Upload
kellie-kelly
View
221
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
• AFIS
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Soul (spirit) - Avicenna and Ibn al-Nafis
1 Following Aristotle, the Muslim philosophers Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and
Ibn al-Nafis, further elaborated on the Aristotelianism|Aristotelian understanding of the soul and
developed their own theories on the soul
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Soul (spirit) - Avicenna and Ibn al-Nafis
1 While he was imprisoned, Avicenna wrote his famous Floating Man
thought experiment to demonstrate human self-awareness and the
substantiality of the soul
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Soul (spirit) - Avicenna and Ibn al-Nafis
1 Ibn al-Nafis concluded that the soul is related primarily neither to the spirit nor to any organ, but rather to the
entire matter whose temperament is prepared to receive that soul, and he
defined the soul as nothing other than what a human indicates by saying I (pronoun)|'I'.Nahyan A
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish
1 The zebrafish is also an important vertebrate model organism in scientific research
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Taxonomy
1 The zebrafish is a derived trait|derived member of the genus Danio, of the family Cyprinidae. It has a cladistics|sister-group relationship with Danio kyathit. Zebrafish
are also closely related to the genus Devario, as demonstrated by a phylogenetic
tree of close species. The zebrafish was referred to in scientific literature as
Brachydanio rerio for many years until its reassignment to the genus Danio.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Distribution
1 Zebrafish have been introduced species|introduced to parts of the
United States, presumably by deliberate release or by escape from
fish farms.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Description
1 The zebrafish can grow to in length, although it seldom grows larger than in captivity
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Reproduction
1 The approximate generation time for Danio rerio is three to four months. A male must be present for ovulation and spawn (biology)|spawning to
occur. Females are able to spawn at intervals of two to three days, laying hundreds of eggs in
each clutch (eggs)|clutch. Upon release, embryonic development begins; absent sperm, growth stops after the first few cell divisions. Fertilized eggs almost immediately become
transparent, a characteristic that makes D. rerio a convenient research model species.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Reproduction
1 The zebrafish embryo develops rapidly – precursors to all major organs appear within 36 hours of fertilization, and hatching takes place 12–36 hours later, depending on the
embryo's internal conditions and the external temperature, which is ideally . Swimming and feeding behavior begin
about 36 hours later. The sex of juveniles cannot be distinguished except by
dissection, and sex determinants are not clearly understood.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Reproduction
1 Male zebrafish are furthermore known to respond to more
pronounced markings on females, i.e., good stripes, but in a group, males will mate with whichever
females they can find
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Feeding
1 Zebrafish are omnivorous, primarily eating zooplankton, insects, insect
larvae, and phytoplankton, although they can eat a variety of other foods,
such as worms and small crustaceans, if their preferred food sources are not readily available.
Most zebrafish accept common food flakes and tubifex worms in the
aquarium.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Aquarium care
1 Zebrafish are hardy fish and considered good for
beginner aquarists
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Strains
1 In late 2003, transgenic zebrafish that express green fluorescent protein|green, red, and yellow fluorescent proteins became
commercially available in the United States. The fluorescent strains are
tradenamed GloFish; other cultivated varieties include 'golden', 'sandy',
'longfin' and 'leopard'.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Strains
1 The leopard danio, previously known as Danio frankei, is a spotted colour
morph (zoology)|morph of the zebrafish which arose due to a
pigment mutation. Xanthochromism|Xanthistic forms of both the zebra
and leopard pattern, along with long-finned subspecies, have been
obtained via selective breeding programs for the aquarium trade.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Wild-type strains
1 The Zebra Fish Information Network (ZFIN) provides up-to-date
information about current known wild-type (WT) strains of D. rerio, some of which are listed below.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Wild-type strains
1 *Tupfel long fin nacre (TLN)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Hybrids
1 Hybrids between different Danio species may be fertile: for example,
between D. rerio and D. nigrofasciatus.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - In scientific research
1 The fish has a dedicated online database of genetic, genomic, and
developmental information, the Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - In scientific research
1 Research with D. rerio has yielded advances in the fields of
developmental biology, oncology, toxicology, reproductive studies,
teratology, genetics, neurobiology, environmental sciences, stem cell
research and regenerative medicine, and evolutionary theory.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Model characteristics
1 As a model biological system, the zebrafish possesses numerous advantages for scientists.
Its genome has been whole genome sequencing|fully sequenced, and it has well-understood, easily observable and testable
developmental behaviors. Its embryogenesis|embryonic development is very rapid, and its
embryos are relatively large, robust, and transparent, and able to develop outside their
mother. Furthermore, well-characterized mutant strains are readily available.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Model characteristics
1 Other advantages include the species' nearly constant size during early
development, which enables simple staining techniques to be used, and the fact that its
two-celled embryo can be fused into a single cell to create a homozygous embryo. The zebrafish is also demonstrably similar
to mammalian models and humans in toxicity testing, and exhibits a diurnal sleep cycle with similarities to mammalian sleep
behavior.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Regeneration
1 Zebrafish have the ability to Regeneration (biology)|regenerate their fins, skin, heart
and, in larval stages, brain. Zebrafish heart muscle regeneration does not make use of
stem cells; instead, mature heart muscle cells regress to a stem cell-like state and
redifferentiate. In 2011, the British Heart Foundation ran an advertising campaign publicising their intention to study the
applicability of this ability to humans, by raising £50 million in research funding.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Regeneration
1 In 2012, Australian scientists published a study revealing that
zebrafish use a specialised protein, known as fibroblast growth factor, to ensure their spinal cords heal without
glial scarring after injury.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Regeneration
1 Researchers have also studied the zebrafish to gain new insights into
the complexities of human musculoskeletal diseases, such as
muscular dystrophy.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Gene expression
1 Due to their short lifecycles and relatively large clutch sizes, zebrafish
are a useful model for genetic studies
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Gene expression
1 Despite the complications of the zebrafish genome, a number of commercially available global
platforms exist for analysis of both gene expression by expression
profiling|microarrays and promoter regulation using ChIP-on-chip.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Genome sequencing
1 The zebrafish reference genome sequence is annotated as part of the
Ensembl [http://www.ensembl.org/Danio_rerio/Info/Index project], and is maintained
by the Genome Reference Consortium.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Genome sequencing
1 in 2013.[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature1211
1.html The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its
relationship to the human genome]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Mitochondrial DNA
1 In October 2001, researchers from the University of
Oklahoma published D
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Pigmentation genes
1 In December 2005, a study of the golden strain identified the gene responsible for its
unusual pigmentation as SLC24A5, a Solution|solute carrier that appeared to be
required for melanin production, and confirmed its function with a Morpholino knockdown. The Orthologue|orthologous
gene was then characterized in humans and a one base pair difference was found to
strongly segregate fair-skinned Europeans and dark-skinned Africans.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Transgenesis
1 Transgenesis is a popular approach to study the function of genes in
zebrafish. Construction of transgenic zebrafish is rather easy by a method
using the Tol2 transposon system.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Transparent adult bodies
1 In January 2013, Japanese scientists genetically modified a transparent zebrafish specimen to produce a
visible glow during periods of intense brain activity, allowing the fish's
thoughts to be recorded as specific regions of its brain lit up in response
to external stimuli.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Use in environmental monitoring
1 In January 2007, Chinese researchers at Fudan University genetically
modified zebrafish to detect oestrogen pollution in lakes and rivers, which is linked to male
infertility.Song Houyan and Zhong Tao, professors at Fudan's molecular
medicine lab, spent three years cloning estrogen-sensitive genes and injecting them into the fertile eggs of
zebrafishhttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Cancer
1 Zebrafish have been used to make several transgenic models of cancer,
including melanoma, leukemia, pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular
carcinoma.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Melanoma
1 One gene, SETDB1, markedly accelerated tumor formation in the zebrafish system, demonstrating its
importance as a new melanoma oncogene
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Cardiovascular disease
1 In cardiovascular research, the zebrafish has been used to model
Coagulation|blood clotting, Angiogenesis|blood vessel
development, heart failure, and congenital heart defect|congenital
heart and kidney disease.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Immune system
1 In programmes of research into acute inflammation, a major underpinning
