Marc LabicheNuclear Physics groupDaresbury Laboratory

AGATA SimulationOverview

The simulation process

Packages required:• GEANT4 AGATA code (E. Farnea)

• A tracking code: – 2 availables:

• mgt code (D. Bazzacco)• oft code (A. Lopez-Martens)

– An analysis package: xtrackn, ROOT based programs (GammaWare)

• GammaWare (O. Stezowki)– Convert files.ags from the Radware/ENSDF level scheme directory tosimulation input file

• Production cross section codes– Ex: Fusion evaporation (CASCADE, COMPA )

AGATA code• Available at:

– http://agata.pd.infn.it/documents/simulations/agataCode.html

– Includes a very useful Users’ manual with basic tutorials

• Code based on GEANT4– Hint: easy GEANT4 installation on Windows (2000,

XP, Vista)• VMware player (Virtual Machine) on Desktop or Laptop. • visit: http://geant4.in2p3.fr

VMware• Offers:

– Operating system : Scientific Linux 4.5 – Geant4 version 9.2 with all sets of data files and compiled physics lists,

including CLHEP and Mesa. – Visualisation tools : OpenGL, HepRApp, DAWN, VRMLView Pro– Analysis tools : ROOT, OpenScientist (in order to create hbook/PAW, ROOT

and AIDA histogram files in Geant4 applications, more information here, and also for visualization), gnuplot, Grace

– Integrated development environment : Source-Navigator IDE– Debugger : ddd, Insight– Other utilities : CERNLIB 2005, Boost, Doxygen, Firefox, Gimp, Lyx, Motif,

Python, OpenOffice, Thunderbird, Valgrind, Xemacs, ...

• Also:– 1 common directory between Windows and Linux VM– Requires 15Go free space on your hard drive– Exists also on Mac but as shareware software (not free software).

AGATA codeExisting geometries: (found in the directory Agata/macros/ )

Commands:$G4BIN/agataidle>/control/execute macros/geom180.macidle>/control/execute macros/visVRML.mac

Symmetrical triple cluster(geomSymm.mac)

Demonstrator (geom180-demo.mac)

1pi(geom180-1P.mac)

2pi(geom180-2P.mac)

3pi(geom180-3P.mac)

4pi (geom180.mac)

Segmentations

• 6 transversal slices• 6 radial sectors

Ancillary detectors• Existing ancillaries:

– Command:• $G4BIN/agata -a Nanc ID1 .. IDNanc

– PRISMA not included. Another dedicated code is used instead. The latter accepts the same input file than the AGATA geant4 code. A “merge code” combines the two output files and reconstructs the full event

• Procedure to add new ancillary detectors is described in the user’s manual(Marcin Palacz: palazc@slcj.uw.edu.pl)

Ancillary examples:

Demo. + RFD

$G4BIN/agata -a 1 11Idle>/Agata/detector/enableAncillaryIdle>/control/execute macros/geom180-Demo.macIdle>/control/execute macros/visVRML.mac

Demo. + EUCLIDES + Nwall

$G4BIN/agata -a 2 4 7Idle>/Agata/detector/enableAncillaryIdle>/control/execute macros/geom180-Demo.macIdle>/control/execute macros/visVRML.mac

Demo. + EUCLIDES + Nwall

$G4BIN/agata -a 2 4 7Idle>/Agata/detector/enableAncillaryIdle>/Agata/detector/rotateArray 180. 0.Idle>/control/execute macros/geom180-Demo.macIdle>/control/execute macros/visVRML.mac

Event generators• Built-in event generator (basic)

– Used to define and optimised the AGATA geometry– Source of particles at rest or not.– for each event a particle (or set of particles) is emitted

(ie: no cross sections)

• External event generator (realistic)– nuclear reactions are assumed (Beam, Target, E & p

conservation) – reaction cross sections (CASCADE)– realistic gamma cascade with branching ratio

(GammaWare/NNSDF)

Built-in (basic) event generator :• Commands:

– Example 1: Monochromatic source$G4BIN/agataIdle>/control/execute/ macros/geom180.macIdle>/Agata/generator/gamma/energy 1332.5Idle>/Agata/run/beamOn 10000

– Example 2: gamma + particle (n, p, d, a, e-, e+, generic ions ) source

$G4BIN/agata -nIdle>/control/execute/ macros/geom180.macIdle>/Agata/generator/gamma/energy 1332.5Idle>/Agata/generator/particlename/energy 1000Idle>/Agata/run/beamOn 10000

– Example 3: basic rotationnal band$G4BIN/agataIdle>/Agata/generator/recoil/beta 5 (v/c = 5%)Idle>/Agata/generator/gamma/band 80 90 30 (lowest E, Eγ, Mγ)Idle>/Agata/run/beamOn 100000

80

170

260

2690(keV)

90 kev

90 kev

Efficiency of a Standard Ge Shell vsPosition Resolution and γ Multiplicity

External (“realistic”) event generator

Example: Event00 file in Agata/events:

FORMAT 0 0 = Emitter info , Emitted info# (Level of external information: 0 to 4)#REACTION 6 12 16 32 88.0 = Zbeam, Abeam, Ztarget, ATarget, Ebeam# (Default= 1, 1, 6, 12, 0)# EMITTED 2 1 4 = Ntotal, Typei=0, …, Typei-N#$ = Beginning of event-101 12 26 44. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. = Emitter: z, A, E, xDir, yDir ,zDir, xS, yS ,zS1 3000. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. = 1st emitted: E, xDir, yDir ,zDir, xS, yS ,zS, [t, P]4 5000. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.5 1 = 2nd emitted: E, xDir, yDir ,zDir, xS, yS ,zS, [t, P]

