AFP Resource Manager Manual En

AFP Resource Manager

Users Guide

January 2007

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compart

Compart Systemhaus GmbH Otto-Lilienthal-Str. 38

71034 Böblingen Germany

Tel. +49 7031 6205-0 www.compart.net

http://www.compart.net/

AFP Resource Manager Users Guide II

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January 2007 Compart Systemhaus GmbH

Copyright © 2003, 2007 Compart Systemhaus GmbH, 71034 Böblingen Otto-Lilienthal-Str. 38 Germany Tel. +49 7031 6205-0 Fax: +49 7031 6205-555 www.compart.net E-Mail: [email protected] 1st Edition (January 2007) Compart is registered trademark of the Compart Systemhaus GmbH. All rights, even partial reprints, copies (incl. Microcopies or electronically processed copies) as well as ana-lyzing this document with databases or similar environments are reserved. The document in hand is for information only. Even though all the information has been gathered with great care, misrepresentations cannot be excluded. Please do not hesitate to inform us of any mistakes or inaccura-cies.

mailto:[email protected]

AFP Resource Manager Users Guide III

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! About This Manual

The manual describes the usage and parameterization of the Compart software product AFP Resource Manager (in the following referred to as AFPRM).

Audience This manual presents information for those who are responsible for the usage, in-stallation, implementation, customization, and administration of the product. As-sumed is the fundamental knowledge of a system administrator who is familiar with the different parts to the product. Furthermore, the person working with this manual should have a solid understanding of AFP resources and their usage.

Using This Manual This manual contains several sections:

In Chapter 1. Introduction on page 1 we give an general overview of AFPRM functions and its applications.

In Chapter 2. AFP Resource Manager Installation on page 2 we explain how to install the product.

In Chapter 3. AFPRM Functioning on page 3 we describe the functioning of the product.

In Chapter 4. AFPRM Program Call on page 5 we describe how the programmed is called, which parameters are available and how they are used.

In Chapter 5. Examples on page 8 we offer a compilation of working examples.

In Appendix A AFPRM Trace Support on page 10 we inform you about trace analysis methods.

In Appendix B Character Sets on page11 we list selected character sets and code pages.

In Glossary on page 17 we explain in alphabetical order terms relevant to print-ing, data processing as well as terms used in Compart products.

Other Important Sources of Information Because Compart products are subject of constant enhancements, the reader should inquire for the newest information about them. The most current source for it is our homepage http://www.compart.net.

AFP Resource Manager Users Guide IV

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Related Documentation ! Compart Products Reference Guide for Messages and Codes

Trademarks ! LuraDocument JBIG2 and LuraWave JP2 © 2006 LuraTech Imaging GmbH

All brands, products, or service names are or may be trademarks of, and are used to identify, products or services of their respective owners.

AFP Resource Manager Users Guide V

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! Table of Contents

! About This Manual ............................................................................................................... III Audience ........................................................................................................................... III Using This Manual.............................................................................................................. III Other Important Sources of Information............................................................................... III Related Documentation....................................................................................................... IV Trademarks........................................................................................................................ IV

! Table of Contents..................................................................................................................V

! List of Figures.......................................................................................................................VI

! List of Tables....................................................................................................................... VII

!1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................1

!2. AFP Resource Manager Installation.......................................................................................2

!3. AFPRM Functioning .............................................................................................................3

!4. AFPRM Program Call ...........................................................................................................5 4.1. Command Line ...........................................................................................................5 4.2. Return Codes ..............................................................................................................7

!5. Examples ............................................................................................................................8

! Appendix A AFPRM Trace Support .......................................................................................10

! Appendix B Character Sets..................................................................................................11

! Glossary .............................................................................................................................17

! Index ..................................................................................................................................26

AFP Resource Manager Users Guide VI

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! List of Figures

Figure 1: AFP Resource Library - Sample Layout...........................................................................1

AFP Resource Manager Users Guide VII

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! List of Tables

Table 1: AFP Resource Manager Command Line Parameters ........................................................6 Table 2: ISO Latin 1 Code Page (IANA Name ISO-8859-1)....................................................12 Table 3: Code Page 437 (IANA Name IBM437)......................................................................13 Table 4: Code Page 850 (IANA Name IBM850)......................................................................14 Table 5: Code Page 500 (IANA Name IBM500)......................................................................15 Table 6: Code Page 1141 (IANA Name IBM01141)................................................................16

AFP Resource Manager Users Guide 1

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! 1. Introduction

Using AFPRM you can generate AFP resource libraries. Resource libraries can also generated and used with the IBM product ACIF (AFP Conversion & Index-ing Facility). In resource libraries, the user specified resource objects are compiled in a single file unlike resources that are stored as members or files (data sets). A resource library is structured like a normal AFP/DS file and contains the individ-ual resource objects in one library.

The libraries can be used for:

! sending/receiving AFP resources regardless of the operating systems;

! filing of all resources of one or multiple documents in one archive;

! easy handling of AFP applications with multiple resource objects.

AFPRM has a modular structure and is based on an operating system independent code. For its structure, see figure below.

Figure 1: AFP Resource Library - Sample Layout

AFPRM controls and handles the compilation of all resources. They are sorted by resource type. The types are sorted by names, see the overlay O1LETTER and the page segment S1LOGO in Figure 1. Thus, AFPRM guarantees that the order of the individual resource doesn't matter and the result is binary identical, if the same re-sources are used.


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! 2. AFP Resource Manager Installation

AFPRM does not require a specific installation procedure due to its availability for many operation systems, i.e. during a Windows installation no registry entries are made. You merely copy the shipped files to a specific directory. The AFPRM software program consists of one file that you have to copy in a specified target directory.


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! 3. AFPRM Functioning

When the AFPRM batch process starts, the application collects all specified re-source names in a list. At the end, AFPRM generates the library. AFPRM can identify the origin of a resource. The resource is either part of a resource library or it is an individual file.

While generating the list AFPRM checks the resources, if they require resources for their part. AFPRM executes recursive checks for the following resource types:

Character Sets Character sets don't contain any further references.

Code Pages Code pages don't contain any further references.

Coded Fonts Coded fonts contain references to a character set and a code page.

Overlays Overlays can contain references to character sets, code pages, coded fonts, or page segments.

Page Segments Page segments can contain references to character sets, code pages, and coded fonts.

Copy Groups Copy groups can reference overlays but they can only be found in formdefs. Thus, copy groups are different to all other resource types (they can exist as individual objects). If a copy group is specified, the appropriate formdef is identi-fied that contains the copy group.

AFPRM accepts three ways of specifying the resource list. All methods can be used, i.e. they can be mixed. In general, you can do one of the following:

! specify individual resources, e.g. O1LETTER;

! specify an existing document (reference document). Thus, all resources are included in the list that are required for the document;

! specify an existing library (reference library). Thus, all resources of the li-brary are included in the list.

If AFPRM includes a resource in a list, all references required for that resource are included automatically. Double mentioning of resources doesn't result in dou-ble entries in the list.

