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Potential of PICS Bag for the Control of Larger Grain Borer ( Prostephanus truncatus ) - An Integrated Approach. Affognon H., A. Njoroge and L. Murdock. Presented at Purdue Improved Crop Storage Workshop: Lessons Learned in Developing and Implementing Hermetic Storage - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Potential of PICS Bag for the Control of Larger Grain Borer (Prostephanus truncatus) - An Integrated Approach
Affognon H., A. Njoroge and L. Murdock
Presented at Purdue Improved Crop Storage Workshop: Lessons Learned in Developing and Implementing
Hermetic Storage
April 10-12, 2012 Accra, Ghana
MaizeMost important staple in SSA
Post-harvest losses of maize in SSA are substantial
Mainly due to insect pests among which the invasive Prostephanus truncatus (LGB)
Introduction
LGB was accidentally introduced into Africa some 30 years ago
The pest is present in 18 SSA countries
National losses of around 40% of the weight of stored grain,
In individual households this can reach as high as 100%
Control strategies - synthetic insecticides and fumigants
Chemical control - not widely adopted - socio-economic reasons
Eradication of the pest failed - beetle had already established itself in its natural forest habitat
A classical biological control campaign was launched in 1991 and Teretrius nigrescens was released as a bio-control agent
Introduction
Objective: To assess the potential of PICS bag for controlling LGB at farm level using an integrated approach
Components of the integrated approach
Disinfestation of maize grains with solar energy
Storing the maize in the PICS bags after the solar disinfestation
Methodology
Testing the integrated approach
Assessing the thermal death point of adults Prostephanus truncatus with oven in laboratory
Assessing the performance of PICS bag. A total of six (6) treatments were tested
T1: PICS bag + solar disinfested maize (25 kg)
T2: PICS bag + solar disinfested maize (25 kg) + 100 LGB (here the maize was infested and left for 4 days
before solar disinfestation)
T3: PICS bag + solar disinfested maize (25 kg) + 100 LGB
Methodology
C1: Ordinary woven polypropylene bag + solar disinfested maize (25 kg)
C2: Ordinary woven polypropylene bags + solar disinfested maize (25 kg) + 100 insects in each bag
C3: Ordinary woven polypropylene bag +Non solar disinfested maize (25 kg)
Parameters measured: Moisture content - Oxygen and Carbon dioxide in PICS bags – Weight loss – Number of live adults and larvae of LGB – Number of live adults of
Sitophilus – Germination – Aflatoxin contaminations
Methodology
Results
Grain borer mortality curves
Temperature (degrees celcius)
Cu
mm
ula
tive
pro
po
rtio
n m
ort
alit
y
50 55 60 65 70
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
30 minutes60 minutes90 minutes120 minutes
Grain borer mortality curves
Temperature (degrees celcius)
Cu
mm
ula
tive
pro
po
rtio
n m
ort
alit
y
50 55 60 65 70
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
30 minutes60 minutes90 minutes120 minutes
Thermal death point of adults Prostephanus truncatus Thermal death point of adults Prostephanus truncatus
Results
January moisture content (%)T1 12.39aT2 12.30aT3 12.39aC1 12.68aC2 13.31bC3 12.48a
March moisture content (%)T1 11.97aT2 12.22aT3 12.25aC1 11.98aC2 12.12aC3 12.16a
February moisture content (%)T1 12.03abT2 12.31bT3 12.46bC1 11.75aC2 12.07abC3 12.09ab
Performance of PICS bag
Results
Gas (O2 and CO2) evolution in PICS bagsGas (O2 and CO2) evolution in PICS bags
Performance of PICS bagPerformance of PICS bag
Results
Treatments LGB adults per 500g of
maize
LGB larvae per 500g of maize
Sitophilus adults per
500g of maizeMarch (60 days after)T1 0.00a 0.00a 0.00aT2 0.00a 0.00a 0.00aT3 1.00a 0.00a 0.00aC1 2.00a 0.00a 28.00cC2 11.33b 17.67b 20.00bC3 1.67a 0.00a 26.00c
Performance of PICS bag
Results
Weight lossWeight loss
Performance of PICS bagPerformance of PICS bag
Way forward
It is early to draw a conclusion, however, so far PICS bag seems to perform well
The monitoring will continue
Baseline data were collected on germination and aflatoxin contaminations
Germination tests and aflatoxin contaminations analysis will be performed after 3, 6 and 9 months
Economic analysis will be performed at the end of the experiment with price differential information that will
be collected in different zones in the country
Thank you for your attention