process in many diseases, researchers have established a
zebrafish model of inflammation, and its resolution. This approach allows
detailed study of the genetic controls of inflammation and the possibility of
identifying potential new drugs.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Repairing retinal damage
1 Zebrafish, in addition to certain other teleost fish, are particularly noted for having extreme precision of cone cell
arrangement.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Repairing retinal damage
1 In 2007, researchers at University College London grew a type of
zebrafish adult stem cell found in the eyes of fish and mammals that
develops into neurons in the retina
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Zebrafish - Drug discovery
1 As demonstrated through ongoing research programmes, the zebrafish model enables researchers not only to identify genes that might underlie human disease, but also to develop
novel therapeutic agents in drug discovery programmes. Zebrafish
embryos have proven to be a rapid, cost-efficient, and reliable Teratogen|
teratology assay model.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Genetically modified fish - Zebrafish
1 Zebrafish can mature up to 6.4 centimeters in the wild, but usually it is rare for them to mature beyond 4”
in captivity.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish
1 'A Perfect Day for Bananafish' is a short
story by J
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish
1 When twenty-eight-year-old Salinger submitted the manuscript to The New Yorker
in January 1947, titled The Bananafish,Slawenski, 2010, p. 158 its
arresting dialog and precise styleSlawenski, 2010, p. 158-159 was read with interest by fiction editor William Keepers Maxwell, Jr.|William Maxwell and his staff, though the point of the story, in this original version, was deemed incomprehensible.Slawenski,
2010, p. 159
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish
1 124 The New Yorker published the final version as “A Perfect Day for
Bananafish” one year after Salinger had first submitted the
manuscript.Slawenski, 2010, p
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish
1 The effort was met with immediate acclaim, and according to Salinger biographer Paul
Alexander, it was the story that would permanently change his standing in the
literary community.”Alexander, 1999, p. 124 Salinger’s decision to collaborate with Maxwell and The New Yorker staff in
developing the story marked a major advance in his careerSlawenski, 2010, p. 159, p. 168 and led to his entry into that echelon of elite writers at the journal.Slawenski, 2010, p. 168
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - Plot summary
1 The story opens in an upscale seaside hotel room in Florida. A young woman, Muriel
Glass, is preening herself while waiting for the hotel switchboard operator to put a long-distance phone call through to her
mother. Self-absorbed and complacent, she is “a girl who for the ringing of a phone
dropped exactly nothing. She looked as if her phone had been ringing continually
since she reached puberty.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - Plot summary
1 Speaking with her mother, the central topic is Muriel’s young
husband, Seymour, a World War II combat veteran recently discharged from an Army hospital, where he was presumably evaluated for psychiatric
disorders.Salinger, 1948, p
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - Plot summary
1 The scene switches to the beachfront area reserved for
hotel clientele
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - Plot summary
1 There, the two engage in an intriguing conversation, while Seymour prepares to go for a swim.Slawenski, 2010. Sybil selfishly
reproaches Seymour for permitting another little girl, the “three and a half” year old
Sharon Lipschutz Salinger, 1948, p. 14 to sit with him while he entertained guests
performing on the lounge piano previous nights.Salinger, 1948, p. 7 Seymour, with
mock-seriousness, attempts to placate the spoiled child, but to no avail.Salinger, 1948.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - Plot summary
1 16 The child, unfazed by the story, claims that she sees a bananafish – “six” bananas in its mouth.Salinger,
1948, p
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - Plot summary
1 Seymour returns to the hotel, where his wife is taking a nap. He retrieves a pistol from his luggage and takes his own life.Salinger, 1948, p. 18
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - Analysis
1 Like the eldest son of the Glass family, Salinger was deeply affected by his
experiences as a combat soldier in WWII, and these informed his writing.Bailey, 2011 Kenneth Slawenski reports that Salinger, in his Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An
Introduction|Seymour – An Introduction (1959), confesses that the young man in Bananafish “was not Seymour at all but..
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - Analysis
1 Children figure prominently in Salinger’s works.Slawenski, 2010, p. 172 Seymour’s sympathetic and affectionate interaction
with children is contrasted with the detached and phony behavior of
adults.Slawenski, 2010, p. 161 In the aftermath of his interlude with Sybil,
Seymour “has drawn his own conclusions regarding the makeup of human beings and
the world around him” and commits suicide.Slawenski, 2010, p. 161
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land and Bananafish
1 Salinger quotes a verse from the poem The Waste Land by poet T. S.
Eliot in the following exchange between Seymour and Sybil,
regarding the little girl’s young rival, Sharon Lipschutz:
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land and Bananafish
1 “Ah, Sharon Lipschutz”, said the young man. “How that name comes up. Mixing memory and desire.” He
suddenly got to his feet. He looked at the ocean. “Sybil,” he said, “I’ll tell
you what we’ll do. We’ll see if we can catch a bananafish.”
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land and Bananafish
1 The stanza that contains the verse is from Section I of The Waste Land – “The Burial of
the Dead”:
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land and Bananafish
1 The Burial of the Dead begins with an excerpt from Petronius Arbiter’s
Satyricon, which reads: “For once I saw with my own eyes the Cumean Sibyl hanging in a jar, and when the boys asked her, ‘Sibyl, what do you
want?’ she answered, ‘I want to die.’”
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
A Perfect Day for Bananafish - T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land and Bananafish
1 Slawenski argues that Salinger’s choice of the name Cumaean Sibyl|Sybil for the little girl establishes an “unmistakable” correlation between
Eliot’s depiction of the Cumaean Sybil of Greek myth and Seymour’s story of the bananafish.Slawenski, 2010, p. 161 The bananafish are
“doomed by greed” and thus share the fate of Eliot’s Sybil, “cursed by relentless existence.” Slawenski,
2010, p. 161
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafi movement - Contemporary Salafism
1 Salafism is attractive to its adherents because it underscores Islam's universality.Daniel
Benjamin and Steven Simon, The Next Attack, page 55. ISBN 0-8050-7941-6. It insists on
affirmation of the literal truth as understood by its apparent meaning of Qur'anic scripture and
Hadeeth, yet may challenge secularism by appropriating secularism's traditional role of defending the socially and politically weak against the powerful.Hassan Hanafi, Brief
History of Islam, pp.258–259. ISBN 1-4051-0900-9.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafi movement - Contemporary Salafism
1 There have been several Salafi movements attempting to challenge the stereotypes
widely adopted by societies that often lead to profiling and discriminating against those who embrace the Salafi belief and lifestyle.
Costa Salafis founded in 2011 by Mohammad Tolba is one of the groups that
aim at bridging gaps with others from different backgrounds and beliefs and is
increasingly becoming a media favorite in Egypt. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafi movement - Trends sometimes associated with Salafism
1 DeLong-Bas, in Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad, Salafism can be divided
into three trends, one focusing on education and missionary work to solidify the tawhid prior to any
political movement (sometimes called Madkhalism); another focusing on re-establishing a caliphate through the means of evolution, but
not violence (sometimes called Salafist activism); and a third sharing similar political goals as the
second group, but engaging in violent Jihad (sometimes called Salafi jihadism and/or
Qutbism).()
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafi movement - Salafist activism
1 Due to numerical superiority, the movement has been referred to the
mainstream of the Salafist movement at times
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafi movement - Salafist jihadism
1 However, those who take their actions beyond the limits of the
shari'ah (such as terrorist attacks against civilians) are seen as deviant
and not true Salafis.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafi movement - Salafist jihadism
1 Hafez distinguished them from apolitical and conservative Salafi scholars (such as Muhammad
Nasiruddin al-Albani, Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen, Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd Allah ibn Baaz and Abdul-Azeez
ibn Abdullaah Aal ash-Shaikh), but also from the sahwa movement associated with Salman al-Ouda or Safar Al-Hawali.[http://books.google.com/books?id=0I8m2CnuVooCpg=PA64lpg=PA64dq=jihadi+sal
afisource=webots=-uRRlodXq6sig=h0t6mf-YhrR9nbpCshqaZXHgY3ohl=ensa=Xoi=book_resultr
esnum=4ct=result Suicide Bombers in Iraq By Mohammed M
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafi movement - Salafist jihadism
1 An analysis of the Caucasus Emirate, a Salafi jihadist group was made in 2014 by Darion Rhodes.Darion Rhodes, [http://www.ict.org.il/Article/132/Salafist-
Takfiri%20Jihadism%20the%20Ideology%20of%20the%20Caucasus%20Emirate Salafist-Takfiri Jihadism: the Ideology of the Caucasus Emirate],
International Institute for Counter-terrorism, March 2014 It analyzes the group's strict observance of
tawhid and its rejection of Shirk (Islam)|shirk, taqlid, ijtihad, and bid'ah, while believing that jihad is the
only way to advance the cause of Allah on the earth.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafi movement - Salafism in China
1 After the Communist Party of China|Communists took power, Salafis were
allowed to worship openly again.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafi movement - German government's statement on Salafism
1 The statements by German government officials criticizing Salafism were televised by Deutsche
Welle during April 2012.[http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,15935366,0
0.html Deutsche Welle article of May 8, 2012 regarding Salafism and its adherents' activities in
Germany (English)] [http://www.pipeline.de/www/index.php?
