African Nationalist Movements

SS7H1bExplain how nationalism led to independence in South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria.

What is a nationalist movement?

The progressive development of gaining a sense of identity with a nation

By Early 20th Century

Europe had colonized almost all of Africa

Liberia and Ethiopia are the only countries that were not colonized

Africans wanted to control their own governments and resources

Latter part of 20th century- African nations worked to free themselves

Kenya Mau Mau- secret society that existed

from 1952-1960 Believed force would free Kenya Thousands of people killed (only 100

Europeans) After long period of fighting, Britain

granted independence 1963- first democratic election- Jomo

Kenyatta elected first president

Nigeria Britain given control at the Berlin

Conference and made region 2 colonies Made up of many ethnic groups Groups did not want to be in the same

country The division led to different treatment by

the British British spent more money in the south than

in the north

Nigeria cont.

1940’s- Nigerians started many groups to fight British rule

These groups eventually became political parties

Late 1940’s and the 1950’s- British let Nigerians elect their own government

Given independence on Oct. 1, 1960 without having to fight

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=xwHMbdbWMtU Video 11:23

South Africa During colonization, Britain gains control of

South Africa. Two very different nationalist movements

emerge following the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. The white Afrikaner nationalist movement

which is represented by the National Party, formed in January 1914.

The black nationalist movement is led primarily by the African National Congress (ANC), formed in 1912.

South Africa cont. The Afrikaner nationalist movement grew in

popularity over the next 30 years, playing on Afrikaner (white) resentment of the British control of most of South Africa's economy and fear of the black majority.

In 1948 the National Party wins the all-white general election.

The basis of the campaign that won this election was to introduce a system of “apartheid” to totally separate the races.

South Africa cont.

Opposition to the “apartheid” system by the black majority is ruthlessly suppressed.

It receives increasing support from the white electorate.

The National Party (white) remained in power until 1994.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwrbCvJLA3A 3:41

Reflection

Pretend you were born in Nigeria, South Africa, or Kenya. Explain why you might want your country to be independent from European rule. What do you want to happen when your country is independent? What kind of rule would you like to live under?

The End