AGEH 27: Evergreen OrnamentalsFall 2013, Oct. 31 field tripShasta College Arboretum

&Campus

Calocedrus decurrens, incense-cedarlong scale-like leaves, duck-bill cones

Calocedrus decurrens, incense-cedarflat, erect branchesreddish fibrous bark

Calocedrus decurrens, incense-cedar

Cotoneaster lacteus milkflower cotoneasterrose family, Rosaceae

•graceful arching habit, medium to large shrub•best as informal hedge; can be pruned up into small tree with weeping habit

• ID: leaf is spoon-shaped, smooth and shiny above, white and felty beneath

Cotoneaster lacteus, milkflower cotoneaster

• ID: white flowers, red berries, no thorns

• ID: leaf is obovate, entire, smooth and shiny above, white and felty beneath

Cotoneaster lacteus milkflower cotoneaster

•seeds around campus so may become a pest

•Naturalized as invasive plant of California coat

Cotoneaster lacteus milkflower cotoneaster

Juniperus sabina ‘Tamariscifolia’, tam juniper

cypress family, Cupressaceae

Scale leaves & awl leaves both

Branchlets erect

•V-shape branching; (like muskox horns)

•Often have odor of cat urine

Juniperus sabina ‘Tamariscifolia’, tam juniper

cypress family, Cupressaceae

Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon-grape barberry family, Berberidaceae

Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon-grape barberry family, Berberidaceae

• Native to California & Pacific NW as forest understory plant

• resists oak root fungus, best with partial shade in hottest climates, little water needed

Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon-grape barberry family, Berberidaceae

• leaves pinnately compound, with 5-9 spiny-margined leaflets, bronzy in winter

• yellow flowers in early spring followed by blue grape-like fruits, edible and attractive to birds;

Sequoia sempervirensCoast Redwood

Coast Redwoodlinear leaves, small woody

cones

Sequoia sempervirens, coast redwoodLinear or awl-like leaves, small woody cones

Baccaris pilularisCoyote Bush

Baccaris pilularisCoyote Bush

• Native to Northern California

• Adapts well to a wide variety of climates

• Needs monthly water inland

• Low maintenance cover

• Shear in early spring before new growth starts

Buxus sempervirensEnglish Boxwood

Buxus sempervirensEnglish Boxwood

• Native to Europe, Africa and Asia

• Can be clipped into a classic hedge

• Easy to grow• Dies out in alkaline

soils

Ceanothus species & cultivars, CA wild lilacbuckthorn family, Rhamnaceae

Ceanothus ‘Concha’

Ceanothus ‘Frosty Blue’

Ceanothus species & cultivars, CA wild lilacbuckthorn family, Rhamnaceae

Ceanothus ‘Ray Hartman’

• Important group of native California shrubs; most are small-leaved evergreens with fragrant blue flowers

• Drought-tolerant; need good drainage--and do not overwater

The myth of Ceanothus being short lived is primarily spread by incompetent gardeners that insist on drip irrigation, summer water and soil amendments. California native plants hate all three.—Las Pilitas Nursery webpage http://www.laspilitas.com/groups/ceanothus/california_ceanothus.html

Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca Pendula’, Weeping blue Atlas cedar, Pine family

True cedars—the genus Cedrusdeciduous, upright cones, needles

clusters on short side shoots

Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca Pendula’, Weeping blue Atlas cedar, Pine family

• The true cedars, have needles in tufted clusters(clustered on a short side branch); cones fall apart leaving a spiky core

• Native to North Africa• Deep rooted and drought tolerant;

branches break in heavy snows• ID: needles under 1 in long, bluish green,

many varieties• ‘Glauca Pendula’ a blue, weeping form

Cones of true cedars (Cedrus)

Female (young, green, on the left)

Male (brown, papery, on the right)

Mature cones of true cedar• All the cone

scales fall off, carrying the seeds away, leaving only the central axis (spike)

Choisya ternata, Mexican orange, mock orange,

Rutaceae (citrus family)

Choisya ternata, Mexican orange, mock orange,

Rutaceae (citrus family)•evergreen shrub, •needs afternoon shade, moderate water, hardy to 15 degrees F, •likes acid soil, •cut freely when in bloom to force new growth •Leaf palmately compound

Cinnamomon camphoraCamphor Tree

Cinnamomon camphoraCamphor Tree

• Native to Asia• Aromatic leaves smell

like camphor when crushed

• Though evergreen drops leaves in spring, flowers, fruits and twigs later.