kat=10artikel=110085213red=1ausgabe= Online Pipeline German news agency article from July 17,
2012 on the German government's view of Salafist extremism]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Former Salafist states in Afghanistan
1 Various 'Salafist states' appeared during Afghanistan's Soviet-Afghan
War|war with the Soviets and following War in Afghanistan (1978–
present)|period of civil war. The Salafist ideology was disseminated in Afghanistan by Saudi supporters of the Afghan resistance, who required
ideological conformity from the Afghans in exchange for aid.Victory
Point, pg 69https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Former Salafist states in Afghanistan
1 Salafists in Afghanistan's northeast were greatly influenced by the Saudi-
financed madrassas in Pakistan, particularly the Panjpiri madrassas based around the town of Panjpir, Swabi District in Pakistan.Victory
Point, pg 70
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Former Salafist states in Afghanistan - Salafist mini-states
1 Several prominent men among the Salafist converts returned to
Afghanistan and formed small localised states with fellow Afghan
Salafists, often again with the aid of foreign backers.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Former Salafist states in Afghanistan - Salafist mini-states
1 *In Nuristan province, Mawlawi Afzal formed the Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Former Salafist states in Afghanistan - Salafist mini-states
1 *In Konar province, Jamil al-Rahman, a former Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin member, broke from his party and
formed a mini-state around his new organisation Jama'at-e Da'wa
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Former Salafist states in Afghanistan - Salafist mini-states
1 The failure of political Islam, pg
119 (mention of all three states)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Former Salafist states in Afghanistan - Sources
1 * Ed Darack. Victory Point: Operations Red Wings and Whalers - The Marine Corps' Battle for Freedom in Afghanistan. Penguin Group, 2009.
ISBN 0-425-22619-0, ISBN 978-0-425-22619-3.[http://books.google.co
m/books?id=9wbfoHmE5SgCpg=PA70lpg=PA70dq=mawlawi+afzalsource=blots=_rvtqHVX_Esig=NJPsQwJix_GIKXHqLkiq
9sqA4cghl=enei=-u0bS8eAEYHdlAeR77zxCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=7ved=0CBkQ6AEwBg#v=onepageq=mawlawi
%20afzalf=false]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Former Salafist states in Afghanistan - Sources
1 * Olivier Roy, Carol Volk. The failure of political Islam. Harvard University
Press, 1996. ISBN 0-674-29141-7, ISBN
978-0-674-29141-6.[http://books.google.com/books?
id=YEGw8S3ovaoCpg=PA119dq=Mawlawi+Shariqiclient=firefox-a#v=onepageq=Mawlawi
%20Shariqif=false]https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Stavros Sarafis
1 'Stavros Sarafis' (born November 23, 1950) is a retired football player, who List of one-club men|spent his entire career in PAOK FC of Thessaloniki,
playing as a forward. He is one of the club's most famous players and also the all-time top scorer. His nickname
was Kaisaras (Caesar).
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Stavros Sarafis
1 Sarafis was born in Epanomi, in the outskirts of Thessaloniki in 1950
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Stavros Sarafis
1 Sarafis played 32 games for the Greek national side between 1969
and 1977, scoring 7 goals.[http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/grk-recintlp.html List of Greek
internationals, rsssf.com]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Stavros Sarafis - Honours
1 *'Super League Greece|Greek Championship'
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb - As Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat
1 The Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) was founded by Hassan Hattab, a former Armed
Islamic Group (GIA) regional commander who broke with the GIA in 1998 in protest over the List of Algerian massacres of the 1990s|
GIA's slaughter of civilians
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb - As Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat
1 In September 2003, it was reported that Hattab had been deposed as
national emir of the GSPC and replaced by Nabil Sahraoui (Sheikh Abou Ibrahim Mustapha), a 39 year-old former GIA commander who was
subsequently reported to have pledged GSPC's allegiance to al-
Qaeda,[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3207363.stm Algerian group backs al-Qaeda], BBC News, 23
October 2003 a step which Hattab had
opposed.[http://www.asharqalawsat.com/english/news.asp?
section=3id=2212 Interview with the Former Leader of the Salafist Group
for Call and Combat], Asharq Al-Awsat|Ash-Sharq al-Awsat, 17
October 2005 Following the death of Sahraoui in June 2004, Abu Musab
Abdel Wadoud became the leader of the
GSPC.[http://www.globalterroralert.com/pdf/1205/gspc1205.pdf Interview
with Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud, commander of the GSPC], 26
September 2005 (globalterroralert.com website) (pdf) Abdelmadjid Dichou is also reported
to have headed the group.[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Terrorist#Salafist Salafist Group for
Preaching and Combat (GSPC)], Terrorist Organizations, World
Statesman
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb - As Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat
1 A splinter or separate branch of Hattab's group, the 'Free Salafist
Group' (GSL), headed by Amari Saifi|El Para, was linked to the kidnapping of 32 European tourists in Algeria in
early 2003
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb - As Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat
1 By March 2005, it was reported that the GSPC may be prepared to give up
the armed struggle in Algeria and accept the government's
reconciliation initiative.Georges Rassi, End of Insurgency, al-
Mustaqbal, as reported in MidEast Mirror, 24 March 2005
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Segmentation (biology) - Chordates: Zebrafish
1 Although perhaps not as well studied as Drosophila, segmentation in
zebrafish is actively studied. The process is similar in zebrafish and
other chordates, such as the chicken and the mouse. Segmentation in chordates is characterized as the formation of a pair of somites on either side of the midline. This is
often referred to as somitogenesis.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Segmentation (biology) - Chordates: Zebrafish
1 In the zebrafish, segmentation is coordinated by the “clock and
wavefront.” The “clock” refers to the periodic oscillation of specific genes,
such as Her1, a hairy/Enhancer of split- gene
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
TBR1 - Zebrafish
1 Studies in the zebrafish Danio rerio show that TBR1 is highly conserved across
species. TBR1 cDNA clones from zebrafish were acquired by screening a zebrafish
embryo using a phosphorus labeled probe. The TBR1 found in zebrafish (zf-TBR1) has 83-97% amino acid identity to orthologs in
humans (hu-TBR1), xenopus (x-EOMES), and mice (mu-TBR1). The zebrafish TBR1 is only
expressed in the forebrain, not in other regions of the zebrafish embryo.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism - Appendix III: Salafism in Major Sunni Muslim Majority Countries
1 Salafism is defined as the belief that society should be organized
according to the Quran and Sunna only (269)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Madasafish
1 'Madasafish' is an Internet Service Provider (ISP) based in Sheffield and a wholly owned subsidiary of the BT
Group.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Madasafish - History
1 The company was created as part of the Brightview Group in April 2001
and bought by BT in July 2007.[http://www.broadband-finder.co.uk/n
ews/bt/bt-buys-madasafish-operator_18203395.html BT buys Madasafish operator] Broadband
Finder. 6 July 2007
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Madasafish - History
1 Totalise (of Totalise plc v Motley Fool Ltd) became part of Madasafish in
2006.[http://www.broadbandwatchdog.co.uk/totalise-broadband.php
Totalise Broadband] via broadbandwatchdog.co.uk, accessed
2010 5 31
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Souls - Avicenna and Ibn al-Nafis
1 Following Aristotle, the Persian Muslim philosophers Avicenna (Ibn
Sina) and Ibn al-Nafis, further elaborated on the Aristotelianism|
Aristotelian understanding of the soul and developed their own theories on
the soul
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
PolyGram - Philips Phonografische Industrie (PPI), 1950-1962
1 In the 1940s, the record business was spread out within Philips:
research in the Eindhoven labs, development elsewhere in
Eindhoven, recording in Hilversum, manufacturing in Doetinchem,
distribution from Amsterdam and exports from Eindhoven. During the
late 1940s, Philips combined its various music businesses into 'Philips
Phonografische Industrie' ('PPI'), a wholly owned subsidiary.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
PolyGram - Philips Phonografische Industrie (PPI), 1950-1962
1 PPI's early growth was based on alliances. A merger was first
proposed with Decca of London in late 1945, but was rejected by
Edward Lewis (Decca)|Edward Lewis, Decca's owner. (PolyGram finally
