Afghanistan Drug Price Monitoring Monthly Reportmcn.gov.af/Content/files/Afghanistan Drug Price Monitoring February... · 2 MCN / UNODC Afghanistan Drug Price Monitoring, February

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MCN / UNODC Afghanistan Drug Price Monitoring, February 2013

Summary

Prices are collected in the last week of every month from around twenty farmers and equal number of traders Prices are collected by MCN Survey coordinators generally from different farmers and traders each month; however the price data collection is sourced from a few known farmers and traders as well.

Opium prices are collected from 18 of 34 provinces namely Badakhshan, Baghlan, Badghis, Balkh, Farah, Faryab, Ghor, Hilmand, Hirat, Kandahar, Kunar, Kunduz, Laghman, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Uruzgan, Takhar and Zabul. The prices of dry and fresh opium are collected from farmers (at farm-gate level) and traders (at trader level).

Different varieties of heroin, morphine and cannabis resin prices are collected from six provinces of Afghanistan namely Badakhshan, Balkh, Hirat, Nangarhar, Kandahar and Takhar.

Prices of some licit crops such as wheat, saffron, imported and local rice is also collected from six provinces of Afghanistan and included in this report.

Prices of poppy seeds, cannabis seeds and acetic anhydride are included in the report as well.

Different varieties of opium, heroin and hashish prices are also collected from Peshawar as well as Quetta province of Pakistan. Prices are collected and reported by UNODC office in Peshawar and Quetta in Pakistan.

The prices are also presented in local currency for convenience of certain analysis; however the national average prices are presented in USD. At the regional level, average prices are reflected in local currency with exception of the Western region since prices are reported in two different currencies.

Prices are reported in different currencies in different regions. The prices in Eastern region (Kunar, Laghman and Nangarhar) and Southern region (Kandahar, Hilmand, Uruzgan and Zabul) are reported in Pakistani rupees. In Northern (Balkh, Baghlan, Farayb) and North-eastern (Badakhshan, Kunduz, Takhar) regions, the prices are reported in Afghani. However, prices are reported in two different currencies namely Afghani and Iranian Tuman in Western region. The prices are converted in US$ using the exchange rate from oanda.com site considering the rates on the same date the observation is made.

Average1 price of dry Opium in Afghanistan, (US$/kg)

Dry Opium Feb-12 Feb-13 Increase/ Decrease

(%) Farm-gate price (US$/Kg) 231 181 -22%

Trader price (US$/Kg) 244 189 -23%

Average2 price of fresh Opium in Afghanistan, (US$/kg)

Fresh Opium Feb-12 Feb-13 Increase/ Decrease

(%) Farm-gate price (US$/Kg) 176 162 -8%

Trader price (US$/Kg) 185 170 -8%

Average3 price of Cannabis Resin in Afghanistan, (US$/kg)

1 Simple average of all observations 2 Simple average of all observations 3 Simple average of all observations

3

Types of cannabis resin Feb-12 Feb-13

Increase/ Decrease (%)

Cannabis resin (Garda # 1) price (US$/kg) 124 80 -35%



Heroin and Hashish (best quality) prices in Peshawar, Pakistan (US$/kg)

Best quality of Heroin/Hashish Feb-12 Feb-13

Increase/Decrease (%)

Heroin - White (Injection) price (US$/kg) 4,919 4,804 -2%

Hashish - (Garda # 1) price (US$/kg) 630 527 -16%

Heroin and Hashish (best quality) prices in Quetta, Pakistan (US$/kg)

Best quality of Heroin/Hashish Jan-13 Feb-13

Change (Jan-Dec) %

Heroin - High quality (Crystal) price (US$/kg) 6,457 6,472 +0.2%

Hashish - High quality price (US$/kg) 465 462 -1%

Note: Price for February 2012 is not available.

