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Agenda – Tuesday, February 4th
• Biology reading quiz (#4)• Notes over parts of the brain– The cerebrum– The cerebral cortex
• Homework: NONE
Practice FRQ
• 4. Assume you are watching a remake of the movie Frankenstein. In the scene you're viewing, the assistant (Igor) is showing Dr. Frankenstein some body parts that he forgot to put in their newly made Sensational Man. Dr. Frankenstein angrily yells at Igor, "You idiot! What will our Sensational Man do without his_______": a.) conesb.) feature detectorsc.) optic nerved.) cochleae.) olfactory bulbf.) kinesthetic receptors
The Cerebrum• Outermost structure of the brain• Divided into two hemispheres• Each hemisphere has four lobes• Makes up 85% of the brain’s weight
The Cerebrum -- Lobes
• Frontal ____________________________• Parietal ____________________________• Temporal ___________________________• Occipital ____________________________
Cerebral Cortex
• The gray-matter covering of the cerebrum• Carries on thinking and perceiving
Cerebral Cortex• Gray matter: No special covering– Controls processing, new thoughts, perception,
etc.• White matter: Covered in myelin sheath,
which speeds up electric signals– Communicates with the rest of the brain
Motor Cortex
• Controls body movements• Motor cortex in each hemisphere controls the
opposite side of the body
Hemispheres
• Left Hemisphere:– Literal interpretation of
speech and language– Logical reasoning– Motor control for right
side– Processes right side
visual field– Objective analysis– Math skills
Hemispheres• Right Hemisphere:– Looks “between the lines”– Intuition– “Reading” emotions– Visual & spatial reasoning– Motor control for left side– Processes left side of
visual field– Subjective analysis– creativity
Agenda – Thursday, February 6th
• Finish cerebrum notes– Corpus Calossum– Neuroplasticity
• Parts of the brain overview• Driving analogy• Homework: Brain overview analogy due
MONDAY
Hemispheres
• Connected by the corpus callosum
Neuroplasticity
• Brain’s ability to change and reorganize itself in response to damage (brain “rewires” itself)
• Neurogenesis: Brain’s recreation of neurons
• http://abcnews.go.com/US/gabby_giffords/fullpage/gabby-giffords-journey-recovery-14914428
Hindbrain
• Contains most of the brainstem• Oldest part of the brain “Reptilian Brain”• Processes work outside of consciousness
“Just a shell…driven by mindless instinct”
Parts of the Hindbrain
• Medulla: _________________________• Pons: ____________________________• Cerebellum: _______________________
Midbrain
• Located right above hindbrain
• Coordinates simple movements with sensory information
Parts of the Midbrain
• Reticular Formation: ____________________
Forebrain
• Responsible for most complex behaviors & mental processes
• MOST processes here work outside of consciousness
Parts of the Forebrain
• Thalamus: ___________________________
• Hypothalamus: _____________________• Hippocampus: ______________________• Amygdala: _________________________
• Cerebral Cortex: _______________________
Lim
bic
Syst
em
Hindbrain• Contains most of the Brainstem• Oldest Part of the Brain “Reptilian Brain”• Processes work outside of consciousness
Parts of the Brainstem:Medulla: Controls Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, & BreathingPons: Critical to sleep . Also the “Bridge” to the brain.
Behind the BrainstemCerebellum: “Little Brain” that coordinates habitual muscle movements (Tracking Object w/ eyes, Playing instrument, Ice Skating) Also Handles Balance & Coordination
Prepare body for possible danger!
Forebrain
Responsible for more complex behaviors & mental processes
Thalamus: relay center for sensory information except smell
Limbic System (Deals w/ Emotion & Memory)Hypothalamus: Controls body temp., sexual arousal, hunger, thirst, & Endocrine System. Also controls Biological Rhythms & is a reward center.Amygdala: Provides emotional context for sensory information. (Linked to aggression & fear)Hippocampus: Encodes information into long-term memory.
Midbrain
• Located right above Hindbrain• Coordinates simple movements w/ sensory information
Top of the BrainstemReticular Formation: Controls level of awareness. (Without it, we fall into a coma)
• Walking Dead (S.1, E.6) – 19:00 – 23:30