When all resource objects are collected, the output library is generated. If a re-source object exist in more than one library or it is part of a file system as an indi-vidual object, the searching sequence (on the command line) defines which object is copied to the output library. If existing resource libraries are specified as sources, they are scanned before the object is searched in the file system.

To search for objects in a file system different folders can be specified separated by ;. Thus, they are searched in the specified order. PC or UNIX systems work with file extension for identification. Because resources are just specified by its


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name, each resource type can be provided with extensions, which are added to the object name during a search process. Example: Specifying the extensions ovl and oly for the overlay O1LETTER the program searches for the file O1LETTER.ovl and then for the file O1LETTER.oly in the specified folder.

Working with UNIX operating systems, you must note that only upper case object names are searched. If the parameter z is specified, all object names are changed into lower case letter before the search process starts.

The parameters exclude or ignore can be used to ignore defined resource types during input or output processing:

exclude parameter suppresses the output of defined types when generat-ing the output library.

ignore parameter doesn't interpret defined resource types during input processing. Thus the recursive references of the resource types are neglected.

The parameter list outputs a list containing all processed resources. Addition-ally information is provided how resources are included (directly or indirectly by recursive references).


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! 4. AFPRM Program Call

4.1. Command Line When the AFPRM program call is started, a number of parameters can be speci-fied. Parameters are processed from left to right.

Working under Windows or OS/2 parameters must start with / or -. Using UNIX only - is valid as starting character. The parameters are processed in the order they are entered on the command line.

To display the AFPRM help screen start AFPRM without any parameters. You enter on the command line: AFPRM.

AFPRM AFP Resource Manager Version 1.4 Copyright (C) Compart Systemhaus GmbH 2001-2003 Usage: afprm [-parameters] parameters: -path path(s) resource directory (default: current directory) -reslib file(s) resource file to search in -exclude chars exclude output of given type -ignore chars ignore input of given type -z [+|-] fold names to lowercase (default: -) -list [+|-] list resources (default: -) -output file resource library to create -extfd ext(s) form definition extension (default: none) -extov ext(s) overlay extension (default: none) -extps ext(s) page segment extension (default: none) -extch ext(s) character set extension (default: none) -extcp ext(s) code page extension (default: none) -extcf ext(s) coded font extension (default: none) -docref file(s) document file to resolve -resref file(s) resource file to resolve -formdef name form definition to import -overlay name(s) overlay to import -pageseg name(s) page segment to import -charset name(s) character set to import -codepage name(s) codepage to import -codedfont name(s) coded font to import exclude/ignore characters: C Character Set F Form Definition O Overlay S Page Segment T Codepage X Coded Font


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Table 1: AFP Resource Manager Command Line Parameters Parameter Description charset specifies the name of one or more character sets that are included in the

resource list codedfont specifies the name of one or more coded fonts that are included in the re-

source list codepage specifies the name of one or more code pages that are included in the re-

source list docref specifies the name of one or more documents as references. The required

resources must be included in the resource list. exclude specifies the resource types (each identified by one character) that are ig-

nored when generating the output file. extcf specifies the extension(s) for coded fonts that are searched in the file system,

for example: cdf. extch specifies the extension(s) for character sets that are searched in the file sys-

tem, for example: chs. extcp specifies the extension(s) for code pages that are searched in the file system,

for example: cdp. extfd specifies the extension(s) for formdefs that are searched in the file system,

for example: fdf or def. extov specifies the extension(s) for overlays that are searched in the file system,

for example: ovl or oly. extps specifies the extension(s) for page segments that are searched in the file

system, for example: psg or seg. formdef specifies the name of a formdef that is used to locate copy groups (medium

maps). Only one formdef can be specified. If no formdef is specified, copy groups cannot be processed..

ignore specifies the resource types (each identified by one character) that are ig-nored while input is processed.

list outputs a detailed list (origin etc.) of all resources at the end of processing. output specifies the name of the output file (resource library). If the name isn't

specified, the resource list is generated and verified, but no output is gener-ated.

overlay specifies the name of one or more overlays that are included in the resource list.

pageseg specifies the name of one or more page segments that are included in the resource list.

path specifies the folders where individual objects are searched. If more than one folder is specified, they are separated by ;.

reslib specifies as complete file name of one or more existing resource libraries where objects are searched.

resref specifies the name of one or more resources libraries as references whose contents is included in the list of resources.

z specifies that all object names are changed to lower case characters before they are searched in the file system.


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4.2. Return Codes AFPRM issues like other batch programs a return code to the calling process. In the following, the return codes are listed:

0 Processing of all parameters entered in the command line ends error-free.

1 Processing ends with errors. Eventually, an output file is generated.

2 Processing ends with a fatal error. If an output file was generated, it is unusable.

3 No processing occurs, for example: program call without parameters.

Note: If the return code is not 0, further processing (e.g. as scripts) is not recom-mended.


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! 5. Examples

To demonstrate how AFPRM can be used you find here a compilation of exam-ples (from basic to complex).

Compiling individual resources

AFPRM generates a library that consists of individual objects located in a file sys-tem. The overlays are in folder ../overlays and the page segments in folder ../pagesegs. No extensions are specified. Object names in lower case charac-ters represent files.

afprm z path ../overlays path ../pagesegs -overlay O1BRIEF O1STD pagedef S1LOGO -output mylib.res

Compiling individual resources from a library

AFPRM generates a library. It contains objects that are copied from an existing li-brary.

afprm -lib res1.lib -overlay O1BRIEF O1STD -output mylib.res

Merging two resource libraries

AFPRM generates a library by merging two existing libraries. If a resource is found more than once, it is taken from the library where it was found first. The li-braries must be specified as resources as well as reference libraries.

afprm -lib res1.lib res2.lib resref res1.lib res2.lib -output mylib.res

Extraction of all fonts from a resource library

AFPRM generates a library that contains all fonts from an existing library. This is done by masking all other resources.

afprm -lib res1.lib resref res1.lib -exclude OSXFT -output mylib.res

Generating a resource library for a document

AFPRM generates a library for a document that contains all resources required for a document. The example assumes that no extensions are necessary.

afprm path /resources -docref mydoc.afp -output mylib.res


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Versioning a resource library for a document

AFPRM generates a library that contains on the one hand all resources that are re-quired in a current document (for safety reasons) and on the other hand all re-sources that are stored in an older resource library. The resources for the document come from the current resource library. The newly created library con-tains the new resources (today.res) and all resources that are not referenced in the document from the older library (yesterday.res). It is important to specific today.lib first and then yesterday.lib to guarantee the correct searching sequence.

afprm path /resources -lib today.lib lib yesterday.lib -docref today.afp resref yesterday.res -output tomorrow.res


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! Appendix A AFPRM Trace Support

Integral part of AFPRM functionalities is an extensive internal trace support to analyze problems during a process run. The trace support records trace messages that are stored in a file named AFPPRM.trc located in the AFPPRM program di-rectory. When AFPPRM is started, a new trace file is generated. If a trace file al-ready exists, it will be overwritten.

The standard production version AFPRM generates a trace output only if fatal er-rors occur. It is not inevitable that a fatal error situation results in a program abend, i.e. the severity of traces does not relate do the severity of program proc-essing which is displayed as errors on the console. In fact, here a fatal error results in a program abend.