acquired Decca in 1979.)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
PolyGram - Philips Phonografische Industrie (PPI), 1950-1962
1 In the early 1950s, Philips set itself the goal of making PPI the largest record company in
Europe.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
PolyGram - Philips Phonografische Industrie (PPI), 1950-1962
1 PPI's second attempt at a merger was with Deutsche Grammophon
Gesellschaft (DGG). DGG, owned by Siemens AG and well known for its classical repertoire, had been the German licensee for Decca from 1935. DGG also owned Polydor
Records.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
PolyGram - Philips Phonografische Industrie (PPI), 1950-1962
1 Shortly after PPI was founded it had made a formal alliance with DGG to manufacture each other's records,
coordinate releases and not to poach each other's artists or bid against each other for new talent. PPI and
DGG finally merged in 1962.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
PolyGram - Philips Phonografische Industrie (PPI), 1950-1962
1 The alliance with DGG still left PPI without
repertoire in Britain or the US
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
PolyGram - Philips Phonografische Industrie (PPI), 1950-1962
1 PPI built or bought factories in smaller countries. In 1962, PPI had a large factory in Baarn and factories
in France, Britain, Denmark, Norway, Spain, Italy, Egypt, Nigeria and
Brazil.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
PolyGram - Philips Phonografische Industrie (PPI), 1950-1962
1 PPI played an important role in the introduction of the long-playing vinyl
record to Europe. Columbia introduced their gramophone record|
LP record in 1948 and Philips presented its first LP at a record
retailers' convention in 1949. Philips' commitment to LP technology was an
important factor in its 1951-1961 deal with Columbia.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis
1 'Ala-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi' (Arabic:
حزم أبي بن dعلي الحسن أبو الدين عالءالدمشقي -known as 'Ibn al ,( القرشي
Nafis' (Arabic: النفيس was an ,( ابنArab physician who is mostly famous
for being the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of the blood.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis
1 He was born in 1213 in Damascus. He attended the Medical College Hospital (Bimaristan Al-Noori) in
Damascus. Apart from medicine, Ibn al-Nafis learned jurisprudence,
literature and theology. He became an expert on the Shafi'i school of
jurisprudence and an expert physician.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1390327/?page=2
A FORGOTTEN CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF THE CIRCULATION OF
THE BLOOD - Nih.gov]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis
1 In 1236, Al-Nafis moved to Egypt. He worked at the Al-Nassri Hospital, and
subsequently at the Al-Mansouri Hospital, where he became chief of
physicians and the Sultan’s personal physician. When he died in 1288, he donated his house, library and clinic
to the Mansuriya Hospital.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Writings
1 The most voluminous of his books is Al-Shamil fi al-Tibb, which was planned to be an encyclopedia
comprising 300 volumes, but was not completed as a result of his death.
The manuscript is available in Damascus.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Writings
1 His book on ophthalmology is largely an original contribution. His most
famous book is The Summary of Law (Mujaz al-Qanun). Another famous
book, embodying his original contribution, was on the effects of diet on health, entitled Kitab al-
Mukhtar fi al-Aghdhiya.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Writings
1 His Al-Risalah al-Kamiliyyah fil Siera al-Nabawiyyah, translated in the West under the title Theologus
Autodidactus, has been argued to be both the first Philosophical novel|
theological novel and the first science fiction novel.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Writings
1 He also wrote a number of commentaries on the topics of law and medicine. His commentaries include one on Hippocrates' book, and several volumes on Avicenna's
The Canon of Medicine. Additionally, he wrote a commentary on Hunayn
Ibn Ishaq's book.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation
1 In 1924, an Egyptian physician, Muhyo Al-Deen Altawi, discovered a
script titled, Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon in the Prussian State Library in Berlin while studying the history of Arab Medicine
at the medical faculty of Albert Ludwig’s University in Germany
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation
1 The most commonly accepted theory of heart performance prior to Al-Nafis was that of Galen. Galen taught that the blood reaching the right side of
the heart went through invisible pores in the cardiac septum, to the
left side of the heart, where it mixed with air to create spirit, and was then distributed to the body. According to
Galen's views, the venous system was quite separate from the arterial system, except when they came in contact through the unseen pores.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation
1 the blood from the right chamber of the heart must arrive at the left chamber but there is no direct
pathway between them
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation
1 The heart has only two ventricle (heart)|ventricles ...and between these two there is absolutely no
opening. Also dissection gives this lie to what they said, as the septum
between these two cavities is much thicker than elsewhere. The benefit
of this blood (that is in the right cavity) is to go up to the lungs, mix with what is in the lungs of air, then pass through the arteria venosa to the left cavity of the two cavities of
the heart and of that mixture is created the animal spirit.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation
1 In describing the anatomy of the lungs, Al-Nafis said:
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation
1 The lungs are composed of parts, one of which is the bronchi; the
second, the branches of the arteria venosa; and the third, the branches
of the vena arteriosa, all of them connected by loose porous flesh.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation
1 the need of the lungs for the vena arteriosa is to transport to it the blood that has been thinned and
warmed in the heart, so that what seeps through the pores of the branches of this vessel into the
alveoli of the lungs may mix with what there is of air therein and combine with it, the resultant
composite becoming fit to be spirit, when this mixing takes place in the
left cavity of the heart
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation
1 Al-Nafis also postulated that nutrients for heart are extracted from the coronary
arteries:
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Ibn al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation
1 again his (Avicenna's) statement that the blood that is in the right side is to nourish the heart is not true at all, for the nourishment to the heart is from
the blood that goes through the vessels that permeate the body of
the heart.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Islam in Africa - Salafism
1 Academic scholarships to study in Islamic universities in the Middle East are also offered to further Salafism.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska
1 'Fotografiska' (The Swedish Museum of Photography) is a centre for
contemporary photography located in Stockholm, Sweden that opened
on 21 May 2010.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Details
1 Fotografiska has 5500 m2 of exhibition spaces, an academy,
bistro, café, bar, conference rooms, museum shop, gallery, and event
spaces.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Details
1 Fotografiska is housed at Stadsgården, in a former industrial Art Nouveau style
building dating from 1906. Designed by Ferdinand Boberg, the building was used as a customs house, and is listed as a building
of cultural interest. The original brick facade of is intact, while the interiors have been renovated to house the museum. The
city of Stockholm has funded the 250 million Swedish crowns restoration costs.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Joel-Peter Witkin, Bodies, May 21 - August 22, 2010.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Vee Speers, The Birthday Party, May 21 - September 5,
2010.[http://en.fotografiska.eu/The-Museum/Previous-Exhibitions/The-
Birthday-Party], Fotografiska.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Sandy Skoglund, The Artificial Mirror, September 10 -
November 6, 2010.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Pieter ten Hoopen, Stockholm, September 10 - November 28, 2010.[http://fotografiska.eu/Museet/Tidigar
e-utstaellningar/Stockholm], Fotografiska.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Fashion!, September 24, 2010 - January 9,
2011.[http://en.fotografiska.eu/The-Museum/Previous-Exhibitions/Fashion
], Fotografiska.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Hanna Ljung, How to Civilize a War, November 9 - December
7, 2010.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Gus Van Sant, One Step Big Shot, November 9 - December
