/m mounteon dabs
Internal render,scratch finish nominal8mm (6mm minimum)
Cavity wall,block density(1350-1600kg/m3)
27 mm(minimum)
Tw o leaves of 100m m Fenlite, Fenlite 1500 or Ev
Standard solid m edium dense aggregate blocks w75m m m inim um cavity incorporating 35m m Isow o
H i-therm R D 35 foil faced m ineral w ool acoustic b
gypsum board (m inim um 9.8kg/m 2) on both room
The external w all (flanking w all) should be
constructed of tw o leaves of m asonry.
M inim um cavity width of 75 m m required in part
G ypsum -based board nom inal 9.8kg/m 2
m ounted on dabs.
Fig. 13 Fig. 14
E-WM-4 E-WM-8
Fire resistance
Performance
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Fire resistance
Introduction
Fire resistance of m asonry w alls relates to fitness for
use and is a property of the com plete elem ent of a
structure. The period of fire resistance of a m asonry w all
is taken to be the tim e (from 30 m inutes to 6 hours)
from the start of the test to failure of stability and
integrity.
All H ansons aggregate blocks have an A1 fire
classification rating and have been tested to relevantB ritish and European Standards.
N otional periods of fire resistance for m asonry w alls to
com ply with A pproved D ocum ent B (AD ) are given in
Table 14 of B S 56 28 : Part 3.
Criteria for fire resistance
This table takes cognisance of the relevant factors
affecting the use of m asonry units for fire resistance
purposes. These are as follow s:
a The form of the units involved i.e. w hether solid or
otherw ise.
b The thickness of the units involved.
c The aggregates used in the m anufacture of the units,
i.e C lass 1 or Class 2 aggregates.
Class 1 aggregates com prise lim estone, pum ice,
sintered pulverised fuel ash, furnace bottom ash,
foam ed or expanded slag and various other types of
aggregate.
Class 2 aggregates, com prise all gravels and crushed
natural stone, excluding lim estone.
In general tem s, all lightweight blocks are m ade from
Class 1 aggregates.
Th E l t f d t b d d f
The fire resistance quoted on
sheets are based on:
i Loadbearing or non-loadbe
ii N o finish
iiiM ade w ith C lass 1 or Clas
iv Single leaf
For alternative form s of cons
H ansons Product Services d
In w alls designed to resist fir
joints necessary should be fil
m aterial capable of accepting
and sealed w ith an appropria
sam e fire resistance as the b
Movement control
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Positioning of movement joints
M ovem ent joints are used to elim inate or control
cracking w ithin the fabric. The joints are located in
strategic positions and allow slight, predeterm ined
m ovem ent w ithout subsequent cracking to the m asonry.
Spacing, design and location of m ovem ent joints
depends principally on the dim ensions and shape of
the w all in question, detailing techniques and the
com plexity of the structure. The joints should be located
at junctions w hich m ay be vulnerable to cracking.
The position of m ovem ent joints w ill be strongly
influenced by structural and architectural considerations
but the follow ing m ay prove useful as an indication of
w here control joints m ay be necessary.
Straight walls
C racking is m ost likely to occur in long, straight w alls.
B lockw ork w alls of excessive length should be divided
into a series of rectangular panels w ith m ovem ent jointsbetw een each panel. The effects of end restraint need
to be assessed w hen deciding on the panel length.
This can add either 25% or 50% to the actual length, if
one or tw o ends are fully restrained. It is upon this total
length that the em pirical rules are then applied. In the
case of lightweight aggregate blocks, the m axim um
length betw een m ovem ent joints is 6m and 9m for
dense aggregate blocks. The length of each panel
should not norm ally be in excess of tw ice the height ofthe panel and areas of blockw ork above and below
openings should be treated as individual panels.
The follow ing gives general guidance for m ethods of
controlling m ovem ent in blockw ork panels.
Changes of height, thickness and profile
M ovem ent joints should be provided w here chang
height, thickness and profile (either on plan or sec
occur in the w all since these junctions are particu
vulnerable to cracking (Figs. 15, 16 and 17).
Movement control
Fig. 15: Movement joints adjacent to openings
Fig. 16: Movement joint at change of height
Performance
M ovem entcontrol
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M ovem ent control
Types of movement joints
Continuous vertical joints
Various form s of m ovem ent j
these should be 10m m w ide
not greater than 6.0m centre
blocks and 9.0m centres for
The sim plest version is to con
vertical joint as w ork proceed
com pressible boards (e.g. bit
fireboard) betw een the joints
com patible m astic for externa
or m etal cover strips are avai
joints (Figs. 21, 22, 23 and 2
Bed joint reinforcement
Internal and external finishes
across the m ovem ent joint un
m ade. B ed-joint reinforcem en
be used to increase joint spa
stresses around openings. In
reinforcem ent should be loca
panels where openings occu
betw een m ovem ent joints ha
The reinforcem ent should be
above and below the opening
extended at least 600m m be
The reinforcem ent m ust be c
discontinuous at m ovem ent j
Flat bar joints
W here increased stability of p
m ovem ent joint is im portant,
debonded at one end, can be
Fig. 19: Movement joints at junctions to columns
(plan view)
Fig. 18: Movement joints at wall junctions(plan view)
Movement control joints
C ontrol joints w ill be required at the junctions of
intersecting w alls and junctions w ith colum ns, and also
w here w alls are penetrated by m ajor service pipes and
ducts, or w here large chases are incorporated to
accom m odate services (Figs. 18, 19 and 20).
