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1/29/2020
1
CROP ROTATION
Al Hampton – Starland County
Jeremy Boychyn – Alberta Wheat & Barley
Keith Gabert – Canola Council
Nevin Rosaasen – Alberta Pulse
Sources of Information
• Fellow Producers
• Crop commissions
• Alberta Agriculture Staff & Website
• Yield Alberta Publication, AFSC data
• https://afsc.ca/wp-nfs/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Yield-Alberta-2019.pdf
• Crop Choice$
• https://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/softdown.nsf/main?openform&type=CropChoice$&page=information
1/29/2020
2
Why Rotate Crops?• Risk Management
• Improved yield potential
• reduced production risk
• Disease & Insect avoidance
• Varies the timing of field operations
• Access to other herbicide modes of action
• be aware of potential soil residual and
sprayer clean-out concerns
• Nutrient uptake & removal differences,
N Fixation options
• Improved soil health
Cover Crops ?
Barley?
Feed or Malt?
Hemp?
Quinoa?
HEAR?Lupins?
Perenial Forage?
Contracted?
Camelina
Faba beans?
Peas?
?Soybeans?
Alfalfa?
Mustard?
Alfalfa?
Borage?
Coriander?
Marketing?Corn?
Feed or Malt Barley?
Soy?
Flax?
Oats?
Canaryseed?
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3
CLIMATE
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4
CANOLARisk Area 7 (Red Deer)
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
50 bu
Risk Area 8 (Stettler)
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
45 bu
ALBERTA
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
42 bu
CANOLA
Gross Revenue
50 bu X $ 10 = $ 500
Estimated Variable Cost
$ 308.43
Crop contribution to Land
Ownership/Rent/Fixed
Costs/Profit
500.00
- 298.30
$191.57
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5
WHEATHRS Wheat
Risk Area 7 (Red Deer)
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
71 bu
HRS Wheat
Risk Area 8 (Stettler)
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
60 bu
HRS Wheat
ALBERTA
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
53 bu
WHEAT
Gross Revenue
65 bu X $ 6.45 = $ 419.25
Estimated Variable Cost
$ 257.50
Crop contribution to Land
Ownership/Rent/Fixed
Costs/Profit
419.25
- 257.50
$161.75
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6
CANOLA
WHEAT
BARLEY
W WHEAT
PEAS
LENTILS
FABA BEANS
SOYBEAN
FLAX
ALFALFA
OATS
Hemp?
Quinoa?
HEAR
Lupins?
Perrenial Forage?
Contracted?
Camelina?
Fababeans?
Peas?
?
Soybeans?
Hemp?
Alfalfa?
Coriander?
Corn?
Feed or Malt Barley?
BARLEYRisk Area 7 (Red Deer)
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
91 bu
Risk Area 8 (Stettler)
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
79 bu
ALBERTA
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
70 bu
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7
BARLEY
Gross Revenue
81 bu X $ 5.33 = $431.73
Estimated Variable Cost
$ 235.90
Crop contribution to Land
Ownership/Rent/Fixed
Costs/Profit
431.73
- 235.90
$195.83
BarleyMalt/Feed
Challenges
• High volume crop
• Lodging
• Acquiring malt
• Quality concerns
• Aiming for malt and obtaining feed
quality can impact profitability
• Green bridge for fusarium
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8
BarleyMalt/Feed
Opportunities
• Multiple market options
• Consistent performer
• Relatively inexpensive
• Malt – typical lower N
• Lower risk crop
• Increasing soil tilth and health
• After canola
• Growing market (Malt)
• Many new malting & feed varieties available
• Great break crop option between pulses and
oilseeds – broadleaf disease break
Winter Wheat
Gross Revenue
82.5 bu X $ 5.33 = $439.73
Estimated Variable Cost
$ 219.95
Crop contribution to Land
