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AFAMS Human Anatomy and Physiology Medical Terminology (Dari) EO 003.01 Part 1

AFAMS Human Anatomy and Physiology Medical Terminology (Dari) EO 003.01 Part 1

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Page 1: AFAMS Human Anatomy and Physiology Medical Terminology (Dari) EO 003.01 Part 1

AFAMS

Human Anatomy and PhysiologyMedical Terminology

(Dari)

EO 003.01 Part 1

Page 2: AFAMS Human Anatomy and Physiology Medical Terminology (Dari) EO 003.01 Part 1

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Importance of Lesson(Dari)

Pharmacy technicians are required to have a basic understanding of medical terminology associated with human anatomy and physiology in order to understand where medications act in the body.

AFAMS

Insert Dari

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Overview of Lesson(Dari)

• Definitions of anatomy and physiology

• Anatomical planes and directional terms

• Word composition of medical terms

• Medical terms associated with body systems

• Review Questions

• In-class Assignment

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Insert Dari

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Definitions تعریفات

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Definitions:Anatomy • تعریفات

– The study, classification, and description of structures and organs of the body

• Physiology:

– Explains the processes & functions of the various structures & how they interrelate with one another

اناتومی : •بندی - طبقه از عبارت

وجود های وارگان ساختمانقرار مطالعه مورد را انسان

میدهد .

• : فزیولوژی فعالیت - پروسه از عبارت

و مختلف های ساختماندیگر بین روابط چگونگیمطالعه مورد را ها ارگان

. میدهد قرار

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Topographyگرافی توپو

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• Anatomic position

• Body erect

• Palms open and facing outward

اناتومی • وضیعتاستاده • وضیعتو • باز ها دست کف طوریکه

باشد قدام بطرف

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Planes فرضی سطوح

• Midline/Mid=Sagittal

– Medial – toward midline

– Lateral – away from midline

یا • متوسط خطسهمی

به – - نزدیک انسیمتوسط خط

از – - دور وحشیمتوسط خط

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Planesفرضی سطوح

Frontal plane

Posterior

خلفـــــــی

جبهی • سطح

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Planesفرضی سطوح

Transverse Plane عرضی • سطح

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Directional رهنمائی

• Proximal

– Nearest

• Distal

– Farthest

• Superficial

– Surface

• Deep

– inside the body

قریبه •ترین - نزدیکبعیده •

ترین - دورسطحی •

سطح -عمق •وجود − داخل

انسان

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Terminologyاصطالحات

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Terminologyاصطالحات

• Approximately 75% derived from Latin and Greek

• Catalog

• Ensures uniformity

• Three elements

– 1st = suffix

– 2nd = prefix

– 3rd = middle (root)

• C اصطالحات 75تقریبا فیصدیونانی و التین لسان از

است شده گرفتهفهرست •یگانگی • حفظ جهتاست • عناصر سه دارای

پسوند = − اولپیشوند = − دوموسطی = − قسمت سوم

( کلمه ( اصل کلمه

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Defining Medical Wordsطبی کلمات تعریف

• First, define the suffix or ending

• Second, define the prefix, or beginning

• Third, define the middle

معنی • را پسوند درابتدانمایید مشخص و

پیشوند • دوم مرحله دررا کلمه شروع یا

مشخص و تعریفنمایید

قسمت • سوم مرحله درتعریف را کلمه وسطی

نمایید مشخص و

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Compound Wordsمرکب کلمات

• No limit on how many root terms can be used

• No limit on how many prefixes or suffixes can be used

کدام • دراینجابرای محدودیت

از استفادهاصل اصطالت

است نشده داده

کدام • همچنان ودر محودیت

یا پیشوند استفادهنشده داده پسوند

است

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Prefixes پیشوند

• Located at the beginning • Alters the meaning of a root word

and cannot stand alone• Usually indicates a number, time,

position, direction, color, or sense of negation

  داده • قرار کلمه شروع درمیشود

داده • تغیر را کلمه اصلی معنیدهد نمی معنی تنهائی به و

تعداد، • دهنده نشان C معموالرنگ ، جهت ، موقیعت ، زمان . میباشد منفی های حسیت و

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Prefixesپیشوند

• Pertaining to location

– Intra = Inside/within

– Endo = within/inside

– Peri = around/surrounding

– Ec and ecto = outside

– En and em = inside

– Retro and post = behind

– Sub and hypo=under

– Inter = between

– Bio=life

به • میگردد مربوط ها پیشوندآن ها موقیعت

−Intra = داخل درمیان در و− Endo -داخل در میان در− Peri = اطراف در− Ec و ecto = های در قسمت