5, 2010.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Nils Olof Hedenskog Joakim Brolin, Creeping in Circles, January 14 - March 3, 2011.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Jean-Marie Simon, Guatemala. Eternal Spring - Eternal Tyranny, February 10 - March 6,
2011.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Sarah Moon, 12345, January 14 - April 17,
2011.[http://en.fotografiska.eu/The-Museum/Previous-Exhibitions/12345],
Fotografiska.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Jonathan Torgovnik, Intended Consequences, March 8 - May 1, 2011.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Albert Watson (photographer)|Albert Watson, Retrospective, March 25 - June 12, 2011.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Burtynksy, Burtynsky/Oil, April 22 - June 26,
2011.[http://en.fotografiska.eu/The-Museum/Previous-Exhibitions/Burtyns
ky-OIL Edward], Fotografiska.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Eleanor Coppola, Circle of Memory, June 18 -
August 21, 2011
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Jacob Felländer, I Want To Live Close
To You, May 6 - August 28, 2011
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Jacqueline Hellmann, The Unbearable Lightness of Being, May 31 - August 21, 2011
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Liu Bolin, The Invisible Man, July 2 - September
18, 2011
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Peter Farago Ingela Klemetz-Farago, Northern Women in CHANEL, July 1 -
September 18, 2011
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Robert Mapplethorpe, Retrospective, June 17 -
October 3, 2011
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Aichi Hirano, ROLLS Tohoku March 31 – April
3, July 8 - October 9, 2011
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Fotografiska - Exhibitions
1 *Northern Future Forum gathering of UK, Nordic, Baltic prime ministers, February 8-9,
2012
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat
1 'Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb'
('AQIM';Watson, Bob
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat
1 The group has declared its intention to attack European (including
Spanish and French) and American targets. It has been designated as a U.S. State Department list of Foreign
Terrorist Organizations|Foreign Terrorist Organization by the United
States Department of State|U.S. Department of State, and similarly
classed as a terrorist organization by the European Union.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat
1 Membership is mostly drawn from the Algerian and local Saharan
communities (such as the Tuaregs and Berabiche tribal clans of
Mali),http://minerva.marinecorpsuniversity.org/wp-content/uploads/
2011/12/Al_Qaida_Body_LOWRES2.pdf as well
as Moroccans from city suburbs of the North African
country.[http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/newsbriefs/general/2012/12/26/
newsbrief-01 Morocco dismantles AQIM cell] Magharebia, 26 December 2012[http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/
features/2012/11/27/feature-01 Morocco dismantles terror
recruitment cell] Magharebia, 27 November
2012[http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2011/01/05/Morocco-nabs-
members-of-AQIM-cell/UPI-65581294251807/ Morocco nabs members of AQIM cell] Upi.com, 5 January 2011 The outfit has also
been suspected of having links with the Horn of Africa-based militant
group Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat
1 AQIM has focused on kidnap for ransom as a means of raising funds
and is estimated to have raised more than $50 million in the last decade.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Name
1 The groups official name is 'Organization of al-Qa’ida in the Land of the Islamic Maghreb' (Qaedat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Maghrib al-Islami), often shortened to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb ('AQIM'). Prior to January 2007 it was known as the Salafist Group for Preaching and
Combat ( ) and the French acronym GSPC (Groupe Salafiste pour la
Prédication et le Combat).https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - International links
1 Algerian officials and authorities from neighbouring countries have
speculated that the GSPC may be active outside Algeria
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - International links
1 Some observers, including Jeremy Keenan, have voiced doubts
regarding the GSPC's capacity to carry out large-scale attacks, such as
the one attributed to it in northeastern Mauritania during the
Flintlock 2005 military exercise.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4749357.stm US targets Sahara 'terrorist
haven'], BBC News, 8 August 2005 They suspect the involvement of
Algeria's Department of Intelligence and Security is an effort to improve Algeria's international standing as a
credible partner in the War on Terrorism, and to lure the United
States into the region.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - International links
1 As followers of a Qutbism|Qutbist strand of Salafist jihadism, the
members of the GSPC are thought to share al-Qaeda's general ideological
outlook
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - International links
1 Similar claims of links between the GSPC and Abu Musab Al Zarqawi in
Iraq[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archivesArea=iaID=IA33207 'The Al-Qaeda Organization in the
Islamic Maghreb': The Evolving Terrorist Presence in North Africa], Inquiry and Analysis, Middle East Media Research Institute, 7 March
2007https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - International links
1 In 2005, after years of absence, the United States showed renewed
military interest in the region[http://allafrica.com/stories/20
0404150758.html General Sees Expanding Strategic Role for U.S
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - International links
1 Observers say that the region's governments have much to gain
from associating[http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200606080719.html Un Marocain
arrêté en Mauritanie pour terrorisme], La Libération
(Casablanca), 8 June 2006 local armed movements and long-
established smuggling operations with al-Qaeda and the global War on
Terrorism
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - International links
1 In November 2007 Nigerian authorities arrested five men for
alleged possession of seven sticks of dynamite and other explosives.
Nigerian prosecutors alleged that three of the accused had trained for
two years with the then Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat in Algeria. In January 2008 the 2008
Dakar Rally|Dakar Rally was cancelled due to threats made by associated terrorist organizations.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - International links
1 In late 2011, the splinter group Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa was founded in order to spread jihadi activities further into West Africa. Their military leader is Omar Ould Hamaha, a former AQIM
fighter.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - International links
1 According to U.S
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - International links
1 In an Al Jazeera interview, AQIM commander Abderrahmane, alias
Abu Talha al Mauritanie|Talha claims from Timbuktu that his movement
went to Niger, Algeria, Burkina Faso and Nigeria, to organize cells of AQIM. He explains their strategy: There are many people who have
nothing, and you can reach them by the word of God, or by helping them.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Statements
1 According to London-based risk analysis firm Stirling Assynt, AQIM issued a call for vengeance against
Beijing for mistreatment of its Muslim minority following the July 2009
Ürümqi riots.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Statements
1 AQIM voiced support for 2010–2011 Tunisian protests|demonstrations against the Tunisian and Algerian
Governments in a video released on 13 January 2011
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Statements
1 AQIM has also endorsed efforts in Libya to 2011 Libyan civil war|topple
the regime of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, though it remains unclear
how many fighters in Libya are loyal to al-Qaeda. Gaddafi seized on the expression of support and help for the rebel movement to blame al-Qaeda for fomenting the uprising.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 23 November 2002: A group of Algerian soldiers are ambushed. Nine died and twelve
were wounded.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * February 2003: 32 European tourists are kidnapped. One died of
heat stroke, seventeen hostages were rescued by Algerian troops on
13 May 2003, and the remainder were released in August
2003.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3161833.stm
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 12 February 2004: Near Tighremt, Islamic extremists ambush a police patrol, killing seven police officers and wounding three others. The
assailants also seized firearms and three
vehicles.[http://wits.nctc.gov/ViewIncident.do?incidentId=6248 View
Incident]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 7 April 2005: In Tablat, Blida Province, armed assailants fire on five vehicles at a fake road block, killing 13 civilians, wounding one other and burning five vehicles.