The traces are controlled by a environment variable named CPTRACE where CPTRACE=0 is the highest and CPTRACE=9 the lowest trace level. In case of problems, it might be a good idea to consult Compart support team. Before you start an extensive trace action you can also ask for a debug version of the pro-gram.


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! Appendix B Character Sets

Although the following tables arent directly connected to AFPRM, they might be helpful analyzing AFP files.

The following character sets are ASCII character sets:

! ISO Latin 1

! IBM 437

! IBM 850

The following character sets are EBCDIC character sets:

! IBM 500

! IBM 1141 (former IBM 273 without symbol)

The IANA names are defined by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority and guarantee a unique naming methods for character sets (e.g. used with encoding at-tribute of XML).


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Table 2: ISO Latin 1 Code Page (IANA Name ISO-8859-1)

+0 0x0

+1 0x1

+2 0x2

+3 0x3

+40x4

+50x5

+60x6

+70x7

+80x8

+90x9

+100xA

+11 0xB

+12 0xC

+13 0xD

+140xE

+150xF

0 (0x00) CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR SI SO

16 (0x10) CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL ESC CTL CTL CTL CTL

32 (0x20) SP ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 48 (0x30) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? 64 (0x40) @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O 80 (0x50) P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ 96 (0x60) ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o

112 (0x70) p q r s t u v w x y z | ~ DEL

128 (0x80) CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL

144 (0x90) CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL

160 (0xA0) NBS ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © ª « ¬ - ® ¯ 176 (0xB0) ° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ 192 (0xC0) À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï 208 (0xD0) Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß 224 (0xE0) à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï 250 (0xF0) ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ

Abbreviations: BEL Bell Character BS Backspace CR Carriage Return CTL Control Character DEL Delete ESC Escape FF Form Feed HT Horizontal Tab LF Line Feed NBS Nonbreaking Space SI Shift In SO Shift Out SP Space VT Vertical Tab


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Table 3: Code Page 437 (IANA Name IBM437)

+0 0x0

+1 0x1

+2 0x2

+3 0x3

+40x4

+50x5

+60x6

+70x7

+80x8

+90x9

+100xA

+11 0xB

+12 0xC

+13 0xD

+140xE

+150xF




112 (0x70) p q r s t u v w x y z | ~ 128 (0x80) Ç ü é â ä à å ç ê ë è ï î ì Ä Å 144 (0x90) É æ Æ ô ö ò û ù ÿ Ö Ü ¢ £ ¥ ₧ 160 (0xA0) á í ó ú ñ Ñ ª º ¿ ¬ ½ ¼ ¡ « » 176 (0xB0) 192 (0xC0) 208 (0xD0) 224 (0xE0) α ß Γ π Σ σ µ τ Φ Θ Ω δ ∞ ∩ 250 (0xF0) ≡ ± ≥ ≤ ⌠ ⌡ ÷ ≈ ° · · √ ⁿ ² NBS

Abbreviations: BEL Bell Character BS Backspace CR Carriage Return CTL Control Character ESC Escape FF Form Feed HT Horizontal Tab LF Line Feed NBS Nonbreaking Space SI Shift In SO Shift Out SP Space VT Vertical Tab


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+0 0x0

+1 0x1

+2 0x2

+3 0x3

+40x4

+50x5

+60x6

+70x7

+80x8

+90x9

+100xA

+11 0xB

+12 0xC

+13 0xD

+140xE

+150xF




112 (0x70) p q r s t u v w x y z | ~ 128 (0x80) Ç ü é â ä à å ç ê ë è ï î ì Ä Å 144 (0x90) É æ Æ ô ö ò û ù ÿ Ö Ü ø £ Ø × 160 (0xA0) á í ó ú ñ Ñ ª º ¿ ® ¬ ½ ¼ ¡ « » 176 (0xB0) Á Â À © ¢ ¥ 192 (0xC0) ã Ã ¤ 208 (0xD0) ð Ð Ê Ë È õ Í Î Ï ¦ Ì 224 (0xE0) Ó ß Ô Ò õ Õ µ þ Þ Ú Û Ù ý Ý ¯ ´ 250 (0xF0) SH ± ‗ ¾ ¶ § ÷ ¸ ° ¨ · ¹ ³ ² NBS

Abbreviations: BEL Bell Character BS Backspace CR Carriage Return CTL Control Character ESC Escape FF Form Feed HT Horizontal Tab LF Line Feed NBS Nonbreaking Space SH Soft Hyphenation SI Shift In SO Shift Out SP Space VT Vertical Tab


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+0 0x0

+1 0x1

+2 0x2

+3 0x3

+40x4

+50x5

+60x6

+70x7

+80x8

+90x9

+100xA

+11 0xB

+12 0xC

+13 0xD

+140xE

+150xF

0 (0x00) CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL HT CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL

16 (0x10) CTL LF CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL

32 (0x20) CTL CTL ↑ · CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL

48 (0x30) CTL ↓ CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL

64 (0x40) SP NBS â ä à á ã å ç ñ [ . < ( + ! 80 (0x50) & é ê ë è í î ï ì ß ] $ * ) ; ^ 96 (0x60) - / Â Ä À Á Ã Å Ç Ñ ¦ , % _ > ?

112 (0x70) ø É Ê Ë È Í Î Ï Ì ` : # @ ' = " 128 (0x80) Ø a b c d e f g h i « » ð ý þ ± 144 (0x90) ° j k l m n o p q r ª º æ ¸ Æ ¤ 160 (0xA0) µ ~ s t u v w x y z ¡ ¿ Ð Ý Þ ® 176 (0xB0) ¢ £ ¥ © § ¶ ¼ ½ ¾ ¬ | ¯ ¨ ´ × 192 (0xC0) A B C D E F G H I ô ö ò ó õ

208 (0xD0) J K L M N O P Q R ¹ û ü ù ú ÿ 224 (0xE0) \ ÷ S T U V W X Y Z ² Ô Ö Ò Ó Õ 250 (0xF0) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ³ Û Ü Ù Ú CTL

Abbreviation: CTL Control Character HT Horizontal Tab LF Line Feed NBS Nonbreaking Space VT Vertical Tab


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+0 0x0

+1 0x1

+2 0x2

+3 0x3

+40x4

+50x5

+60x6

+70x7

+80x8

+90x9

+100xA

+11 0xB

+12 0xC

+13 0xD

+140xE

+150xF

0 (0x00) CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL HT CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL

16 (0x10) CTL LF CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL

32 (0x20) CTL CTL ↑ · CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL

48 (0x30) CTL ↓ CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL

64 (0x40) SP NBS â à á ã å ç ñ Ä . < ( + ! 80 (0x50) & é ê ë è í î ï ì ~ Ü $ * ) ; ^ 96 (0x60) - / Â [ À Á Ã Å Ç Ñ ö , % _ > ?