Average4 price of Heroin, Opium and Hashish at consumer level in Afghanistan, (US$/kg)

Types of drugs Feb-12 Feb-13 Increase/Decrease

(%) Heroin 6,179 5,335 -14%

Opium 509 470 -8%

Hashish 272 183 -33%

Average price of Wheat, Cotton, Saffron, Imported and Local Rice in Afghanistan, (US$/kg)

Types of crops Feb-12 Feb-13 Increase/Decrease

(%) Wheat 0.40 0.43 +7% Cotton 1.70 1.4 -19% Saffron 1724 1,708 -1%

Rice (imported)* 1.10 1.5 +35%

Rice (local)* 1.00 1.0 -2%

Average price of poppy and cannabis seeds in Afghanistan, (US$/kg)

4 Simple average of all observations

4

Types of seeds Jan-13 Feb-13

Increase/Decrease (%)

Cannabis seed 0.44 0.42 -5%

Poppy seed 0.67 0.69 +3%

Note: Price for February 2012 is not available.

Average price of acetic anhydride in Afghanistan, (US$/Lit )

Variety of Acetic Anhydride Jan-13 Feb-13 Increase/Decrease

(%)

Acetic Anhydride - A* 219 215 -2%

Acetic Anhydride - B* 175 165 -5%

Acetic Anhydride - C* 164 155 -6%

Acetic Anhydride - D* 176 175 -1%

Acetic Anhydride - E* 170 167 -2%

Acetic Anhydride - F* 164 162 -1% Note: Price for February 2012 is not available.

* A, B, C, D, E, F represent different variety of acetic anhydride in Afghanistan.

Price change of Dry Opium and Fresh Opium between January 2013 and February 2013

191181

201189

167 162175 170

0

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Dry opium -farm-gate price

Dry opium -trader-price

Fresh opium -farm-gate price

Fresh opium -trader price

Jan-13 Feb-13

5

DRY OPIUM:

FARM-GATE PRICE:

The national average price for one kilogram of dry opium in Afghanistan at the farm-gate level was US$ 181/kg at the end of February 2013 which is 5% lower compared to price reported in January 2013 (US$ 190.85/kg). The average dry opium price at the farm-gate level in February 2013 is 22% lower than the price reported in February 2012 which was US$ 231/kg. The dry opium price has a decreasing trend since February 2011.

Graph 1: National 5Average price of dry opium at farm-gate level from September 2004 to February 2013

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Dry Opium (Chaynaki Quality):

FARM-GATE PRICE

Price of opium (dry) was not found to be varying in different regions depending on the quality except in Balkh and Hilmand provinces where another quality of dry opium by the name of Chaynaki is available at Farm-gate and trader level. The Chaynaki quality of dry opium is too much air dried. The average price of 1 kilogram of Chaynaki dry opium at Farm-gate level in Balkh province is US$ 195/kg in February 2013 showing a decrease of 9% compared to the price reported in January 2013 (US$ 179). The average price of 1 kilogram of Chaynaki dry opium at farm-gate level in Hilmand province is US$ 408/kg in February 2013 with a decrease of 1% compared to the price reported in January 2013 (US$ 412).

Table 1: Average6 price of dry opium (Chaynaki quality) at farm-gate level (US$/Kg)

Balkh Hilmand Dry Opium

(Chaynaki quality) Jan-13 Feb-13

Change (Feb-Jan)

% Jan-13 Feb-13

Change (Feb-Jan)

% Farm-gate price (US$/Kg) 179 195 +9% 412 408 -1%

5 Simple average of all observations 6 Simple average of all observations

6

TRADER PRICE:

The national average dry opium price collected from traders was US$ 189/kg at the end of February 2013 showing 6% decrease compared to the price reported last month (January 2013) (US$ 201/kg). The average dry opium price at trader level in February 2013 is 22% lower than the price reported last year (February 2012) which was US$ 244/kg.

Dry opium price collected from traders has decreased by 14%, 8%, 5% and 1% in Eastern, North-eastern, Western, and Southern regions respectively. Price has increased by 6% in the Northern region.