بیرون −En و em= داخل در−Retro و post= قبلی عقب و− Sub و hypo= تحت کم در یا− Inter = بین در− Bio = گی زنده یا زنده

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Prefixes پیشوند

• Relating to time

– Ante and pre = before

– Post = after

• Relating to negation

– A and an = without/absence of

– Anti = against

و • وقت به میگردد ارتباطزمان −Ante و pre = قبل− Post = بعد

منفی • های پیشوند− A, an = عدم یا بدون

موجودیت− Anti = ( به علیه

مقابل(

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Prefixes

• Relating to amount– Mono/uni = one– Bi = two– tri = three– Quadric = four– Multi/poly =

many/much– Hypo = too little– hemi/semi = half– Hyper = above/high– Tachy =too fast– Brady = slow

مقدار • به مربوط های پیشوند−Mono/uni = یک− Bi = دو−Tri = سه−Quadric = چهار− Multi and poly = زیاد یا چند−Hypo = کم بسیار−Hemi/semi = نصف−Hyper = زیاد یا بلند−Tachy = سریع بسیار−Brady = اهسته

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Prefixesپیشوند

• Relating to color

– Leuko = white

– Erythro = red

– Cyano = blue

– Melano = black

ارتباط • هایکه پیشوندمیباشند رنگ به

–Leuko = سفید–Erythro = سرخ–Cyano = آبی–Melano = سیاه

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Prefixesپیشوند

• Relating to size and position

– Micro = small

– Macro/mega = large

– Antero = toward the front

– Latero = toward the side

– Dextro = to the right

– Levo = to the left

– Medio = to the middle

میگیرد • ارتباط پیشوندهایکهموقعیت و اندازه به

–Micro = کوچک–Macro/mega = بزرگ–Antero = یا جلو بطرف

قدام –Latero = یا جنبی بطرف

طرف یک–Dextro = راست بطرف–Levo = چپ بطرف–Medio = خط بطرف

متوسط

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Prefixesپیشوند

• Miscellaneous– Hydro = water– Dys = difficult/painful– Nox/noct = night– Mal = bad– Pan = all or total

متفرقه • پیشوندهای– Hydro =آب–Dys = درد و مشکل

شدید–Nox/noct = شب–Mal = بد–Pan = مجموعه و تمام

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Suffixesپسوند

• Word Ending

• Add meaning of a root word an cannot stand alone

• Suffix usually indicates a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech

گذاشته • کلمه اخیر درمیشود

را • کلمه اصلی معنیبه و نموده اضافه

دهد نمی معنی تنهائینشان • C معموال ها پسوند

، پروسیجر یک دهندهویا امراض ، حالت

فعل، ازقبیل زبان دستوروغیره ضمیر ، اسم

میباشد.

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Suffixesپسوند

• emia = blood

• iasis = formation of

• itis = inflammation

• osis = abnormal condition

• pathy = disease

• ectomy = removal

• scopy = examination of

• ia = condition/disease

• megaly = enlargement

• oma = tumour/mass

• rrhea = flow/discharge

• rrhage = bursting forth blood

• sclerosis = hardening

• uria = condition of urine

• emia = خون• iasis =تشکل یا حالت دهنده نشان• itis =التهاب• osis =نورمال غیر حالت• pathy =مرض• ectomy =نمودن دور و برداشتن• scopy =تفتیش یا معاینات•)Insert dari(

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Suffixesپسوند

• tomy = incision, to cut into

• rrhaphy = suture

• algia = pain

• genic = origin

• lysis = loosen, free form adhesions

• ic, ac, al, ar = pelvic, cardiac, skeletal, muscular

•Tomy = نمودن شق•Rrhaphy = بخیه•Algia = درد•Genic = تولید یا منشه•Lysis = یک عدم یا رحایش