112 (0x70) ø É Ê Ë È Í Î Ï Ì ` : # § ' = " 128 (0x80) Ø a b c d e f g h i « » ð ý þ ± 144 (0x90) ° j k l m n o p q r ª º æ ¸ Æ ¤ 160 (0xA0) µ ß s t u v w x y z ¡ ¿ Ð Ý Þ ® 176 (0xB0) ¢ £ © @ ¶ ¼ ½ ¾ ¬ | ¯ ¨ ´ × 192 (0xC0) ä A B C D E F G H I ô ¦ ò ó õ 208 (0xD0) ü J K L M N O P Q R ¹ û ù ú ÿ 224 (0xE0) Ö ÷ S T U V W X Y Z ² Ô \ Ò Ó Õ 250 (0xF0) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ³ Û ] Ù Ú CTL

Abbreviations: CTL Control Character HT Horizontal Tab LF Line Feed NBS Nonbreaking Space VT Vertical Tab


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! Glossary

The Compart glossary explains, in alphabetical order, a multitude of terms relevant to printing, data processing as well as some terms used in Compart products.

A

ACIF (AFP Conversion and Indexing Facility). A batch application development utility that creates documents by formatting line data (record format and traditional), XML data, MO:DCA print files, and unformatted ASCII files. ACIF also provides indexing and resource retrieval capabilities that let you view, distribute, archive, and retrieve document files across systems and platforms.

Additive color mixing. This is the process of pro-ducing color through the addition of different colors of light. Computer and television screens use thou-sands of red, green, and blue phosphor dots, which are so small and close together that the human eye cannot see them individually. Instead, the eye sees the colors formed by the mixture of light.

AFP (Advanced Function Presentation). (1) A set of licensed programs, together with user applica-tions, that use the all-points-addressable concept to print data on a wide variety of printers or to display data on a variety of display devices. AFP includes creating, formatting, archiving, retrieving, viewing, distributing, and printing information. (2) IBM stra-tegic environment for presentation.

APA (All Points Addressability). The capability to address, reference, and position text, overlays, and images at any defined position or picture element (pel) on the printable area of a page. This capability depends on the ability of the hardware to address and to display each picture element.

API (Application Programming Interface). A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. A good API makes it easier to develop a program by providing all the building blocks. A programmer puts the blocks together. Most operating environments, such as MS-Windows, provide an API so that programmers can write ap-plications consistent with the operating environ-ment. Although APIs are designed for programmers, they are ultimately good for users because they guarantee that all programs using a common API will have similar interfaces. This makes it easier for users to learn new programs.

Archiving systems. They are generally used for final filing and are used for revision-secure, un-changeable storage of information. Electronic ar-chiving systems are closely based on a similar

approach as classic Document Management Sys-tems. Here, individual documents and containers are administered using a database. Archiving sys-tems also have the possibility of administering large quantities of information in jukeboxes.

ASCII (American Standards Code for Information Interchange). The standard code, using a coded character set consisting of 7-bit coded characters (8-bits including parity check), that is used for in-formation interchange among data processing sys-tems, data communication systems, and associated equipment. The ASCII set consists of control char-acters and graphic characters.

Attachment. An attachment is a file such as a word processing document, spreadsheet, graphics or sound that has been sent along with an email message. The contents of the attachment does not appear in the message itself, but instead must be opened separately. The Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) email protocol allows other in-formation such as word processing documents, graphics, sound and video to be sent as electronic mail. This is a method for encoding non-textual data in such a way that it can be transmitted from one computer to another.

B

Barcode. (1) A code representing characters by sets of parallel bars of varying thickness and sepa-ration that are read optically by transverse scanning. (2) An array of parallel rectangular bars and spaces that together represent data elements or characters in a particular symbology. The bars and spaces are arranged in a predetermined pattern following un-ambiguous rules defined by the symbology.

Batch. (1) An accumulation of data to be proc-essed. (2) A group of records or data processing jobs brought together for processing or transmis-sion. (3) Pertaining to activity involving little or no user action. Contrast with interactive.

Batch environment. (1) An environment in which noninteractive programs are executed. (2) An envi-ronment to which batch jobs in command lists are submitted and in which their execution is sched-uled, independently of their submitter.

Batch printing. Queuing one or more documents to print in a separate job as a background process.

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/routine.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/protocol.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/application.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/application.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/program.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/programmer.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/operating_environment.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/MS_Windows.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/user.html

http://www.cit.buffalo.edu/glossary/mime.html


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The operator can work on other documents at the same time the background process is running.

Bitmap. A representation, consisting of rows and columns of dots, of a graphics image in computer memory. The value of each dot (whether it is filled in or not) is stored in one or more bits of data. For simple monochrome images, one bit is sufficient to represent each dot, but for colors and shades of gray, each dot requires more than one bit of data. The more bits used to represent a dot, the more col-ors and shades of gray that can be represented. The density of the dots, known as the resolution, deter-mines how sharply the image is represented. This is often expressed in dots per inch (dpi) or simply by the number of rows and columns, such as 640 by 480. To display a bit-mapped image on a monitor or to print it on a printer, the computer translates the bit map into pixels (for display screens) or ink dots (for printers). Optical scanners and fax machines work by transforming text or pictures on paper into bit maps. Bit-mapped graphics are often referred to as raster graphics.

C

Character increment. Usually it is the distance between the current print position and the next print position. Synonymous with character spacing.

Character set. (1) A finite set of different charac-ters that is complete for a given purpose; for exam-ple, the character set in ISO Standard 646, 7-bit Coded Character Set for Information Processing In-terchange. (2) An ordered set of unique representa-tions called characters; for example, the 26 letters of the English alphabet, Boolean 0 and 1, the set of symbols in the Morse code, and the 128 ASCII characters. (3) Often a synonym for font character set. (4) All the valid characters for a programming language or for a computer system. (5) A group of characters used for a specific reason; for example, the set of characters a printer can print.

CMYK. CMYK (an acronym for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black) designates the color model usu-ally employed in printing technology, which uses the basic colors cyan, magenta and yellow. The fourth color is black, which is used to ensure a visually satisfying black tone.

Code page. A set of assignments, each of which assigns a code point to a character. Each code page has a unique name or identifier. Within a given code page, a code point is assigned to one charac-ter. More than one character set can be assigned code points from the same code page.

COLD (Computer Output to Laser Disk). The COLD procedure is used for the archiving of mass data on digital optical storage units. COLD systems accept several files, extract index data and save the information. Data can then be displayed in its origi-nal format with the use of overlays or background layouts.

Concertina fold. A concertina fold is the continu-ous parallel folding of brochures and similar printed products in the manner of an accordion, where the fold is alternatively made to the front and back.

Copy group. (1) One or more copies of a sheet of paper or form. Each copy can have modifications, such as text suppression, page position, forms flash, overlays, paper-source, and duplex printing. (2) The portion of a form definition that defines a set of modifications (including identifying the overlays and defining page placement) that can be used when printing a page or form. (3) A set of copy subgroups that specify all copies of a sheet. In IPDS architecture, a copy group is specified by a Load Copy Control command. In MO:DCA, a copy group is specified within a medium map. (4) Syno-nym for medium map.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). A feature being added to HTML that gives both Web site develop-ers and users more control over how pages are dis-played. With CSS, designers and users can create style sheets that define how different elements, such as headers and links, appear. These style sheets can then be applied to any Web page. The term cascad-ing derives from the fact that multiple style sheets can be applied to the same Web page. CSS was de-veloped by the W3C.