Table 2: Regional average7 price of dry opium collected from traders (US$/Kg)

Price of Dry Opium (US$/Kg)

Region Jan-13 Feb-13

Price change

(%) Eastern region (Kunar, Laghman, Nangarhar) 228 197 -14%

Southern region (Hilmand, Kandahar, Uruzgan, Zabul) 183 181 -1%

Western region (Badghis, Farah, Ghor, Hirat, Nimroz) 252 239 -5%

North-eastern region (Badakhshan, Kunduz, Takhar) 158 145 -8%

Northern region (Baghlan, Balkh, Faryab) 145 153 +6%

Average 201 189 -6%

Dry Opium (Chaynaki Quality):

TRADER PRICE:

In Balkh province, the average price of 1 kilogram of Chaynaki dry opium at trader level is US$ 208/kg in February 2013 showing an increase of 8% compared to the price reported in January 2013 (US$ 193/kg). In Hilmand province, the average price of 1 kilogram of Chaynaki dry opium at trader level is US$ 415/kg in February 2013 decreased by 1% compared to the price reported in January 2013 (US$ 420)

Table 3: Average8 price of dry opium (Chaynaki quality) at trader level (US$/Kg)

Balkh Hilmand

Dry Opium (Chaynaki quality) Jan-13 Feb-13

Change (Feb-Jan)

% Jan-13 Feb-13

Change (Feb-Jan)

% Trader price (US$/Kg) 193 208 +8% 420 415 -1%


7

Graph 2: Regional average2 price of dry opium from traders (January 2005 to February 2013)

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Eastern Southern Western North-eastern Northern

Table 4: Regional average9 price of dry opium at farm-gate and trader level in local currency

* Western region is divided in two groups because of prices available in two currencies


8

FRESH OPIUM:

At the end of February 2013, the national average price of fresh opium decreased by 2.75% from US$ 167/kg in January 2013 to US$ 162/kg at the farm-gate level. Similarly, the national average price of fresh opium at trader level decreased by 2.84% from US$ 175/kg in January 2013 to US$ 170/kg this month (February 2013).

After the harvest season there is no fresh opium available, but farmers keep their fresh opium in plastic bags or dishes covered with leaves in order to preserve moisture. This opium is referred as fresh opium.

Graph 3: National average10 price of fresh opium at farm-gate and trader level, US$/kg (August 2009 to February 2013)

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Farm-gate Trader

Table 5: Regional average11 price of fresh opium at farm-gate and trader level in local currency


9

* Western region is divided in two groups because of prices available in two currencies

Table 6: Number of observations of dry and fresh opium prices

Number of observations (n)

Farm-gate price Trader price

Number of provinces price

collected

Dry Opium 186 184 18

Fresh Opium 120 119 12

HEROIN:

There are several types of heroin available in Afghanistan with different quality. The prices of White powder (injection) in Nangarhar province, White powder (Crystal) in Kandahar and Balkh provinces, Off-white (Crystal)-100% in Badakhshan province and White powder-high quality (70-80% pure) in Hirat province are the most expensive heroin reported in Afghanistan. The cheapest heroin (US$ 41.4/kg) is called as Khata # 2 reported in Nangarhar province.

Table 7: Prices of different types of Heroin in Afghanistan, (US$/kg), Feb 2012

Feb 2013

* Due to change of information source in February 2012, the price may not be directly comparable with previous months.

10

Graph 4: Prices of different types of heroin in Afghanistan, (US$/kg), February 2013

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atan)

Bist p

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Mor

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atan)

- hi

gh qua

lity

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(Bata

n) -

low q

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gh qu

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(70-

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pur

e)

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w qua

lity (l

ess

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pur

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coar

se po

wder (

Cryst

al)

Mor

phin

e

Pri

ce in

(US

$/kg

)

Nangarhar Balkh Badakhshan Takhar Kandahar Hirat

Table 8: Prices of 1 kilogram of different types of Heroin in local currency

11

CANNABIS RESIN:

There are mainly three quality types of cannabis resin available in Afghanistan namely Garda # 1, # 2 and # 3 with quality as best, moderate and fair respectively. Garda # 1 (Shirak) in Badakhshan province is the most expensive cannabis resin because of its purity. Earlier Garda # 1 (Jooshi) of Balkh province was most expensive and popular because of it s high quality however it lost it s demand due to it s blending with lower quality hashish.