پارچگی •ic, ac, al, ar , = ، خاصره لگن

عضله و عظم ، قلبی

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Suffixesپسوند

• gram = record of data• graph and meter = instrument

for recording• metry = measurement of• scope = instrument for viewing

•Gram = معلومات ثبت•graph and meter =

ثبت و وسیله•Metry = گیری اندازه•Scope = یا وسیله

دید گیری اندازه

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Suffixesپسوند

• lysis = separation/breakdown

• plasty = surgical repair /correction

• scopy = process of visual examination

• stomy = opening

• therapy = treatment

• tomy = incision, to cut into

Insert Dari

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Root Wordsکلمه اصل

• Usually middle of the word and it’s central meaning

• Can stand alone, or have a meaning on it’s own

• Frequently indicates a body part, or action

• Most medical terms have one or more word roots

   

• C معموال کلمه اصلکلمه وسطی قسمت

معنی و میدهد نشان راارایه خودرا مرکزی

مینمایدباقی • خود حالت به یا

خودرا معنی و میماندمیدهد

یا • بدن قسمت یک C اکثرامیدهد نشان را عمل

یا • کلمات بیشتریندارای طبی اصطالحات

کلمات چندین یا یکمیباشد اصل

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Example:

• Pneumo / pyo / peri / cardium

• Pneumo = lung (air)

• pyo = pus

• peri = around

• cardium = heart

– Air, gas & pus collected in the sac around the heart.

کاردیم / / / • پری پایو نیومو•Pneumo = گاز یا هوا•Pyo = قیح•Peri = اطراف در•Cardium = قلب

در – قیح و گاز هوا، تجمعرا قلب که قلب کیسه

است پوشانیده

Pneumopyopericardiumنیوموپایوپریکاردیم

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Root Words by Organ System(Insert Dari)

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Skeletal System Frameworkاسکلیت سیستم بندی چوکات

– Arthro = joint

– Chondro = cartilage

– Myelo = bone marrow or spine

– Costo = rib

– Osteo = bone

– Crani = skull

مفصل = − ارتوغضروف = − چاندروعظم = − مخ میلو

یا( استخوان مغزنخاع

ضلع = − کاستوعظم = − اوستیوجمجمه = − کرانی

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Muscular Systemعضلی سیستم

• Muscular System – what holds us together

– Myo = muscle

– Tendo = tendon

– Ligament = ligament

مارا – • عضلی سیستممیدارد نگه استوار

عضله = − میووتر = − تیندوراربط = − لیگامنت

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Integumentary (skin) System پوشش ( سیستم جلدی سیستم

external covering– Derma = skin– Onycho = nail

بدن خارجی های قسمتجلد = − دیرماناخن = − اونیکو

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Respiratory System (breathing)( کردن ( تنفس تنفس سیستم

– Rhino = nose

– Laryngo = larynx

– Tracheo = upper windpipe or trachea

– Broncho = lower windpipe or bronchus

– Pulmo and pneumo = lungs

– Pnea = breath or breathing

انف = − رینوحنجره = − لرنگوهای = − پایپ یا شزن تراخیو

علویهای = − پایپ یا قصبات برانشو

سفلیها = − شش یا ریه نیومو و پلموکردن = − تنفس یا تنفس نییا

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Digestive Systemهضمی Provides nutrients سیستم

– Oro and Stoma = Mouth

– Lingua and glossa = Tongue

– Dento and odonto = Teeth

– Cheilo = Lip

– Gingivo = Gums

– Gastro = Stomach

– Entero = Intestines

– Colo = Colon

– Procto and ano = Rectum

مغذی ماده کننده فراهم

دهن = – ستومو و اوروزبان = – گلوسو و لنگودندان = – اودونتو و دنتولب = – چیلوبیره = – جنگیوومعده = – گاستروکوچک = – امعاء انتیروبزرگ = – امعاء کولومقعد = – اینو و پراکتو

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Accessory Organs of the Digestive Systemهضمی سیستم ضمیصوی اعضای