CSV (Comma Separated Values). It is a type of file usually created with a spreadsheet program: each line (or row) consists of one record, and each field of the record is separated by commas or an-other user defined character.

D

Database trigger. It is a procedure that is stored in a database and is executed or "fired" when a table is modified. Triggers are very powerful tools that can be used to preform many tasks such as restricting access to specific data, preform logging, or auditing of data sets.

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Data mining. A class of database applications that look for hidden patterns in a group of data that can be used to predict future behavior. For example, data mining software can help retail companies find customers with common interests. The term is com-monly misused to describe software that presents data in new ways. True data mining software does not just change the presentation, but actually dis-covers previously unknown relationships among the data. Data mining is popular in the science and mathematical fields but also is utilized increasingly by marketers trying to distill useful consumer data from Web sites.

DCA (Document Content Architecture). A stan-dard, produced by IBM, for word processor files. Two types of DCA file are used, one for documents that can be altered (revisable-form text or RFT) and one for those that cannot (final-form text or FFT).

DCF (Document Composition Facility). (1) An IBM licensed program that provides a text format-ter called SCRIPT/VS. SCRIPT/VS can process files marked up with a unique set of either SCRIPT or GML controls and tags. (2) In printing, an IBM licensed program that provides text formatting for certain printers, including IBM page printers, IBM line printers, PostScript devices, or any printer functionally equivalent to the IBM printers at the data stream level.

Distributed output management. (e.g., IBM's In-foprint, Cypress) is middleware that drives the out-put process and supports the automated creation and delivery of business process and ad hoc docu-ments.

DMS (Document Management System). Total sys-tem consisting of hardware and software with which all information existing within an organiza-tion can be recorded, administered or handled. This information can be available in paper or electronic form. Paper documents are transferred to digital format prior to be recorded. The document that is to be recorded must be indexed and can then be sub-jected to a targeted search and retrieved later. Fur-thermore, referring to the contents of a document allows a full text search to be carried out.

Document. The term applies not only for earlier paper documents, but can also contain any other digital type of information that is linked together into a document. A document can consist of one (e.g. an image or a set of data) or several individual objects (e.g. several images, a file with integrated images, text and tables, a mixture of content from several sources).

Document Object Model (DOM). Form of repre-sentation of structured documents as an object-

oriented model. DOM is the official World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standard for representing structured documents in a platform- and language-neutral manner.

DPI (Dots per Inch). It indicates the resolution of images. The more dots per inch, the higher the reso-lution. A common resolution for laser printers is 600 dots per inch. This means 600 dots across and 600 dots down, so there are 360,000 dots per square inch.

E

EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Inter-change Code). (1) A coded character set consisting of 8-bit coded characters. (2) A code developed for the representation of textual data. A coded character set of 256 8-bit characters.

EDMS (Electronic Document Management Sys-tem). Any electronic system that manages docu-ments (not data) to realize significant improvements in business work processes. Like most information systems, EDMSs consist of a number of component technologies that support both analog and digital document management.

Encoding scheme. A set of specific definitions that describe the philosophy used to represent char-acter data. The number of bits, the number of bytes, the allowable ranges of bytes, the maximum num-ber of characters, and the meanings assigned to some generic and specific bit patterns, are some ex-amples of specifications to be found in such a defi-nition.

EPS (Encapsulated PostScript). Encapsulated PostScript. A standard file format for importing and exporting. Postscript language files among applica-tions in a variety of heterogeneous environments. Pure EPS format cannot be presented on the moni-tor and therefore provides a preview picture in TIF-Format. EPS graphics can be enlarged without loss of quality.

G

GIF (Graphical Interchange Format). GIF describes a data format for space-saving storage of images and graphics. It works using lossy compression, and allows 256 colors to be displayed from any pallet. The data format was introduced by the Compu-Serve online service in 1987, which makes it one of the oldest of its type. GIF remains one of the most widely used formats for online publication, and al-lows animated images to be displayed in a modified form (animated GIF).

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Glyph. A glyph is a symbol carved in stone. In ty-pography, a glyph is a letter which a character set contains in several forms. The letter "s", for exam-ple, has this property in both the German and Greek alphabets.

Grammage. The standard international unit of measurement for paper weight, expressed in grams per square meter, or gsm. Grammages range from 7 to approx. 225 g/m2 for paper, and approx. 150 to 600 gsm for board. The system differs in the U.S., where the term basis weight is used, i.e. the weight in pounds of a ream (500 sheets) in the basic size for a grade of paper.

I

ICC. The International Color Consortium (ICC) brings together manufacturers of prepress products in order to promote color management, in other words device-independent processing of color. It is lead-managed by Fogra (Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft für Druck- und Reproduktionstechnik e.V., München).

ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition). It is a method for recognizing text in a NCI (non-coded information) document. In addition to OCR meth-ods, other sources of information are taken into consideration during the conversion, which im-proves the recognition rate over standard OCR technologies.

Image. (1) An electronic representation of a pic-ture produced by means of sensing light, sound, electron radiation, or other emanations coming from the picture or reflected by the picture. An im-age can also be generated directly by software without reference to an existing picture. (2) An electronic representation of an original document recorded by a scanning device. (3) A likeness or imitation of an object, such as a picture or logo. (4) In printers, a string of picture elements organized in scan lines to represent the contrasting portions of a picture. The image may consist of any data stored as a raster pattern. An image is printed is one side of a sheet of paper. In simplex printing, a synonym for impression. (5) Toned and untoned pels ar-ranged in a pattern. (6) A PostScript file that can contain any combination of images and text.

IOCA (Image Object Content Architecture). (1) In printers, an IPDS command set to print image data on a page, page segment, or overlay. (2) An archi-tected collection of constructs used to interchange and present images.

J

Java. Java is an object-oriented programming lan-guage developed by computer manufacturer Sun Microsystems specifically for Internet applications. So that programs written in Java can be executed on every computer, they are not translated into ma-chine language for execution, but into a computer-independent code. In a second step during execu-tion, it is then converted into a code that the com-puter in question understands. Every computer that is to execute Java programs needs a program module called a Java Virtual Machine for this purpose. This module is available for all common operating systems and is included in the standard Internet browsers.

JDK (Java Development Kit). Software develop-ment kit from Sun consisting of a Java compiler, a debugger, standard Java classes, and a Java runtime (i.e., JVM) for Unix. Replaced, in Java 2, by Java Platform, sometimes referred to as the Java SDK.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group). JPEG is a common method, developed by the Joint Pho-tographic Experts Group, for compressing image fi-les in RGB mode. It can reduce the file size by up to 95 percent. It involves a loss of image informa-tion, although the degree of compression can be se-lected such that these losses remain within acceptable limits. JPEG requires no license and is internationally standardized (ISO 10918). It uses the Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) method, where image sections of 64 pixels each are processed.