Table 9: Prices of different types of cannabis resin in Afghanistan, (US$/kg), Feb 2012 - Feb 2013

Graph 5: Average12 price of cannabis resin (Garda # 1, best quality) in US$/kg, Oct 2007 Feb 2013

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Badakhshan Balkh Hirat Nangarhar Kandahar Takhar Average


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Graph 6: Prices of different types of cannabis resin in Afghanistan, (US$/kg), February 2013

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1523

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56 36

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Garda #

1 (S

hirak

)

Garda #

1

Garda #

2

Garda #

3

Garda #

1

Garda #

2

Garda #

3

Garda #

1 (Jo

oshi)

Garda #

2 (M

orch

ajosh

)

Garda #

1

Garda #

2

Garda #

1 (S

hirak

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Pri

nce

in

(U

S$

/kg

)

Badakhshan Nangarhar Kandahar Balkh Hirat Takhar

Table 10: Prices of 1 kilogram of different types of cannabis resin in Afghanistan in local currency, January 2013- February 2013

Prices of 1 kg of different types of cannabis resin in

local currency

Province Types of cannabis resin

Local currency Jan-13 Feb-13

Change (Feb-Jan)

%

Badakhshan Garda # 1 (Shirak) Afghani 6,200 5,500 -11%

Garda # 1 (Jooshi) Afghani 4,500 5,000 +11% Balkh

Garda # 2 (Morchajosh) Afghani 3,600 4,000 +11%

Garda # 1 Iranian Tuman 193,500 200,000 +3% Hirat

Garda # 2 Iranian Tuman 96,700 130,000 +34%

Garda # 1 Pakistani Rupee 6,089 6,089 +0%

Garda # 2 Pakistani Rupee 4,378 4,378 +0% Kandahar



Garda # 2 Pakistani Rupee 4,285 4,142 -3% Nangarhar

Garda # 3 Pakistani Rupee 2,714 1,428 -47%

Takhar Garda # 1 (Shirak) Afghani 4,100 4,000 -2%

13

LICIT CROPS:

Prices of wheat, cotton, saffron, rice (imported) and rice (local) collected in six provinces of Afghanistan are shown in below table.

Table 11: Prices of wheat, cotton, saffron, imported and local rice in Afghanistan in local currency, February 2013

14

CANNABIS AND POPPY SEEDS:

Prices of cannabis and poppy seeds are collected in eighteen provinces of Afghanistan are shown in below table.

Table 12: Prices of cannabis and poppy seeds in local currency, January 2013

February 2013

15

PRICES OF HEROIN, OPIUM AND HASHISH AT CONSUMER LEVEL:

The consumer prices of heroin, opium and hashish collected in different regions of Afghanistan are as below. The quality of product varies widely in different regions.

Graph 7: Regional average13 prices of heroin, opium and hashish at consumer level in (US$/Kg), February 2013

0

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9000

Central Eastern North-eastern Northern Southern Western

Central 6784 484 190

Eastern 4623 428 171

North-eastern 2697 158 105

Northern 5372 674 213

Southern 8242 222 115

Western 6320 621 253

Heroin Opium Hashish

Table 13: Average14 prices of Heroin, Opium and Hashish at consumer level in Afghanistan, (US$/kg), February 2012- February 2013


16

PRICES OF DRUGS IN PAKISTAN:

The prices of different types of opium, heroin and hashish reported from Peshawar and Quetta in Pakistan are as below:

A. PESHAWAR

OPIUM:

There are three types of dry opium namely Opium - Afghanistan (opium of Afghanistan), Opium - Terra and Opium - Tapa (adulterated) available in Peshawar, Pakistan. Opium-Terra is the most expensive opium reported in Peshawar. Table 14: Prices of different types of opium in Peshawar, Pakistan in (US$/Kg):

HEROIN: There are three types of heroin namely White (Injection), Yellow (Batan) and Saada (Ordinary) available in Peshawar, Pakistan. White (injection) type is the most expensive heroin reported in Peshawar.

Table 15: Prices of different types of heroin in Peshawar, Pakistan in (US$/Kg):

HASHISH:

There are three types of hashish namely Hashish - Garda # 1, # 2 and # 3 available in Peshawar, Pakistan. Hashish-Garda#1 is the most expensive hashish reported in Peshawar.

