AGA5802Astro,sicaObservacional

1.Introduc,on.Synergybetweentheoryandobserva,on.TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy.Observa,onalsystem:telescopesandinstrumenta,onBibliography:AstronomyMethods,Decadalsurveys(USA,Australia,Europe),manyreferencesforhistoricalintro.

Prof.JorgeMeléndez1

Ques,onstodiscussinclass•  Whybiggertelescopes?

•  Justtelescopes?Whatelsedoweneed?

2

•  Howshouldweplanscienceinacountry?

•  Whatarethebigques,onsinAstronomy?

ESOExtremelyLargeTelescope

TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy•  Scienceisthemaindriverfornewmajorfacili<esinastronomy

3

ComparisonoftheELT(ESO)totheVLTtelescopes(ESO)andtheGizapyramids

Bibliography•  2020vision.AnOverviewofNewWorlds,NewHorizonsinAstronomyandAstrophysics,U.S.A.

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Bibliography•  NewHorizons.ADecadalPlanforAustralianAstronomy2006-2015

5

Bibliography

6h[ps://www.science.org.au/node/389

Bibliography•  AScienceVisionforEuropeanAstronomy

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Bibliography•  Na,onalPlanforAstronomyinBrazil

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TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:USA+EUWhatAreOtherPlanetarySystemsLike?

AnExoplanetFamilysurroundingthestarHR8799.Lightfromthecentralstarhasbeenblockedmechanicallyandfurtherreducedelectronicallyfromtheimage.Thefourexoplanetsarecircledinred.Keckdata.Maroisetal.2010,Nature,468,1080

Neptune:30AU

Mercury 0.4 AU

Venus 0.7 Earth

1.0 Mars 1.52

Jupiter 5.2

Saturn 9.5

Uranus 19

Neptune 30

? Planets around HD 10180

Lovis et al. 2010

TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:USA+EUWhatAreOtherPlanetarySystemsLike?

PlanetsaroundtheSun

LargeProgramme:88nightsatLaSilla3.6mtelescope+HARPSspectrograph

PlanetsaroundsolartwinsPI:JorgeMeléndez(IAG/USP)

Collaborators:T.Monroe(IAG/USP)

Australia:AlanAlvesBrito,M.Asplund,L.Casagrande

USA:I.Ramírez,J.BeanGermany:P.Baumann,S.Dreizler,K.Lind

2011-2016© Ana M. Molina at La Silla

�Brazilian�planets!

PlanetarySystemHIP11915

SolarSystem JupiterMercury

Venu

s

Earth

Mars

First“Brazilian”planet

HIP11915b

h[ps://astropontos.org/2017/09/06/o-primeiro-exoplaneta-brasileiro/

100%

TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:USA+AU+EU

TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:AustraliaHowareelementsproducedbystarsandrecycledthroughgalaxies?Galac<cArchaeology

TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:USA+AU

TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:AU+USA+EU

Howaregalaxiesassembledandhowdotheyevolve?

TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:USA+AU

NobelPrizeinPhysics2011BrianP.Schmidt,Australia

20h[p://blogs.estadao.com.br/herton-escobar/receita-para-o-brasil-ganhar-seu-primeiro-nobel-paciencia-e-planejamento-estrategico/

Nocasoespecíficodaastronomia,osenhorachaqueoBrasilprecisavirarsóciodoESOparasercompe<<vo?Absolutamente.Paraterimpactonaastronomia,assimcomoemoutrasáreasdaciência,éprecisoterbonspesquisadores.Eessespesquisadoresprecisamteracessoàmelhorinfraestruturadepesquisapossível.

NaAustrália,ondejásefazastronomiadesdeadécadade1940,nossaprioridadenúmerouméentrarparaoESO,justamenteporisso.Porqueparasercompe,,vonaastronomiavocêprecisateracessoaumagrandevariedadedeinstrumentos,paraumagrandevariedadedeaplicações.

RecipeforBrazil’sfirstNobel:Pa,ence&strategicplanning

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CaltechNobelPrizes•  31recipients,32Nobelprizes•  Verysmallins,tu,on<<<USP•  294professorialfaculty,978undergrad,1253grad

•  1inevery10000peoplegetsaNobelprizeatCaltech(needstobechecked)

•  ASTRONOMY:26faculty+5emeritus•  OperatesthePalomarobservatory(5mtelescope,thelargestintheworldforseveraldecades)

•  Keckobservatory,largesttelescopes(2x10m)•  Accesstofewmonths/yearat2x10mtelescopes

USP:ZERONobelprizesBrazil:ZERONobelprizes

•  Hugeins,tu,on•  5732faculty,56998undergrad,25591graduate•  <<<1/106peoplegetsaNobelprizeatUSP•  LargestastronomydepartmentinBrazil•  ASTRONOMY:33faculty+2reNredwithcontract•  OperatestheValinhosobservatory(~30cm)•  Accesstoafewnights/yearwithGemini(8m)–incompe,,onwithallBraziliancommunity

AnothergoodexampleofCaltech,theCaltechhonorcode:

"NomemberoftheCaltechcommunityshalltakeunfairadvantageofanyothermemberoftheCaltechcommunity.”

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Observa<onalAstrophysicshonorcode:

Behonest

h[p://www.caltech.edu/news/caltech-kicks-14-billion-fundraising-campaign-630

252002-2008

h[p://www.caltech.edu/news/caltech-kicks-14-billion-fundraising-campaign-630

262002-2008

27h[ps://fundraisingenlauniversidad.wordpress.com/2015/04/01/mejores-prac,cas-de-fundraising-en-universidades-extranjeras/

Observa,onalsystem

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Lightcollector(e.g.,lens,mirror)

Detector(e.g.,eye,CCD)

Op<calsystem/instrumenta<on