• Plant where litter is not a problem

Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese cryptomeria

cypress family (Cupressaceae)

Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese cryptomeria

cypress family (Cupressaceae)

• Resists oak root fungus

• National tree of Japan

Eucalyptus cinereasilver dollar tree, Argyle apple

myrtle family, Myrtaceae

cut back to get round juvenile leaves

Eucalyptus cinereasilver dollar tree, Argyle apple

myrtle family, Myrtaceae

Frangula californicaCoffeeberry

Frangula californicaCoffeeberry

• Native to California, Oregon and Arizona

• Attracts bees• Tolerant of pruning

and shaping• Not fussy about soil• Full sun or partial

shade• Once established

does not need irrigation

Gardenia augusta, gardeniacoffee family, Rubiaceae

•Very fragrant flowers, shiny green leaves

•Gardenias in general need afternoon shade in Redding (north or east exposure),

• hardy to 20 degrees, but need warm night temps to set flowers (60 degrees F).

•Hard to grow in adobe or alkaline soils

•Treat chlorosis with Epsom salts

Laurus nobilis, sweet bay laurel family, Lauraceae

Mediterranean native

broad-based evergreen arborescent shrub

likes good drainage

good in large pots

culinary herb—’bay leaf’

Laurus nobilis, sweet bay laurel family, Lauraceae

Meaning To be satisfied with one's past success and to consider further effort unnecessary. Origin The laurels that are being referred to are the aromatically scented Laurus nobilis trees or, more specifically, their leaves.

To rest on one's laurels

A 'laureate' was originally a person crowned with a laurel wreath. We continue to call those who are especially honored ‘laureates’ as in ‘Nobel Laureate’ and ‘Poet Laureate’.

Olea europea, oliveolive family, Oleaceae

•Classic Mediterranean look•If you aren’t going to harvest the fruits, plant a fruitless variety

Olea europea, oliveolive family, Oleaceae

•Opposite, entire, lanceolate leaves, paler underneath

•Small fragrant 4-lobed flowers

•Fruit is a drupe; edible after curing

•Trees will live a very long time

Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, pine family

• Large tree, 3-needled, prickly cone, jigsaw puzzle bark

• “Prickly ponderosa and gentle Jeffrey”

• Best native pine for valley and foothill gardens (tolerates water)

Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, pine family

Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, pine family

Jigsaw puzzle bark

Pinus sylvestrisScot’s or Scotch pine

pine family, Pinaceae

Pinus sylvestrisScot’s or Scotch pinepine family, Pinaceae

2 needles, cone points back toward trunk; tough, even without water; picturesque, with red coloring along underside of trunk; used as Christmas tree

Pinus thunbergii, Japanese black pine, Pine family, Pinaceae

Pinus thunbergii, Japanese black pine, Pine family, Pinaceae

• 2-needled pine, irregular overall shape, needs water here

• Often used in Japanese gardens (many special forms), can be sheared, trained, used for bonsai

Pinus thunbergii, Japanese black pine

• ID: middle-sized cone unarmed (no prickle on umbo), with “pressed glass” diamond pattern on tips of cone scales

• 2 needles per bundle

Training Japanese

black pine: candles

To train:

Control size by cutting “candles” in spring

Use weights or heavy wire to shape branch structurehttp://botanysaurus.com/jg/pinecare.html

http://www.evergreengardenworks.com/pines.htm

Prunus laurocerasus, cherry laurel, rose family, Rosaceae

• native to S. Europe• alternate, leathery, glossy green leaves

• needs shade here, little water once established,

• make selective cuts to prune

• Vigorous--a pest in Pacific NW

Prunus laurocerasus, cherry laurel, rose family, Rosaceae

Raphiolepis indica, India hawthorn rose family , Rosaceae

Raphiolepis indica, India hawthorngenus sometimes spelled “Rhaphiolepis”

• ID: no thorns• Leaves finely serrate,

ovate• Flowers & fruits in flat-

topped or rounded clusters; flowers white to pink

• Fruit a BLUE-PURPLE pome

Raphiolepis indica, India hawthorn rose family , Rosaceae

Usually grown as low hedge or specimen shrub but sometimes bigger

Umbellularia californicaCalifornia Bay

Distribution of Umbellularia californica

Umbellularia californicaCalifornia Bay

• Leaves can be substituted for Sweet Bay

• Grows best and fastest in deep soils with regular water

• Often afflicted with sooty mold resulting from scale or aphid infestation

• Main host of Phytophthora ramorum, the fungus that causes Sudden Oak Death

• In infected area, growing CA Bay within 35 feet of oaks will likely result in their infection and death

• Do not transport wood from infected area to other areas of the state