Ownership/Rent/Fixed
Costs/Profit
439.73
- 219.95
$219.77
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9
Winter Wheat
Challenges
• Winter-kill risk
• Cereal disease green bridge
• Resistant variety selection
• Timeliness and planning necessary
around harvest/seeding
• Market capture
• Field/stubble selection
Winter WheatOpportunities
• Spreading out of spring/fall workload
• Earlier harvest can capture higher feed
market prices
• Wet spring advantage
• Fall/spring moisture capture
• Yield advantage
• Nitrogen risk management
• Reduced need for wild oat herbicide
• Resistance management tactic
• Reduced soil loss in conventional tillage system
• Reduced fungicide use
• Reduced FHB risk
• Reduce insecticide use
• Ecosystem services
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10
PEASRisk Area 7 (Red Deer)
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
57 bu
Risk Area 8 (Stettler)
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
44 bu
ALBERTA
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
41 bu
PEAS
Gross Revenue
57 bu X $ 7.83 = $446.31
Estimated Variable Cost
$230.75
Crop contribution to Land
Ownership/Rent/Fixed
Costs/Profit
446.31
- 230.75
$215.56
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11
PeasChallenges
• ‘My combines don’t eat rocks good’
• Aphanomyces – Oospores – Wet years
• Ascochyta/mycosphaerella Blight -
Scorecard
• Pea Leaf Weevil – Eat the nodules $ Seed
Treatment
• Bleaching of green peas,
• Immature yellows
• Fall flat (some years) – Rolling essential
• Earth-tag and splits – harvest tips and
tricks
PeasOpportunities
• Early seeding: -4°C is safe for
emerged seedling
• Very high N fixation – 15%-45%
yield increase on HRS
• Available N for subsequent crop –
high protein in wheat
• Early seeding, early harvest (mid
to late Aug.)
• Can be very profitable –
No Nitrogen bill
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12
Peas
Opportunities
• Diversified markets – yellows
move easily
• Keep your own seed a few
generations
• Low cost option with attribution
economics
• Improved soil health – Arbuscular
Mycorhizal Fungi
LENTIL
ALBERTA
2018 Average Yield
947 lb
AREA 9
2018 Average Yield
1232 lb
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13
LENTIL
Gross Revenue
1232 lb X $0.25 x = $308
Crop contribution to Land
Ownership/Rent/Fixed
Costs/Profit
308
- 230
$ 78.00
Estimated Variable Cost
(PEAS) $ 230.00 est.
1232 lbs/ac from 2018
Risk Area 9 yield
LENTILS
Challenges
• Weed control – Lentils or Sow thistle?
• Reds (determinate) & Greens
(indeterminate)
• Aphanomyces – wet feet – field
selection nb.
• Grasshoppers – low economic
thresholds
• Ascochyta – Can be problematic
• White/Grey mould – August rains –
Green Bridge
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14
LENTILS
Challenges
• Volunteer spring wheat –
problematic
• Timing for desiccation – proper
staging
• Low to the ground – Flex headers
and rolling
LENTILSOpportunities
• Profitable pulse crop – 3M acres can’t
be wrong
• Early Harvest – relatively short season
• Low input costs – Seed cost - fertilizer
• Residual N – Durum and Malt Growers
• Very little residue - small seeded crops
(brassica)
• Pricing opport.- $0.13 – $0.45/lb
(>$25/bu)!
• Clearfield® group 2 tolerant – weed
control
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15
FABA BEANS
ALBERTA
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
40bu
Risk Area 7 (Red Deer)
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
41 bu
FABA BEANS
Gross Revenue
64 bu X $ 7.50 = $ 480
Crop contribution to Land
Ownership/Rent/Fixed
Costs/Profit
480
- 230
$250
Estimated Variable Cost
(PEAS) $ 230.00 est.