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Fig. 21: Movement joint at steel column (plan view)
Flexible stripwith sealant
Fig. 22: Movement joints at steel column (plan view)
Fig. 23: Movement joint in block cavity walls (plan view)
Fig. 24: Movement joint
600mm 600mm
Performance
Moisture penetration
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Moisture penetration
Introduction
The type and m ethod of w all construction w ill influence
its ability to resist w ind-driven rain.
For both single-leaf and cavity w alls, total resistance to
rain penetration can only be achieved by cladding.
W hilst rendering can substantially enhance the rain
resistance of the w all, it is essential to select the right
type of m ix, thickness and num ber of coats.
The use of m asonry paint system s and other proprietary
external finishes m ay increase the resistance to rain
penetration, but m ay also reduce the rate of evaporation
of any w ater from the w all.
Joint protection
It is essential to fill all the joints to m inim ise the risk of
rain penetration. Tooled m ortar joints are m ore resistant
to rain penetration than joints which have not been
tooled. Recessed joints increase the risk of w ater
penetration.
Rain resistance
The rain resistance of rendered and un-rendered single
leaf concrete m asonry w alls is dependent on the
thickness as show n in Table 20.
Use of hollow blocks
W here hollow blocks are use
of shell bedding m ay reduce
inner surface and so give som
cavity w all construction. In un
air space is considered satisf
prevent w ater passing from t
leaf. Partial filling of cavity w a
resistance to w ind-driven rain
w idth of the rem aining air spa
W hen fully filling the cavity w
m anufacturers of the insulan
obtain the lim iting exposure c
particular insulation type. The
w ill be reduced by using a ca
than 50m m .
Table 20: Assessment of resistance to rain penetration of single leaf walls with or without rendering
Exposure Rendered Rendered Unrenderedcategory dense concrete lightweight dense
blocks concrete blocks concrete blocks
Very severe Not recom m ended. Cladding should be used.
Severe 250m m 215m m not recom m ended -
M oderate 215m m 190m m 440m m
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York
Ripon
Darlington
Inverness
Dornoch
Lerwick
Aberdeen
DundeePerth
Stirling
Edinburgh
Dunbar
Glasgow
Ayr
Newcastle
Alston
Workington
Carlisle
Hebden Bridge
Skelmersdale
Colwyn Bay ManchesterSheffield
DoncasterGrimsby
Hull
WhitbyMiddlesbrough
Londonderry
Dungannon
EnniskillenBelfast
Exposure zones Approx wind-driv
(litres/m2 per spe
1 S heltered less than 3 3
2 M oderate 33 to less than 56.5
3 S evere 56.5 to less than 10
4 Very severe 1 00 or m o re
This m ap is an extract from Therm al Insulat
avoiding risksand is reproduced w ith kind
perm ission of the B R E.
Figure 26 Exposure to wind-driven rain
Performance
Durability
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y
Introduction
H ansons aggregate blocks are inherently durable and
if used in accordance w ith the appropriate
B ritish/European Standards, w ill last the lifetim e of the
construction into w hich they have been built.
They possess good frost resistance and in general,
provided they are selected follow ing the
recom m endations of B S 5628: Part 3, clause 5.6 and
Table 12, problem s should not occur.
Strength and durability
D urability is governed by the characteristics of the units.
The strength of concrete bricks w ould determ ine the
suitability of the units (16.5 or 22.5 N /m m 2, depending
on the application and exposure condition). In the case
of aggregate blocks to be used near or below ground
level, the unit should m eet one of the follow ing criteria.
a)B lock density of at least 1500kg/m 3, or
b)M ade w ith dense aggregate to B S EN 12620, or
c)H aving a com pressive strength of at least 7.3N /m m 3
All dense blocks, together w ith 7.3N /m m 2 lightw eight
blocks, w ould be suitable for the above condition. In the
case of contact w ith foul drainage, Engineering Q uality
C oncrete B ricks (EQ C B ) of 48N /m m 2 should be used.
Sulphate resistance
W here the m asonry rem ains
present, the selection of the
consideration. H ow ever, aggr
used successfully below grou
w ith a proportion used on sit
present and yet no failures h
W hilst blocks m eeting the ge
use below d.p.c. have been a
use in sulphate soil classifica
C oncrete B lock Association,
7.3N /m m 2 aggregate blocks
w ithstand conditions equivale
classification D S-3.
C arbonation is a m ajor factor
durability and results from the
perm eability of the aggregate
surface to dry betw een the mbackfilling operations.
7.3N /m m 2 Evalast blocks m a
O PC -PFA, or SR PC binder w
and including sulphate soil cl
determ ined by the m ethod gi
D igest 1. W here O PC is the s
should not take place for 28
H ans