I. Early National PeriodII. Two Party SystemIII. Election of 1800IV. Early Supreme Court CasesV. Louisiana PurchaseVI. War of 1812

Agenda – The Early National Period, Part One

The United States underwent many changes between 1800 and 1845

Territory expanded from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, and from Canada to Mexico

 The Power of the Federal government was

defined during this period

The Early National Period1800-1845

The divisions between Northern and Southern states widened, and eventually led to war

 After 2 terms (8 years), George Washington

decided not to run for president again In 1796, the Federalist candidate, John Adams,

won the presidency After 4 years in office, Adams became unpopular

The Early National Period

Popularity is over-

rated!

Controversy over the Federalists’ support for the Bank of the United StatesAnti-Federalists afraid gave more power to the

Central governmentThe Jay Treaty

Tied United States to BritainDemocratic-Republicans liked supporting

FranceUndeclared war on France led to the

beginning of an opposition party

Two party system starts

After 4 years, John Adams was up for re-election

The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, chose John Adams to run again They wanted a strong central government Advancement of industryBusinesses and Bankers of NortheastPositive relationship with the British

The Election of 1800 Oh yeah, I know

why you want to be my

friend, I am one

hot tamale grrr

The Democratic-Republicans chose Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr to runThey wanted a weak governmentStrict interpretation of the Constitution Economy to be based on agriculture

Farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the South

  The ‘White’ House

Thomas Jefferson narrowly won the election of 1800

 The election of 1800 was the first peaceful

transfer of power from one political party to another

Three Court cases established the Supreme Court’s authority

Marbury vs. Madison- 1803Judicial Review- Supreme Court can

rule laws unconstitutional

Establishing the Supreme Court’s Authority

We find the Dred Scott

decision unconstitutiona

l because according to

the Constitution ALL men are

created equal!

McCulloch vs. Maryland- 1819States cannot tax the federal bank“The power to tax is the power to

destroy”

Gibbons vs. Ogden- 1824Conducting interstate commerce is a power exercised exclusively by Congress

Interstate means that it goes through more than one state! Like 95 the bane of our

existence.

In 1803, Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana territory from France doubling the size of the U.S.

 Lewis and Clark were sent by Jefferson to explore

Louisiana Territory – a lot west of the Mississippi River Sacajawea, a native American woman, served as their

guide and translator Many Americans began moving west Manifest Destiny- belief that the United States should

encompass the land between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, resulted in violent conflicts with Native Americans

The Louisiana Purchase

France

Great BritainAmerican merchant

You boys can keep on

killing each other. If either of y’all need anything, just

give us Yankees a

holler!

I hate you, French dude!

Je vous hais plus!

France

Great BritainCauses of the War of 1812• In 1803, Britain and

France went to war again.

• Both countries seized U.S. ships sailing towards the ports of their enemy.

Causes The British and French were at war.British blocked American ships from trading

with FranceImpressments- American sailors were forced

to serve in the British navy

The War of 1812

War

James Madison declared war on the British

Treaty of Ghent ended the war; prewar boundaries between the British and U.S. were restored

Federalists opposed the treaty, talked of secession and proposed constitutional amendments, which were not acted upon

• In 1814, the British set Washington, D.C. on fire, including the White House.

Washington, D.C is Attacked

The city was completely unprepared for the invaders, but one woman took immediate action. Even as people were fleeing the city in droves, First Lady Dolley Madison refused to leave without some of the nation's most important treasures-including the famous Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington.

• The British attacked Fort McHenry at Baltimore.

• Francis Scott Key watched the battle from a British ship, where he was trying to convince the British to release an American prisoner.

The Star-Spangled Banner

• When the smoke cleared, “our flag was still there”.

• In response, Key wrote the poem “Defence of Fort M'Henry”, which later was put to music and renamed “The Star-Spangled Banner”.

http://americanhistory.si.edu/about/ssb.cfm

Treaty of Ghent

• While it ended the war, the treaty did not resolve any of the problems between Britain and the U.S.

Battle of New Orleans• Led by Gen. Andrew Jackson, the U.S. defeated the British two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed.• Casualties: Britain – 2,030; U.S. – 7