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Africa and the Africans: Age of Atlantic Slave Trade. Ch 20. I. Introduction. Slavery was a common practice throughout ancient times into the modern era. Slaves consisted of people from conquered territories or POWs Slavery was also result of debt Slavery in Africa Between r ival tribes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Africa and the Africans: Age of Atlantic Slave TradeCh 20
I. IntroductionSlavery was a common practice throughout ancient times into the modern era.
Slaves consisted of people from conquered territories or POWsSlavery was also result of debt
Slavery in AfricaBetween rival tribesArabs enslaved conquered AfricansEuropean enslavement result of mercantilism
II. Atlantic Slave TradeResult of European Expansion to India/ChinaDominated early on by Portuguese
Factories: forts/ trading postEl MinaExchanged European goods for gold and ivory etc.Permission from local rulers
Eventually pushed inwardSome African kingdoms were very wealthyTried to convert Africans
II. Atlantic Slave TradePortuguese looked strange and were incorporated into African art (Religious perceptions)
Portuguese- Savages/Pagans
Initially a legitimate trade relationship1441 Slave trade greatly increased
II. Atlantic Slave Trade Expansion
1450-1489- 12 million slaves shipped10-20% died in transit18th century boom
Low reproductive ratesHigher in southern US
Plantations create demand (Atlantic)Male labor
Muslim haremsTrans-Saharan -women
II. Atlantic Slave TradeOrganization
Dutch and British take over trade from Portuguese
British Royal African Company (1660’s)Supplied Barbados, Jamaica and Virginia
SpanishIndies Piece- Healthy African Male
Women and children fraction of thisMulattos or Africans purchased and sold slavesProfitable but sometimes only 5-10%
III. African Societies, Slavery and Slave Trade
Types of African SlaveryPeasantChattel (property)
Slavery was only way to increase socioeconomic statusUsed as servants, concubines, soldiers and laborers
Women focus to increase family line (harem)Polygamy
Islam- only allowed for non-believers
African slave trading kingdomsAsante
Gold CoastControlled gold and slave trade
BeninSlave trade profitable but not dominant
DahomeyRoyal court controlled slave trade
Swahili CoastTraded predominantly with Arab states (harem focus)Conversion also a focusSometimes got violent
III. African Societies, Slavery and Slave Trade
IV. White Settlers in Africa
Dutch East India CompanyBoers/Afrikaners settled in Cape Colony
Great Trek
ZuluShaka Zulu- brutal ruler who brought more power to Zulu
Reorganized militaryLed to Mfecane- wandering warsCompeted with settlers in South
Spread of Africans and their cultureSlaves (along with gold and ivory) traded for guns, cloth and tobaccoSaltwater slaves- African BornCreole slaves- American Born
Mulattos
Skin color hierarchyWhite- light-dark
Numerous RebellionsSuriname- fairly successful rebellion- Dutch
V. Diaspora
VI. AbolitionEnded slave trade
MoralEnlightenmentLed by EnglandFinally ended in 1888 in Brazil