Table 16: Prices of different types of Hashish in Peshawar, Pakistan in (US$/Kg):

Table 17: Prices of different types of drugs in Peshawar, Pakistan in local currency, (Pak Rupee/kg):

Price in (Pakistani Rupee)/kg

Types of drugs Jan-13 Feb-13

Change (Feb-Jan)

% Opium -Afghanistan 26,500 26,000 -2% Opium -Tapa (Adulterated) 18,500 19,000 +3% Opium -Terra 32,000 31,000 -3% Heroin -White (Injection) 470,000

465,000

-1% Heroin -Yellow (Batan) 450,000

445,000

-1% Heroin -Saada (Ordinary) 180,000

175,000

-3% Hashish -Garda # 1 51,500 51,000 -1% Hashish -Garda # 2 36,000 35,000 -3% Hashish -Garda # 3 28,000 27,000 -4%

17

B. QUETTA

OPIUM:

Table 18: Prices of different quality of opium in Quetta, Pakistan in (US$/Kg):

HEROIN:

Table 19: Prices of different quality of heroin in Quetta, Pakistan in (US$/Kg):

HASHISH:

Table 20: Prices of different quality of Hashish in Quetta, Pakistan in (US$/Kg):

Table 21: Prices of different types of drugs in Quetta, Pakistan in local currency, (Pak Rupee/kg):

Price in (Pakistani Rupee)/kg

Types of drugs Jan-13 Feb-13

Change (Feb-Jan)

% Opium -High quality 50,000 52,000 +4% Opium -Medium quality 45,000 45,000 +0% Opium -Low quality 40,000 40,000 +0% Heroin -High quality (Crystal) 625,000 630,000

+1% Heroin -Medium quality 360,000 375,000

+4% Heroin -Low quality 205,000 200,000

-2% Hashish -High quality 45,000 45,000 +0% Hashish -Medium quality 38,000 40,000 +5%

18

Graph 8: Average price of dry opium collected from traders in Nangarhar and Kandahar provinces (US$/Kg), March 1997

February 2013

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Nangarhar (Eastern region) Kandahar (Southern region) Simple average

PAKISTANIRAN

TURKMENISTAN

TAJIKISTANUZBEKISTAN

Hirat

Farah

Ghor

Hilmand KandaharNimroz

Badakhshan

Ghazni

Faryab

Zabul

Balkh

Paktika

BadghisBamyan

BaghlanSari Pul

Takhar

Day kundi

Jawzjan

Wardak

Uruzgan

Samangan

Kunduz

Nuristan Kunar

KabulParwan

Logar

Khost

Nangarhar

Paktiya

Panjshir

LaghmanKapisa

Trader: 181Farmer:177










Trader: 99Farmer:89





Trader: 154Farmer:0



Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.Source: Governnment of Afghanistan - National monitoring system implemented by MCN / UNODC

Afghanistan: Average dry opium price (February 2013)

Legend

Trader:Farmer:

Price not collectedPrice collectedPrice at trader level (US$/kg)Price at Farm-gate level (US$/kg)Provincial boundaryInternational boundary

Geographic Projection Datum: WGS 840 100 200 30050

Km¯

IRANIRAN

PAKISTANPAKISTAN

INDIAINDIA

TURKMENISTANTURKMENISTAN

TAJIKISTANTAJIKISTANUZBEKISTANUZBEKISTAN

Hirat

Farah

Ghor

HilmandNimroz

Kandahar

Badakhshan

Balkh

Ghazni

Zabul

Faryab

Paktika

Badghis

Baghlan

Bamyan

Sari Pul

Takhar

Day Kundi

Jawzjan

Uruzgan

Wardak

Nuristan

Kunduz

Samangan

Kunar

LogarPaktya

Kabul

Parwan

Khost

Nangarhar

Panjshir

LaghmanKapisa

Farah

HiratKabul

Kandahar

Fayzabad

Jalalabad

Mazari Sharif

75°E

75°E

70°E

70°E

65°E

65°E

60°E

60°E

35°N 35°N

30°N 30°N

Regional grouping of provinces for the opium poppy survey in Afghanistan

Source: Government o f Afghanistan - National monitor ing system implemented by UNODC Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply o fficial endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Southern

Western Central

Northern

Eastern

North-eastern

0 100 20050 KmGCS WGS-84

LegendRegional grouping of provinces

Main cities

CentralEastern

NorthernSouthernWestern

North-eastern

International boundaryProvincial boundary

Documents

Afghanistan Drug Price Monitoring Monthly Reportmcn.gov.af/Content/files/Afghanistan Drug Price Monitoring February... · 2 MCN / UNODC Afghanistan Drug Price Monitoring, February