JPEG 2000. A new compression method, known as JPEG 2000, is currently being developed. It uses what is known as wavelets and is said to be able to compress images by 20 percent more than JPEG. The image quality also suffers less at high compres-sion rates, as the image is processed as a whole. Moreover, JPEG 2000 is also to support non-lossy compression, as well as other color modes (such as CMYK) and color management.

L

LZW. Short for Lempel-Zif-Welch, a popular data compression technique developed in 1977 by J. Ziv and A Lempel, and later refined by Terry Welch. A lossless compression technique used in the GIF for-mat. It can also be used in TIFF, PDF, and PostScript Level 2 files.

M

Medium map. (1) An internal object in a form definition that controls the overlays to be used and

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defines page placement and modifications to the form. Synonymous with copy group. (2) A print control object in a form map that defines resource mappings and controls modifications to a form, page placement on a form, and form copy genera-tion. Synonym for copy group.

Meta data. Definitional data that provides informa-tion about or documentation of other data managed within an application or environment. Meta data may include descriptive information about the con-text, quality and condition, or characteristics of the data. Also commonly referred to as an abstract.

MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition). (1) Character recognition of magnetic ink characters. (2) The identification of characters using magnetic ink. (3) It is the recognition of characters printed with ink that contains particles of a magnetic mate-rial. (4) Contrast with optical character recognition.

MO:DCA (Mixed Object Document Content Ar-chitecture). An architected, device-independent data stream for interchanging documents.

MO:DCA-P (Mixed Object: Document Content Architecture for Presentation). The MO:DCA-P data stream is the application data stream through which applications can describe pages composed of text, images, and graphics data. MO:DCA-P is de-vice independent; therefore, applications that pro-duce this data stream can be directed to any of the printers supported by the AFP system or to graphi-cal personal computer displays for viewing.

N

NOP (No Operation). A construct whose execution causes a product to proceed to the next instruction to be processed without taking any other action.

O

OCR (Optical Character Recognition). OCR refers to the branch of computer science that involves reading text from paper and translating the images into a form that the computer can manipulate (for example, into ASCII codes). An OCR system en-ables you to take a book or a magazine article, feed it directly into an electronic computer file, and then edit the file using a word processor. All OCR sys-tems include an optical scanner for reading text, and sophisticated software for analyzing images. Most OCR systems use a combination of hardware (specialized circuit boards) and software to recog-nize characters, although some inexpensive systems do it entirely through software. Advanced OCR sys-tems can read text in large variety of fonts, but they still have difficulty with handwritten text.

OMR (Optical Mark Recognition). OMR is the technology of electronically extracting intended data from marked fields, such as checkboxes and fill-in fields, on printed forms. OMR technology scans a printed form and reads predefined positions and records where marks are made on the form. This technology is useful for applications in which large numbers of hand-filled forms need to be proc-essed quickly and with great accuracy, such as sur-veys, reply cards, questionnaires and ballots. A common OMR application is the use of bubble sheets for multiple-choice tests used by schools. The student indicates the answer on the test by fill-ing in the corresponding bubble, and the form is fed through an optical mark reader (also abbreviated as OMR, a device that scans the document and reads the data from the marked fields. The error rate for OMR technology is less than 1%.

OTF (Output Text Format). The format consists of a set of simple commands, which are not linked to a particular output environment. It is therefore suit-able for a whole range of output devices such as line printers, laser printers or monitors. Further-more, it is easy to read and understand. In SAP ap-plications, OTF serves as a basis for device drivers, i.e. programs that control output to a particular out-put device.

Overlay. (1) A resource object that can contain text, image, graphics, and barcode data. Overlays define their own environment, and are often used as electronic forms. (2) The final representation of such an object on a physical medium. Contrast with page segment.

P

PDS (Partitioned Data Set). A data set in direct ac-cess storage that is divided into partitions, called members, each of which can contain a program, part of a program, or data. Contrast with sequential data set. Synonymous with program library.

Page group. A named group of sequential pages. A page group is delimited by a Begin Named Page Group structured field and an End Named Page Group structured field. A page group can contain nested page groups. All pages in the page group in-herit the attributes and processing characteristics that are assigned to the page group.

Page segment. (1) In MO:DCA, a resource object that can contain any mixture of bar code objects, graphics objects, and IOCA image objects. A page segment does not contain an active environment group. The environment for a page segment is de-fined by the active environment group of the in-cluding page or overlay. (2) The final


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representation of such an object on a physical me-dium. Contrast with overlay.

PCL (Printer Control Language). PCL is the lan-guage used to control computer printers. Introduced in the 1980s by computer manufacturers Hewlett-Packard and under constant development ever since, PCL allows application programs to control the functions of different printers in a standardized, efficient manner. PCL commands are embedded in the data flow of the print job. Compared to the PostScript page description language developed by Adobe, PCL is usually faster and requires less memory. However, the functionality of this lan-guage is less general in scope, which means that it is not suitable for all output devices.

PCX. Originally developed by ZSOFT for its PC Paintbrush program, PCX is a graphics file format for graphics programs running on PCs. It is sup-ported by most optical scanners, fax programs, and desktop publishing systems. Files in the PCX for-mat end with a .pcx.

PDF (Portable Document Format). Developed by software manufacturer Adobe Systems Inc. in the USA, this data format is used for exchanging and processing electronically stored, formatted docu-ments with text and images, independently of the hardware and software used. One of the special fea-tures is that texts and graphics are stored in vector form, meaning that the resolution of their represen-tation is dependently solely on the output device (monitor, printer). PDF files can generally by rec-ognized by the ".pdf" file name suffix. They can be created using the Adobe Acrobat program. The Ac-robat Reader is available free for displaying and printing PDF files.

PDF/A (Archive). In 2002, AIIM International and NPES (The Association for Suppliers of Printing, Publishing, and Converting Technologies) an-nounced a joint effort to develop an international standard that defines the use of the Portable Docu-ment Format (PDF) for archiving and preserving documents. The project, currently referred to as PDF/A, will address the growing need to electroni-cally archive documents in a way that will ensure preservation of their contents over an extended pe-riod of time, and will further ensure that those documents will be able to be retrieved and rendered with a consistent and predictable result in the fu-ture. This need exists in a growing number of inter-national government and industry segments, including legal systems, libraries, newspapers, regulated industries, and others.

Pixel (Picture Element). (1) A pixel is the com-puter term for an image dot, i.e. the smallest unit of a digitally displayed image. The memory required by an image consisting of pixels is determined by

the size of the image, its resolution, i.e. the number of pixels per unit of area, and the number of colors to be displayed. (2) The format for storing image data where, for a given resolution, every pixel in the image is represented by the appropriate data. Image processing programs such as Photoshop use the pixel format, the most common being TIFF (Tagged Image File Format). The pixel format is most suitable for real images, but, depending on the quality of the image, this requires a very large amount of memory.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics). A bit-mapped graphics format similar to GIF. In fact, PNG was approved as a standard by the World Wide Web consortium to replace GIF because GIF uses a pat-ented data compression algorithm called LZW. In contrast, PNG is completely patent- and license-free. The most recent versions of web browsers now support PNG.

