Africa Chapter 19and 20 By Makayla Dawson Period 1Pg. 448-467

Central Africa

Vocabulary Bantu migrations- migration of peoples and

cultures that spoke one of the Bantu languages around 2000 B.C. in what is now southeastern Nigeria that spread southward throughout Africa

King Leopold ll- king of Belgium that developed an interest in Congo for trading in Europe mainly in 1870 through 1884

Mobutu Sese Seko- leader from 1967 until 1997 that brought the country’s businesses under national control

Fang Sculpture- African art that inspired the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso in 1907

In the mid-1800s central Africa was made up of 100s of different cultures, religions, and ethnicities that ranged from small villages and towns to and old empires. This changed when Europeans, who had usually stayed on the coast, began to take interest in the interior of Africa (1870s) along with King Leopold ll of Belgium who wanted to open it to European trade along the Congo River. By 1884 Leopold had control of the area, called the Congo Free State, and was using the people to gather resources like rubber, palm oil, and ivory. This is the beginning of what is called Colonialism that has had lasting effects on Africa.

Southern Africa

Vocabulary Great Zimbabwe-A city established around 1000

Shona that was the capital of gold trading and was abandoned around 1450 for unknown reasons

Mutapa Empire- According to the legend a man name Mutota left Great Zimbabwe and settled in a fertile valley up in the north in around 1440 that now extends in present day Zimbabwe. This country thrived off of gold trade in the 1500s but began to lose power as Europeans began to interfere with their politics.

Apartheid- complete separation of races that banned the contact between whites and blacks

Nelson Mandela- One of the leaders of the

There has always been an ethnic clash between Europeans and native Africans. It reached its height in 1948 when the whites (who were the minority) and blacks were separated based on their races, or apartheid in South Africa. Like segregation in America colored people and whites had there own schools, hospitals, and neighborhoods. Although blacks were the majority and made up 75% of the population whites were given the best land.

Economic Development

Vocabulary One-Commodity Country- Countries that

depend on 1 or 2 resource for their earnings

Commodity- An agricultural or mining product that can be sold

Diversify- to create variety, in this case African countries need to have more than 1 or 2 resource and promote manufacturing to became economically stable.

Health Care

Vocabulary AIDS-A virus that affects the immune

system. Cholera-An infection that is cause by

inadequate sanitation and lack of clean water.

Malaria- An infections disease that is usually fatal that cause chills and fevers.

Tuberculosis-a respiratory infection. UNAIDS- The United Nations program that

studies the world’s AIDS epidemics.

Currently the African nations are facing many deadly diseases. Inadequate sanitation and a lack of clean water supplies are causing infections like cholera. Mosquitos that carry the often fatal disease malaria that is becoming resistant to medical treatment. The main problem facing Africa though is AIDS and HIV. 70% of the world’s adult AIDS cases and 80% of the children that have AIDS are in Africa.

Questions

Questions1. Great Zimbabwe was city established around 1000.

2. Great Zimbabwe and the Mutapa Empire both did lots of silver trading with Asia and Europe.

Questions3. Pablo Picasso was inspired by the Fang Sculpture in 1917.

4. Apartheid is the separation of races.

Questions5. Many countries in Africa have economies that are diverse.

6. Commodity is an agricultural or mining product that can be sold.

Questions7. 70% of the world’s adult AIDS cases are in other nations out of Africa.

8. 80% of the children that have AIDS are in Africa.

Questions9. The main disease that Africa is facing are AIDS, HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis.

10. In 1948 whites were the majority in Africa and blacks were the minority.

Answers 1. T.2. F.3. F.4. T.5. F.6. T.7. F.8. T.9. T.10. F.