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16
FABA BEANSChallenges
• Large(ish) seed size – Low tannin smaller
• High seeding rate TKW (4-5bu/acre)
• Challenge for some seeding units
• Indeterminate – Difficult to stage for
desiccation
• Lygus bug - Quality concerns for export
• Pea Leaf weevil – Can reduce yield
• Chocolate Spot – increased prevalence
in wet years
• Aborted flowers – ‘Failure beans’
FABA BEANS
Opportunities
• Greatest Nitrogen Fixing Pulse crop
(>60lbs N)
• Early seeding: -6°C doesn’t kill
• Stand in snow – Combine in November
• C:N ratio is high – Nitrogen boost in
subsequent crop year (year two)
• Stalks disintegrate – Residue not a
problem
• Aphanomyces do not impact Faba beans
1/29/2020
17
SOYBEANSOpportunities
• Established
Markets
• Marketing can be
simple
• Nitrogen fixing
• Harvest dry in
November (16%)
• Stand in Snow
• Easy to combine
• No Aphanomyces
• 0000 Genetics?
• Not enough
heat units
• Cool Nights
(<10C)
• Yield limits
• Warm Wet
August needed
• ~$100-
$120/acre seed
with TUA &
treatment
Challenges
FLAX
Risk Area 8 (Stettler)
4 Yr Average Yield
(2015-2018)
31 bu
ALBERTA
4 Yr Average Yield
(2015-2018)
24 bu
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18
FLAX Gross Revenue
30 bu X $ 12 = $360
Estimated Variable Cost
$ 191.95
Crop contribution to
Land
Ownership/Rent/Fixed
Costs/Profit
360
- 192
$164.45
FLAXChallenges
• How do I handle the straw
• Dealing with Volunteer Flax
• Seeding issues with flax residue
• Cleavers control
• Harvest efficiency – harvests last
• Drying flax is very tricky
• Desiccants may not work very well
• Boll loss through wind damage
• Delivery challenges
1/29/2020
19
FLAXOpportunities
• Disease break
• Inputs are lower
• Can be seeded late with little yield
variance
• Crop is fairly hail and weatherproof
• There is getting to be a market for flax
straw
• Modern equipment handles flax well
FLAXOpportunities
• New varieties with improved yield
make it very competitive with
canola
• Specialty market potential i.e.
omega 3 egg production
1/29/2020
20
ALFALFA
Gross Revenue
3.6 T X $181 = $651.60
Estimated Variable Cost
$ 124.00
Crop contribution to Land
Ownership/Rent/Fixed
Costs/Profit
651.60
- 124.25
$ 527.60
Variable costs do not
accurately reflect non N
fertility use by crop each
year
ALFALFAChallenges
• Establishment challenges
• Establishment cost & initial revenue
• Depleted soil fertility possible
• Winterkill or standing water
• Dandelions
• Moles
• Marketing lower quality product
• Terminating the crop
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21
ALFALFAOpportunities
• Lower inputs after establishment year
• Resistant weed management
• Haying not combining
• Haylage
• Opportunity to market as standing hay
• Reduce hardpan
• Improved Soil Tilth
“Like what it does to soil”
OATSRisk Area 7 (Red Deer)
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
93 bu
Risk Area 8 (Stettler)
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
74 bu
ALBERTA
4 Year Average Yield
(2015-2018)
81 bu
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22
OATS
Gross Revenue
133 bu X $ 2.98 = $396.34
Estimated Variable Cost
$ 189.10
Crop contribution to Land
Ownership/Rent/Fixed
Costs/Profit
396.34
- 189.10
$207.24
OATSChallenges
• No Wild Oat Spray
• Field Selection a challenge
• Bulky high volume crop
• Often lots of straw
• Wind Shatter
• Marketing a challenge
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23
OATSOpportunities
• Reduced Input
• No Wild Oat Herbicide
• Reduced Fertility requirements
• Good disease breakcrop
• Likes cool, moist conditions
• Early maturity
• Improved soil tilth
“Don’t be a TWO Crop Pony”
• Know you have other options!
• Know your potential yield
• Be aware of the challenges and opportunities with each crop
• Know potential marketing risks
• Use your own numbers- access partial budget tools like CropChoice$
• MANAGE your crops through rotation before they manage you!
CANOLA $191.57*
WHEAT $161.75
BARLEY $195.83
W Wheat $219.77
PEAS $215.56
LENTIL $ 78.00
FABA $250.00
SOY
FLAX $164.45
ALFALFA $527.60
OATS $207.24
* All numbers are estimates and for discussion purposes only