PostScript. PostScript is a page description lan-guage developed by the software manufacturer Adobe Systems Inc. which has become a quasi-standard in the digital prepress stage. It describes documents largely independently of the device used, so that for instance the resolution of an image is not defined until the output device. The more re-cent PostScript 2 offers, among other things, im-proved colorimetric facilities, since the reference color space is integrated in accordance with the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) stan-dard. The latest version, PostScript 3, also improves the way in which colors and three-dimensional ob-jects are displayed and supports trapping of graphic objects.

PSF (Print Services Facility). (1) The IBM soft-ware product that enables the use of the IBM family of page printers. (2) An IBM licensed program that manages and controls the input data stream and output data stream required by supported IBM page printers. PSF combines print data (from the system spool) with other resources and printing controls to produce the printer data stream (including printer commands) for AFP printers. PSF can interface ei-ther directly with a users application program or indirectly through the Job Entry Subsystems (JES) of MVS. PSF provides device support for Ad-vanced Function Presentation. (3) A sophisticated print subsystem that drives IPDS page printers. PSF is supported on MVS, VM, and VSE, and as a stan-dard part of OS/400. PSF manages printer resources such as fonts, images, and electronic overlays, and provides error recovery for print jobs. The input data streams supported by PSF include 370 line data and AFPDS/MO:DCA-P.

PTOCA (Presentation Text Object Content Archi-tecture). (1) In printers, the IPDS control sequences used to present text information on a page, page

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segment, or overlay. (2) An architected collection of constructs used to interchange and present pres-entation text data.

R

Raster image. A raster image is a matrix of row and column data points whose values represent en-ergy being reflected or emitted from the object be-ing viewed. These values, or pixels, can be viewed on a display monitor as a black and white or color image.

Repository. It generically refers to a central place where data is stored and maintained. A repository can be a place where multiple databases or files are located for distribution over a network, or a reposi-tory can be a location that is directly accessible to the user without having to travel across a network.

RGB. RGB is the usual additive color model for the primary colors red, green and blue and is used for self-illuminating output devices such as moni-tors, but also for electronic recording equipment such as scanners and video cameras. There are a number of different variants of RGB. Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft proposed a new, more uni-form standard in 1998 in the form of sRGB.

RTF (Rich Text Format). It is a data format for texts that contains not only the text itself, but also information on the font, font size and formatting. The Rich Text Format was specified by Microsoft as a software-independent format for formatted texts.

S

SAPGOF (SAP Generic Output Format). All ex-ternal programs which process R/3 spool data (print data) will have to be capable of interpreting the for-mat.

SAX (Simple API for XML). SAX is a serial access parser API for XML. A SAX Parser handles XML information as a stream and is unidirectional, i.e. it cannot renegotiate a node without first having to es-tablish a new handle to the document and reparse. With that proviso in mind, however, the SAX parser, since it works in stream mode, is unques-tionably faster than its sibling the DOM parser. The SAX parser is implemented as an event-driven model in which the programmer provides callback methods which are invoked by the parser as part of its traversal of the XML document.

Scale-to-Gray. An option to display a black and white image file in an enhanced mode, making it easier to view. A scale-to-gray display uses gray

shading to fill in gaps or jumps (known as aliasing) that occur when displaying an image file on a com-puter screen. Also known as grayscale.

Serif. A serif is a small stroke on the end of the strokes of letters. This design feature is typical of so-called Roman faces, which can be traced back to ancient Rome. Serifs cater to the perception mecha-nism of the human eye and thus make typefaces easier to read.

SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language). It is a system for organizing and tagging elements of a document. SGML was developed and standard-ized by the International Organization for Standards (ISO) in 1986. SGML itself does not specify any particular formatting; rather, it specifies the rules for tagging elements. These tags can then be inter-preted to format elements in different ways. SGML is used widely to manage large documents that are subject to frequent revisions and need to be printed in different formats. Because it is a large and com-plex system, it is not yet widely used on personal computers. However, the growth of Internet, and especially the World Wide Web, is creating re-newed interest in SGML because the World Wide Web uses HTML, which is one way of defining and interpreting tags according to SGML rules.

Spooling. It refers to putting jobs in a buffer, a special area in memory or on a disk where a device can access them when it is ready. Spooling is useful because devices access data at different rates. The buffer provides a waiting station where data can rest while the slower device catches up. The most common spooling application is print spooling. In print spooling, documents are loaded into a buffer (usually an area on a disk), and then the printer pulls them off the buffer at its own rate. Because the documents are in a buffer where they can be ac-cessed by the printer, you can perform other opera-tions on the computer while the printing takes place in the background. Spooling also lets you place a number of print jobs on a queue instead of waiting for each one to finish before specifying the next one.

Spot color. It refers to a method of specifying and printing colors in which each color is printed with its own ink. In contrast, process color printing uses four inks (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) to produce all other colors. Spot color printing is ef-fective when the printed matter contains only one to three different colors, but it becomes prohibitively expensive for more colors. Most desktop publishing and graphics applications allow you to specify spot colors for text and other elements. There is a num-ber of color specification systems for specifying spot colors, but Pantone is the most widely used.

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SQL (Structured Query Language). SQL is a lan-guage for requesting information from a database. The original version called SEQUEL (structured English query language) was designed by an IBM research center in 1974 and 1975. SQL was first in-troduced as a commercial database system in 1979 by Oracle Corporation.

Subtractive color synthesis. Subtractive color synthesis creates a color impression by filtering out individual frequency ranges i.e. colors from the overall spectrum of visible light. In the case of color printing, this is done by overprinting the inks generally the basic colors cyan, magenta and yel-low, which can be used to create all color tones of the relevant color space.

SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics). It is a vector graphics file format that enables two-dimensional images to be displayed in XML pages on the Web. Vector images are created through text-based com-mands formatted to comply with XML specifica-tions. In contrast to JPEG and GIF images on the Web, which are bitmapped and always remain a specified size, SVG images are scalable to the size of the viewing window and will adjust in size and resolution according to the window in which it is displayed. Benefits of SVG include: smaller files size than regular bitmapped graphics such as GIF and JPEG files, resolution independence, so that the image can scale down or up to fit proportionally into any size display on any type of Web device, text labels and descriptions that can be searched by search engines, ability to link to parts of an image and complex animation.

T

TGA (Targa). It was the first 24-bit truecolor for-mat to come to the PC market. There are several va-rieties of Targa files; the most commonly used are the Targa 16, Targa 24, and Targa 32. The names are derived from the type of hardware used to cre-ate them.

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format). It is a com-monly used file format for images. It was defined by a computer industry committee in 1986. It is a so-called screen format that contains information on the brightness and hue of every pixel. The TIFF format supports various color systems, from black-and-white to full-color RGB images. TIFF files can be compressed by a variety of methods.

Tone correction. It is a method of adjusting the tone curve so that the reproduction results on dif-ferent types of output devices to have gradations similar to the original image.

True color. It refers to any graphics device or software that uses at least 24 bits to represent each dot or pixel. Using 24 bits means that more than 16 million unique colors can be represented. Since humans can only distinguish a few million colors, this is more than enough to accurately represent any color image.