[http://wits.nctc.gov/ViewIncident.do?incidentId=8101 View Incident]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 15 October 2006: In Sidi Medjahed, Ain Defla, assailants attack and kill
eight private security guards by unknown
means.[http://wits.nctc.gov/ViewIncident.do?incidentId=35660 View
Incident]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 11 April 2007: Two car bombs were detonated by the group. One was
close to the Prime Minister’s office in Algiers and the blast killed more than 30 people and wounded more than
150.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * February 2008: Two Austrians were captured in Tunisia and taken via
Algeria to Mali and freed later that year, the kidnappings were
attributed to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * December 2008: Two Canadian diplomats were taken hostage along
with their driver in south-western Niger while on official UN mission to
resolve a crisis in northern Niger. The driver was freed in Mali in March
2009. The diplomats were freed in Mali in April 2009. The kidnappings were attributed to Al-Qaeda in the
Islamic Maghrebhttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 22 January 2009: Four Westerners were kidnapped while visiting the Anderamboukane festival in Niger near the border with Mali. AQIM
demanded the British government release Abu Qatada, and on 31 May
2009 a statement was released claiming Edwyn Dyer had been
executed, which was confirmed by the British Prime Minister Gordon Brown on 3 June 2009. All of the other tourists were eventually
released.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 30 July 2009: At least 11 Algerian soldiers are killed in an ambush while escorting a military convoy outside the coastal town of Damous, near
Tipaza.[http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20090730/wl_africa_afp/algeriaunrest
Yahoo! Search – Web Search]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * March 2010: an Italian national, Sergio Cicala, and his wife are held
hostage. They were released on April 16,
2010.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8626306.stm
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 21 March 2010: Three militants are killed by security forces near El Ma Labiod, from
Tebessa.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 26 March 2010: Three militants are killed and another captured by
security forces in Ait Yahia Moussa, from Tizi Ouzou.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 14 April 2010: According to Algerian officials, at least ten
militants are killed during a counter-terrorist operation in Bordj Bou
Arréridj Province|Bordj Bou Arreridj wilaya.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 16 September 2010: seven employees from Areva and Vinci
(construction)|Vinci are kidnapped in Arlit, Niger (five French, one Togolan and one Malagasy). The capture was claimed on 21 September by AQIM in
a communiqué published in Al Jazeera. Three of the hostages were released on February 24, 2011. The other four were released on October
28, 2013.http://www.nytimes.com/2011/0
2/26/world/africa/26briefs-Niger.htmlhttp://www.cnn.com/
2013/10/29/world/europe/france-hostages-niger/
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 25 November 2011: Three Western tourists were abducted in Timbuktu,
including Sjaak Rijke from the Netherlands, Jorgen Gustafsson from Sweden and Stephen Malcolm from
the United Kingdom. A fourth tourist, from Germany, was killed when he
refused to cooperate with the perpetrators.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 9 December 2011: AQIM published two photos, showing five kidnapped persons of European descent. One of
the hostages was killed in March 2013. His body was found in July
2013.Agence Nouakchott d'Information (ANI) 9 December
2011http://www.aawsat.net/2013/04/article55297531http://www.bbc.co.uk
/news/world-africa-23322991https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat - Timeline of attacks
1 * 30 September 2013: AQIM claimed responsibility for a suicide car
bombing in Timbuktu that killed at least two
civilians.http://news.howzit.msn.com/al-qaedas-african-branch-claims-
mali-suicide-bombing-1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism
1 They are sometimes described as a variety of Salafi, and sometimes as separate from good Salafis whose movement is a precursor of Salafi
jihadism.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - Jihad
1 The beginnings of Jihad are traced back to the words and actions of
Muhammad and the Quran.Rudolph Peters, Jihād (The Oxford
Encyclopedia of the Islamic World); [http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com
/MainSearch.html Oxfordislamicstudies.]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - History and definition
1 Author and academic Gilles Kepel writes that the Salafis whom he
encountered in Europe in the 1980s were totally apolitical. But by the mid-1990s he met some who felt jihad in the form of violence and
terrorism was justified to realize their political objectives. The combination of Salafi movement|Salafi alienation
from all things non-Muslim—including mainstream European society—and
violent jihad created a volatile mixture.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - History and definition
1 When you're in the state of such alienation you become easy prey to
the jihadi guys who will feed you more savory propaganda than the
old propaganda of the Salafists who tell you to pray, fast and who are not
taking action.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - History and definition
1 According to Kepel, Salafist jihadism combined respect for the sacred texts in their most literal form, ... with an absolute commitment to
jihad, whose number-one target had to be America, perceived as the
greatest enemy of the faith.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - History and definition
1 Iyad El-Baghdadi describes Salafism as deeply divided into mainstream (government-approved, or Islahi)
Salafism, and Jihadi Salafism.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - History and definition
1 According to Mohammed M. Hafez, contemporary jihadi Salafism is characterized
by five features:
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - History and definition
1 * immense emphasis on the concept of tawhid
(unity of God);
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - History and definition
1 * God's sovereignty (hakimiyyat Allah), which defines right and
wrong, good and evil, and which supersedes human reasoning is
applicable in all places on earth and at all times, and makes unnecessary and un-Islamic other ideologies such
as liberalism or humanism;
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - History and definition
1 * the permissibility and necessity of takfir (the declaring of a Muslim to be outside the creed, so that they may
face execution);
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - History and definition
1 According to Michael Horowitz, Salafi jihad is an ideology that identifies the
alleged source of the Muslims’ conundrum in the persistent attacks and humiliation of Muslims on the part of an anti-Islamic alliance of
what it terms ‘Crusaders,’ ‘Zionists,’ and ‘apostates.’
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - History and definition
1 Al Jazeera journalist Jamal Al Sharif describes Salafi Jihadism as
combining the doctrinal content and approach of Salafism and
organisational models from Muslim Brotherhood organisations. Their motto emerged as ‘Salafism in
doctrine, modernity in confrontation’.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - History and definition
1 Antecedents of Salafism jihadism include Islamist author Sayyid Qutb,
who developed the intellectual underpinnings of the ideology. Qutb argued that the world had reached a crisis point and that the Islamic world
has been replaced by pagan ignorance of Jahiliyyah.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - History and definition
1 The group Takfir wal-Hijra, who kidnapped and murdered an
Egyptian ex-government minister in 1978, inspired some of the tactics and methods used by Al Qaeda.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - Leaders, groups and activities
1 Its leaders included Afghan jihad veterans such as the Palestinian Abu
Qatada, the Syrian Mustafa Setmariam Nasar, the Egyptian Mustapha Kamel, known as Abu
Hamza al-Masri and later Osama bin Laden. The dissident Saudi preachers Salman al-Ouda and Safar Al-Hawali,
were held in high esteem by this school.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - Leaders, groups and activities
1 According to Bruce Livesey Salafist jihadists are currently a burgeoning
presence in Europe, having attempted more than 30 terrorist
attacks among E.U
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - Leaders, groups and activities
1 According to Mohammed M. Hafez, in Iraq jihadi salafi are pursuing a
system-collapse strategy whose goal is to install an Islamic emirate based on Sunni dominance, similar to the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. In addition to occupation/coalition
personnel they target mainly Iraqi security forces and Shia civilians, but
also foreign journalists, translators and transport drivers and the
economic and physical infrastructure of Iraq.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - Leaders, groups and activities
1 In 2011, Salafi jihadists were actively involved with protests against King
Abdullah II of Jordan, and the kidnapping followed by a swift murder of Italian peace activist
Vittorio Arrigoni in Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - Groups
1 Terrorism Focus Volume: 4 Issue: 40, December 7, 2007, By: Anar Valiyev Jund Ansar Allah is, or was, an armed
Salafist jihadist organization in the Gaza Strip
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - Groups
1 They also believe in the complete separation between the Muslim and the non-Muslim, by
propagating Al Wala' Wal Bara' and declaring takfir against any Muslim who is a mushrik (polytheist)
and does not return to the observance of tawhid and the strict literal interpretation of the Quran and the Sunnah as followed by the Prophet Muhammad and
his companions (Sahaba).Darion Rhodes, [http://www.ict.org.il/Article/132/Salafist-Takfiri
%20Jihadism%20the%20Ideology%20of%20the%20Caucasus%20Emirate Salafist-Takfiri Jihadism:
the Ideology of the Caucasus Emirate], International Institute for Counter-Terrorism, March 2014
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - Groups
1 In Syria, the group Jabhat al-Nusra has been described as possessing a hard-line Salafi-Jihadist ideology and
being one of the most effective groups fighting the regime
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - Further reading
1 *Oliver, Haneef James. [http://www.masjidtawheedchicago.or
g/books/thewahabimyth.pdf The Wahabi Myth], Trafford, 2003, ISBN
1553953975, ISBN 978-1553953975 ([http://www.troid.ca/index.php/news/site-news-latest-updates/1570-help-
us-make-sacred-freedom-a-free-download-on-ibooks-and-kindle Free])
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Salafist jihadism - Further reading
1 *[http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8field-author=H.+J.