Command:$G4BIN/agata -nIdle>/control/execute/ macros/geom180.macIdle>/agata/generator/emitter/eventFile /Path/to/Eventfile/EventfileName

index Type

1 gamma

2 neutron

3 proton

4 deuterium

5 Triton

6 3He

7 alpha

8 Generic ion

97 Electron

98 Positron

99 Geantino

External (“realistic”) event generator

• Fusion evaporation with EUCLIDES + AGATA

28Si(100Mev) + 28Si• Production cross section and

energy of evaporated particles calculated by CASCADE (statistical code)

• Discrete gamma transitions from Radware/ENSDF

Typical simulation output• ASCII file: GammaEvents.XXXX

– With XXXX= run number• Header part with general information on the input• Event part:

100 1-101 0.06022 0.00000 0.00000 1.00000-102 0.000 0.000 0.000-1 3000.000 0.00000 1.00000 0.00000 055 75.557 -16.144 273.343 1.699 25104 6.938 1.848 309.156 65.450 52101 11.067 11.489 312.137 82.980 52101 3.240 11.490 312.137 82.982 52101 88.191 11.484 312.138 82.984 52101 1.223 11.472 312.108 82.998 52101 8.386 11.472 312.108 82.998 5255 168.370 -19.890 287.472 -6.734 3555 4.372 -19.890 287.472 -6.734 35

Energy loss

Event#

Detector ID

Beginning of an event

Segment number1st digit = slice 2nd digit = sector

Command to save on fileIdle>/Agata/file/enableLM

Emitter beta & DirectionEmitter positionEmitted particle, energy,

Direction & event#

Laboratory position in which the interaction occurs

Tracking codesTo disentangle the interaction points identified in all crystals and reconstruct thetrajectory of the incident photons

• MGT code (D. Bazzacco)– C program: mgt.c– Produces ~140 1D spectra all in one file: spec.dat

• Note: Energy-channel# matching lost during tracking process ⇒ spectra need “calibrations”

– Spec.dat read via xtrackn(GASPware), MGTana.C (ROOT), GammaWare

• OFT = Orsay Forward Tracking code (Araceli Lopez-Martens)– C program– 2 versions:

• 1 for built-in event generator: forward_n.c• 1 for reallistic event generator: forward_external.c

– Produces one unique 1D spectrum in ASCII file called spectrum– Read via OFTana.C (ROOT), GammaWare

hints to compile OFT: use a bash shell and the commands: ulimit –s 65563gcc forward_n.c –lm –o forward

Packing

Consists of grouping close interaction pointswithin a same segment and take the energy-weighted barycentre

• Can be done in the simulation:/Agata/file/packingDistance 1.

• Can be done in both tracking codes.

Smearing

• Not done in the AGATA GEANT4 code but in the tracking codes:– in mgt:

• emitter position and momentum • interaction position (energy-dependant ?)

– in oft:• emitter (?)• energy loss for each interaction• interaction position (energy-dependant)

simulation + trackingResponse of AGATA for a rotational cascade of 30 photons emitted from a moving source (β=50%) along z axis, after Doppler correction from the detectors position (top), the segments position (middle) and from the mgt 1st interaction point (bottom)

GammaWare• Based on ROOT• Allows to :

– to read Radware and ENSDF level Schemes – to simulate real gamma-ray cascades – to store them in files that can be read with AGATA GEANT

simulations – to simulate AGATA like gamma-ray cascades by applying an

experimental filter – to generate gamma-ray cascades together with charges particles

(thank's to Francesco) – to convert spectrum from different format (gpsi, midas, radware,

root) – ...

GammaWareToGeant.mac (in gammaware/macros) produces sequences of g-ray energies from a radware file (.ags) and format them in an input file (.event) for GEANT4 AGATA code. Commands: root [0] .L ToGeant.C

root [1] toGEANT1(“file.ags”, Ncascades, “file.event”)

A root file (toGEANT101.root) is automatically generated to store the simulated cascades

UK contribution

WP3: Experiment simulations and verification of tracking ( R. Wadsworth)

• Task1: Implementation of experimental facilities into GEANT4– Implement full experimental setups in the GEANT4 AGATA simulation package

• Task2: Simulation of key experiments and reaction mechanism– Simple source test runs– Fusion evaporation reactions (light target & inverse kinematics)– Coulomb excitation reactions (medium mass beam in inverse kinematics)– High multiplicity reactions– Multinucleon transfer reactions (PRISMA)– Relativistic many-particle fragmentation (GSI)

• Task3: Verification of tracking algorithms– test with first in-beam test experiment

Status & near future plans• A UK AGATA WG is being formed (mailing list, regular meetings)

• Obtain, install and learn how to use the AGATA simulation– Get the packages running

• GEANT4 AGATA code ( )• tracking codes ( )• GammaWare ( )• Cross section codes (to get)

– Reproduce the simulation results previously report (on going)

• Simulate source runs and compare with data– 137Cs or 60Co

• Simulate first in-beam test and compare with data– 80Se + 9Be @230 MeV to produce 86Sr – or 82Se + 12C @250 MeV to produce 91Zr

Other possible contributions

• Use CAD + GEANT4 ?– CAD Step files → FASTRAD → gdml files →

GEANT4

• Implement PRISMA in Geant4 – or use the existing PRISMA code

Summary• AGATA simulations require several packages

– Need to learn and understand • Good progress made in installing and learning

most of those packages.– Capable to reproduce simple simulations with the

built-in event generator.– Capable to simulate realistic γ-cascades using

GammaWare• For more realistic simulations:

– Need to get/learn reaction cross section codes– Need to get /learn the PRISMA code

Thank you !