Truetype. TrueType is a font format developed by Apple and licensed to Microsoft. TrueType is the native operating system font format for Windows and MacOS. TrueType contains a hierarchical set of tables and glyph representations. Characters can be hinted on a per character and point size basis yield-ing excellent quality at screen resolutions. True-Type fonts for Windows and MacOS have few differences, though they can be different enough to prevent cross platform usage. Font foundries pro-vide TrueType fonts for each platform and usually include a license preventing electronic manipula-tion to achieve cross platform transparency. True-Type is one of the foundations for the OpenType Font Format.

Twip. Acronym for twentieth of a point; a twip is a screen-independent measurement for computer display, used by software program developers. There are 1440 twips in one inch (567 twips per centimeter).

Typeface. It is a design for a set of characters. Popular typefaces include Times Roman, Helvetica, and Courier. The typeface represents one aspect of a font. The font also includes such characteristics as size, weight, italics, and so on. There are two gen-eral categories of typefaces: serif and sans serif. Sans serif typefaces are composed of simple lines, whereas serif typefaces use small decorative marks to embellish characters and make them easier to read. Helvetica is a sans serif type and Times Ro-man is a serif type.

U

Under Color Addition. Under Color Addition (UCA) is a variation of achromatic synthesis used for 4c color sets. Equal components of the three chromatic colors cyan, magenta and yellow in the CMYK color system replace part of the neutral color component generated here with black. Under Color Addition is a good means for improving print quality vis-à-vis pure achromatic synthesis.

Unicode. Unicode is a method for coding charac-ters for electronic processing and uses 16-digit bi-nary numbers (16-bit numbers). Unlike ASCII and other codes, which work with 8-bit numbers, Uni-code is capable of representing 65,536 different characters. This covers all the characters is every

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/t/graphics.html

http://dret.net/glossary/fontformat


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commonly used script in the world. Unicode is al-ready in widespread use today.

V

Vector graphic. A graphic image drawn in shapes and lines, called paths. Images created in Illustrator and Freehand (graphic design software) are vector graphics. They are usually exported to be bitmap images.

X

XML (Extensible Markup Language, derived from SGML). It is a symbol language, which is used to describe the structure of documents. Externally, XML is similar to HTML (Hypertext Markup Lan-guage) used throughout the Internet. The most im-portant difference lies in the fact that the symbols (tags) used in XML can be selected with a great degree of freedom, while they are fixed in HTML. This allows special forms of XML to be generated for virtually any type of application. XML is essen-tially a slimmed-down form of the SGML (Stan-dard Generalized Markup Language) document description language defined in ISO 8879 and was created for transmitting richly structured documents via the World Wide Web. The International World Wide Web Consortium is responsible for standardi-zation of XML.

XSL (eXtensible Style Definition Language). XSL is a style sheet language that can be used for dis-playing XML documents. Using XSL is two-step process, the first step being a transformation of the XML document using XSLT, and the second step being the rendering of the result of the transforma-tion, which is done using XSL-FO. While XSL

covers the same application area than CSS, it is much more powerful, because the transformation step (using XSLT) can perform arbitrarily complex transformations of the XML document, while CSS is not able to make any structural changes to the XML document.

XSL-FO (Extensible Style Language-Formatting Objects). XSL-FO is an XML vocabulary for the formatting of documents. Being part of XSL, the normal way is to produce XSL-FO documents by transforming XML documents using XSLT. Even though the principles behind XSL and CSS (the other Style Sheet Language created by W3C) are quite different, it is planned to align the formatting model between XSL-FO and CSS, so that format-ting engines can be based on the same code, both languages can be used to achieve the same results, and formatted results will look identical.

Z

z/OS UNIX System Services. z/OS services that support an environment in which operating sys-tems, servers, distributed systems, and workstations share common interfaces. z/OS UNIX System Ser-vices supports standard application development across multivendor systems


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! Index

A ACIF 1, 17 additive color mixing 17 Advanced Function Presentation 17 AFP 17 AFP Conversion and Indexing Facility 17 AFP resource library 1 AFPRM

debug version 10 examples 8

compiling individual resources 8 font extraction 8 merging two resource libraries 8 resource library for a document 8 versioning a resource library 9

functioning 3 installation 2 parameter 5 return codes 7 trace support 10

All Points Addressability 17 American Standards Code for Information Interchange 17 APA 17 API 17 Application Programming Interface 17 archiving system 17 ASCII 17 attachment 17

B barcode 17 batch 17 batch environment 17 batch printing 18 bitmap 18

C Cascading Style Sheet 18 character increment 18 character set 18 CMYK 18 code page 18 COLD 18 Comma Separated Values 18 concertina fold 18 copy group 18 CPTRACE 10 CSS 18 CSV 18

D data mining 19 database trigger 18 DCA 19 DCF 19 distributed output management 19 DMS 19 Document Composition Facility 19 Document Content Architecture 19

Document Management System 19 Document Object Model 19 DOM 19 dpi 19

E EBCDIC 19 EDMS 19 Electronic Document Management System 19 Encapsulated PostScript 19 encoding scheme 19 EPS 19 Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code 19

G GIF 19 glyph 20 grammage 20 Graphical Interchange Format 19 grayscale 23

I ICR 20 Image Object Content Architecture 20 installation 2 Intelligent Character Recognition 20 introduction 1 IOCA 20

J Java 20 Java Development Kit 20 JDK 20 JPEG 20

L LZW 20

M medium map 21 meta data 21 MICR 21 Mixed Object Document Content Architecture 21 MO:DCA 21

N NOP 21

O OCR 21 OMR 21 Optical Character Recognition 21 Optical Mark Recognition 21 OTF 21 output library 3 Output Text Format 21 Overlay 21


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P page group 21 page segment 22 parameter

charset 6 codedfont 6 codepage 6 docref 6 exclude 4 exlude 6 extcf 6 extch 6 extcp 6 extfd 6 extov 6 extps 6 formdef 6 ignore 4, 6 list 4, 6 output 6 overlay 6 pageseg 6 path 6 reslib 6 resref 6 z 4, 6

Partitioned Data Set 21 PCL 22 PCX 22 PDF/A 22 PDS 21 pixel 22 PNG 22 PostScript 22 Presentation Text Object Content Architecture 23 Print Services Facility 22 PSF 22 PTOCA 23

R raster image 23 registry entry 2 repository 23 resource list 3

definition 3 resource object 3

file system search 4 searching sequence 3 upper and lower case 4

resource type 1 RGB 23

S SAP Generic Output Format 23 SAPGOF 23 SAX 23 scale-to-gray 23 serif 23 SGML 23 spooling 23 spot color 23 SQL 24 subtractive color synthesis 24 SVG 24

T TGA 24 TIFF 24 true color 24 Truetype 24 twip 24 typeface 24

U UCA 24 Under Color Addition 24 Unicode 25

V vector graphic 25

X XML 25 XSL-FO 25

Z z/OS UNIX System Services 25

Documents

AFP Resource Manager Manual En