+Oliversearch-alias=bookstext=H.+J.+Oliversort=relevancerank Oliver],
Haneef James
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Animal cloning - Zebrafish
1 In 2009, Siripattarapravat et al. published, in the Nature Methods journal, a method for somatic cell
nuclear transfer in zebrafish.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Naming controversy: Wahhabis, Muwahhidun, and Salafis
1 According to Robert Lacey the Wahhabis have always disliked the
name customarily given to them and preferred to be called The People of
Monotheism|Muwahhidun (Unitarians). Another preferred term was simply Muslims since their creed
is pure Islam. However critics complain these terms imply non-Wahhabis are not monotheists or
Muslims, https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Naming controversy: Wahhabis, Muwahhidun, and Salafis
1 and the English translation of that term causes confusion with the
Christian denomination (Unitarian Universalism).
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Naming controversy: Wahhabis, Muwahhidun, and Salafis
1 Other terms Wahhabis have been said to use and/or prefer include
People of hadith|ahl al-hadith (people of hadith), Salafi Da'wa or al-da'wa
ila al-tawhid
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Naming controversy: Wahhabis, Muwahhidun, and Salafis
1 (Salafi preaching or preaching of monotheism, for the school rather
than the adherents) or Ahl ul-Sunna wal Jama'a (people of the tradition of Muhammad and the consensus of the
Ummah),
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Naming controversy: Wahhabis, Muwahhidun, and Salafis
1 Ahl al-Sunnah (People of the Sunna), or the reform or Salafi movement of
the Sheikh (the sheikh being ibn Abdul-Wahhab).According to author Abdul Aziz Qassim (source: ) Early
Salafis referred to themselves simply as Muslims, believing the
neighboring Ottoman Caliphate was al-dawlah al-kufriyya (a heretical
nation) and its self-professed Muslim inhabitants actually non-Muslim.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Naming controversy: Wahhabis, Muwahhidun, and Salafis
1 Many, such as writer Quinton Wiktorowicz, urge use of the term
Salafi, maintaining that one would be hard pressed to find individuals who refer to themselves as Wahhabis or organizations that use 'Wahhabi' in
their title, or refer to their ideology in this manner (unless they are
speaking to a Western audience that is unfamiliar with Islamic
terminology, and even then usage is limited and often appears as
'Salafi/Wahhabi')
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Naming controversy: Wahhabis, Muwahhidun, and Salafis
1 But authors at Global Security and Library of Congress state the term is now commonplace and used even by
Wahhabi scholars in the Najd, a region often called the heartland of Wahhabism. Journalist Karen House calls Salafi, a more politically correct
term for Wahhabi.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Naming controversy: Wahhabis, Muwahhidun, and Salafis
1 In any case, according to Lacey, none of the other terms have caught on, and so like the Christian Quakers, Wahhabis have remained known by the name first assigned to them by
their detractors.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Wahhabis and Salafis
1 Many scholars and critics distinguish between Wahhabi
and Salafi
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Wahhabis and Salafis
1 Others call Wahhabism a more strict, Saudi form
of Salafi.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Wahhabis and Salafis
1 Wahhabism is the Saudi version of Salafism, according to Mark Durie, who states Saudi leaders are active and diligent using their considerable
financial resources in funding and promoting Salafism all around the world. Ahmad Moussalli tends to agree Wahhabism is a subset of
Salafism, saying As a rule, all Wahhabis are salafists, but not all
salafists are Wahhabis.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Wahhabis and Salafis
1 According to the Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism,
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Wahhabis and Salafis
1 the principal distinction between the two (at least originally) was that Wahhabism accepted a ruler that
imposed Sharia law, while Salafism desired the return of the caliphate,
with a single ruler for the entire Muslim world.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Wahhabis and Salafis
1 #above all disdain for all developments subsequent to al-Salaf
al-Salih (the first two or three generations of Islam),
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Wahhabis and Salafis
1 #the rejection of Sufism, and
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Wahhabis and Salafis
1 #the abandonment of consistent adherence to one of the four Sunni Madhhabs (schools of
fiqh).
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Wahhabis and Salafis
1 And two important and interrelated features that distinguished Salafis from the Wahhabis:
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Wahhabis and Salafis
1 #a reliance on attempts at persuasion rather than coercion in order to rally other Muslims to their
cause; and
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Wahhabis and Salafis
1 #an informed awareness of the political and socio-economic crises confronting the Muslim
world.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Wahhabi movement - Wahhabis and Salafis
1 Hamid Algar and another critic, Khaled Abou El Fadl, argue Saudi oil-export funding co-opted the symbolism and
language of Salafism, during the 1960s and 70s, making them practically
indistinguishable by the 1970s, and now the two ideologies have melded. Abou El Fadl believes Wahhabism rebranded itself as Salafism knowing it could not spread in the modern Muslim world as Wahhabism.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 The 'Biografisch Portaal' (Biography Portal) is an initiative
based at the Huygens Institute for Dutch History in The Hague, with the aim of making biographical texts of the Netherlands more accessible.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 The project was started in February 2010 with material for 40,000
digitized biographies, with the goal to grant digital access to all reliable
information about (deceased) people of the Netherlands from the earliest beginnings of history up to modern
times.[http://www.denederlandsegrondwet.nl/9353000/1/j9vvihlf299q0sr/
vickk0yn4tz3?ctx=vh511aqp95x8 article] on government website of the
Dutch constitution
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 The Netherlands as a geographic term includes former colonies, and
the term people refers both to people born in the Netherlands and its
former colonies, and also to people born elsewhere but active in the
Netherlands and its former colonies. As of 2011, only biographical
information about deceased people is included. The system used is based
on the standards of the Text Encoding Initiative. Access to the
Biografisch Portaal is available free through a web-based interface.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 The project is a cooperative undertaking by ten scientific and cultural bodies in the Netherlands with the Huygens Institute as main
contact. The other bodies are:
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 *The Biografie Instituut
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 *The Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie (CBG)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 *The Digital Library for Dutch Literature (DBNL)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 *The International Institute of Social History
(IISG)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 *The Parlementair Documentatie Centrum
(PDC)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 *The Netherlands Institute for Art History (RKD)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 Besides ongoing digital projects, Dutch biographical dictionaries
originally published in book form that have been digitized and incorporated
into the indexes of the Biografisch Portaal
are:[http://www.biografischportaal.nl/about/collecties List of collections] on
the Biografisch Portaal website
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 * The work of Abraham van der Aa, which was the first Dutch biographical dictionary
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 * The NNBW, or Nieuw Nederlandsch
Biografisch Woordenboek
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 * The work of Barend Glasius known as Godgeleerd
Nederland
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 * The work of Roeland van Eynden and Adriaan van der Willigen, known as Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche
schilderkunst
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 * The work of Jan van Gool known as Nieuwe Schouburg
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 * The work of Jacob Campo Weyerman known as The Lives of
Dutch painters and paintressesThis is the only indexed dictionary that
cannot be accessed from IP addresses outside of Dutch university
libraries
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Biografisch Portaal
1 In February 2012, a new project was started called BiographyNed to build an analytical
tool for use with the Biografisch Portaal that will link biographies to events in time and
space.http://www.huygens.knaw.nl/toekenning-biographyned-huygens-ing-vu The main
goal of the three-year project is to formulate ‘the boundaries of the
Netherlands’.http://www.let.vu.nl/en/events/news/2012/grant-for-ehumanities-project-
biographyned.asp
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi
1 115[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3322495.stm BBC 2004 Interview with Nafisi] is an Iranian
writer and professor of English literature
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi
1 Azar Nafisi is best known for her 2003 book Reading Lolita in Tehran|
Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books, which remained on the New
York Times Bestseller list for 117 weeks, and has won several literary
awards, including the 2004 Non-fiction Book of the Year Award from
Booksense.[http://www.barclayagency.com/nafisi.html The Stephen
Barclay Agency][http://opa.yale.edu/news/art
icle.aspx?id=2309 Yale University Office of Public Affairs]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi
1 Since Reading Lolita in Tehran, Nafisi has written Things I've Been Silent
About: Memories of a Prodigal Daughter and The Republic of
Imagination: America in Three Books.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Early life and education
1 Azar Nafisi is the daughter of Nezhat and Ahmad Nafisi, a former mayor of
Tehran (1961–1963) who was the youngest man ever appointed to the
post up to that time.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Early life and education
1 She was educated in Switzerland and received her Ph.D. from the University of
Oklahoma.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Life in post-revolution Iran
1 Nafisi returned to Iran in 1979 where for a time she taught English
literature at the University of Tehran.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Life in post-revolution Iran
1 In the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the
subsequent rise to power of Ruhollah Khomeini|Ayatollah Khomeini and the
Islamic Republican Party in 1980, Nafisi soon became restless with the stringent rules imposed upon women
by the new government.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Life in post-revolution Iran
1 In 1995, she states that she was no longer able to teach English
literature properly without attracting the scrutiny of the faculty
authorities, so she quit teaching at the university, and instead invited seven of her female students to attend regular meetings at her house, every Thursday morning
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Work
1 Nafisi left Iran on June 24, 1997 and moved to the United States, where she wrote Reading Lolita in Tehran|
Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books, a book where she describes
her experiences as a secular woman living and working in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the book, she
declares I left Iran, but Iran did not leave me.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Work
1 Nafisi has held the post of a visiting fellow and lecturer at the Foreign Policy Institute of Johns Hopkins
University’s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies|School of Advanced International
Studies (SAIS) in Washington, DC and has served on the Board of Trustees of Freedom House, a United States
nongovernmental organization (NGO) which conducts research and
advocacy on democracy.[http://www.freedomhous
e.org/template.cfm?boardmember=28page=10 Freedom
House: Board of Trustees]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Work
1 http://www.penguin.com/book/the-republic-of-imagination-by-azar-nafisi/9780670026067
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Work
1 [http://Jane%20Smiley Jane Smiley] wrote in The Washington Post that
Nafisi finds the essence of the American experience, filtered through narratives not about
exceptionalism or fabulous success, but alienation, solitude and
landscape.http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/a-
celebration-of-american-reading-from-the-author-of-reading-lolita-in-tehran/2014/10/20/f1f6765e-4fdf-
11e4-babe-e91da079cb8a_story.html Laura Miller of Salon (website)|Salon wrote that No one writes better or
more stirringly about the way books shape a reader’s identity, and about the way that talking books with good friends becomes integral to how we understand the books, our friends
and ourselves.http://www.salon.com/2014/10/19/why_this_iranian_born_writer_
fears_for_americas_soul/
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Work
1 She appeared on Late Night with Seth Meyers
http://www.nbc.com/late-night-with-seth-meyers/video/author-azar-nafisi-
interview-part-1/2819356 http://www.hulu.com/watch/700217a
nd PBS NewsHour http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/azar
-nafisi-views-american-society-literature-republic-imagination/ to
promote the book.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Criticism
1 In 2004, Christopher Hitchens wrote that Nafisi had dedicated Reading
Lolita in Tehran to Paul Wolfowitz, the United States Deputy Secretary of
Defense under George W. Bush and a principal architect of the Bush
Doctrine. Hitchens had stated that Nafisi was good friends with
Wolfowitz and several other key figures in the Bush administration. Nafisi later responded to Hitchen's comments, neither confirming nor
denying the claim.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Criticism
1 In a 2003 article for The Guardian, Brian Whitaker criticized Nafisi for
working for the public relations firm Benador Associates which he argues promoted the neo-conservative ideas of creative destruction and total war.[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/200
3/feb/24/worlddispatch.usa The Guardian: Conflict and catchphrases]
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Criticism
1 soldier convicted of Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse|
mistreating prisoners at Abu Ghraib: To me there is no difference between
Lynndie England and Azar Nafisi.[http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/columnists/story.html?id=9837485b-
aef9-49aa-b04d-8c73c804862e Reading Lolita at Columbia]Boston
Globe , Women and Islam, by Cathy Young, The Boston Globe , October
23, 2006 [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/
editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/10/23/women_and_islam/]
Finally, Dabashi stated that book's cover image (which appears to be two veiled teenage women reading
Lolita in Tehran) is in fact, in a reference to the September 11 attacks, Orientalised pedophilia designed to appeal to the most deranged Oriental fantasies of a
nation already petrified out of its wits by a ferocious war waged against the
phantasmagoric Arab/Muslim male potency that has just castrated the
two totem poles of U.S
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Criticism
1 Nafisi, who opposed the U.S
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Criticism
1 He also points out that she has produced gross misrepresentations of
Iranian society and Islam and that she uses quotes and references
which are inaccurate, misleading, or even wholly
invented.[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/maney/cas/2008/00000
006/00000002/art00006 IngentaConnect: Reading Azar Nafisi
in Tehran]https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Responses
1 In an interview, Nafisi stated that she's never argued for an attack on Iran and that democracy, when it
comes, should come from the Iranian people (and not from US military or
political intervention)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Responses
1 Nafisi was also defended by a number of sources.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Responses
1 *[http://www.bc.edu/schools/cas/polisci/facstaff/banuazizi.html Ali
Banuazizi], the codirector of Boston College’s Middle East studies
program, stated that Dabashi's article was very ‘‘intemperate’’ and
that it was ‘‘not worth the attention’’ it had received.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Responses
1 *Christopher Shea of the Boston Globe argued that while Dabashi
spent several thousand words...eviscerating the book, his
main point was not about the specific text but rather the book’s black-and-
white portrayal of Iran.[http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/10/29/book_c
lubbed/?page=2 Book clubbed] by Christopher Shea, The Boston Globe,
October 29, 2006 (retrieved on October 21, 2009).
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Responses
1 *Writing in The New Republic, Marty Peretz sharply criticized Dabashi, and rhetorically asked ‘‘Over what kind of
faculty does [Columbia University president] Lee Bollinger preside?
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Responses
1 *In an article posted on Slate.com, author Gideon Lewis-Kraus described
Dabashi's article as a less-than-coherent pastiche of stock anti-war
sentiment, strategic misreading, and childish calumny and that Dabashi
insists on seeing [the book] as political perfidy which allows him to preserve his fantasy that criticizing
Nafisi makes him a usefully engaged intellectual.[http://www.slate.com/id/2154700/ Pawn of the Neocons?] by
Gideon Lewis-Kraus, Slate.com, November 30, 2006 (retrieved on
October 21, 2009).
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Responses
1 *Robert Fulford (journalist)|Robert Fulford sharply criticized Dabashi's
comments in the National Post, arguing that Dabashi's frame of
reference veers from Joseph Stalin to Edward Said
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Responses
1 Papan Matin also argued that Dabashi’s attack is that whether Nafisi is a collaborator with the
[United States] was not relevant to the legitimate questions set forth in
her book.[http://www.islamonline.net/ser
vlet/Satellite?c=Article_Ccid=1190886485566pagename=Zone-English-Muslim_Affairs%2FMAELayout Reading Misreading
Lolita in Tehran] by Dr
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Works
1 * Nafisi, Azar. Images of Women in Classical Persian Literature and the
Contemporary Iranian Novel. The Eye of the Storm: Women in Post-
Revolutionary Iran. Ed. Mahnaz Afkhami and Erika Friedl. New York:
Syracuse University Press, 1994. 115-30.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Works
1 * Anti-Terra: A Critical Study of Vladimir Nabokov’s Novels
(1994).
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Works
1 * Nafisi, Azar. Imagination as Subversion: Narrative as a Tool of
Civic Awareness. Muslim Women and the Politics of Participation. Ed.
Mahnaz Afkhami and Erika Friedl. New York: Syracuse University Press,
1997. 58-71.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Works
1 * Tales of Subversion: Women Challenging Fundamentalism in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Religious Fundamentalisms and the Human
Rights of Women (1999).
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Works
1 * Things I've Been Silent About (2008).
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Works
1 * The Republic of Imagination (2014).
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Works
1 * Foreword, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Penguin
Classics, 2014)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Azar Nafisi - Bibliography
1 * Nafisi, Azar. 2010 (2008). Things I've been silent about. Random
House Trade Paperbacks. (Originally published 2008)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
For More Information, Visit:
• https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
The Art of Servicehttps://store.theartofservice.com