– Hepato = Liver

– Cholecysto = Gallbladder

– Celio and abdomino = Abdomen

– Lapro = Abdomen layer

کبد = − هیپاتوسستو = − کولی

صفرا کیسهابدامینو − و سیلیو

بطن= بطن = − جدار لیپرو

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Circulatory Systemخون دوران سیستم

– Cardio = Heart

– Angio and vaso = Vessels

– Phlebo and veno = Vein

– Arterio = Artery

– Thrombo = Blood Clot

– Hemo = Blood

قلب = − کاردیوواسو − و انجیو

اوعیه=ورید = − وینو و فلیبوشیران = − ارتیریوعلقه = − ترومبو

خون شدنخون = − هیمو

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Nervous System عصبی .How we are wired سیستم

– Neuro = Neuro

– Cerebro and encephalo = Brain

– Psycho and mento =Psych and Mental

– Esthesia = Sensation

– Myel = Spinal Cord

– Mening = Cover of spinal cord

– Cehpal = Head

ایم شده تعصیب چگونهعصب = − نیرودماغ = − انسیفالو و سیربروروانی = − و روحی منتو و ساکوحسیت = − استیشیاشوکی = − نخاغ میالرا = − نخاع که دماغی غشاء میننگ

پوشانیده رأس = − سیفال

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Urinary Systemبولی سیستم

– Nephro and rena = Kidney

– Uretero = Ureter

– Cysto = Bladder

– Urethro = Urethro

– Uro and uria = Urine

– Lith = Stone

رینا = − و نفروکلیه

یوریتیرو −حالب=

مثانه = − سستویوریدرو = −

احلیلیوریا = − و یورو

ادرار سنگ = − لید

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Male Reproductive System مذکر تکثری سیستم

– Orchio = Testicle – Balan = Glands – Andr = Male – Prostat = Prostate – Vas = Vas

خصیه = − اورچیوقضیب = − رأس بالنمذکر = − اندرپروستات = − غده پروتیتاوعیه = − واس

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Female Reproductive Systemمؤنث تکثری سیستم

– Hystero and metro = Uterus

– Oophoro = Ovary – Salpingo = Falopian Tube – Colp = Vagina – meno = Period– Mammo = Breast

رحم = − مترو و هستوروتخمدان = − اوفورونفیره = − سلپنگومهبل = − کولپماهوار = − عادت مینوثدیه = − ممو

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Special Sensesحسی Eyes • خواص

– Ophthalmo and oculo = Eye

– Opto = Vision

– Blepharo = Eyelip

– Kerato = Cornea

– Dacryo = Tear

• Ears

– Oto = Ear

– Tympano and myringo = Ear drum

• Chemical senses

– Olfaction = Smell

– Gustatory = Taste

چشمان •چشم = • اکلو و اوفتلمودید = • اوپتوجفن = • بلیفاروقرنیه = • تو کیرااشک = • داکریو

ها • گوش

گوش = − اوتوطبل = − غشای میرنگو و تمپانو

کیمیاوی • خواصیایی = − بو اولفکشنذایقه = − گستاتوری

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Endocrine Systemکرین اندو سیستم

– Hormones

• Chemical substances used to send a message

• How fast we burn fuel

• How tall we grow

• Our sexual characteristics

• How we digest food

• How we respond to stress

هورمونها −ماده • یک از عبارت

جهت که بوده کیمیاویاستفاده پیام یک ارسال

میگردد. ما • سرعت به چگونه

به را غذای مواد میتوانیمبرسانیم مصرف

مینماییم • رشد ما چگونهما • جنسیت مشخصاتهضم • را غذا چگونه

مینماییم فشار • مقابل در چگونه

العمل عکس روحیمیدهیم نشان

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Immune System

How our body fights infection

– Lympho = Lymph

– Spleno = Spleen

– Phago = Eat

– Cyto = cell

(Insert Dari)

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Practice Questions(Insert Dari)

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Question #1(Insert Dari)

A doctor calls the pharmacy to ask if there is a formulation of acetaminophen that can be administered by intravenous.

What does intravenous mean? And identify the root word

(Insert Dari)

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Answers(Insert Dari)

• Intravenous

Veno is the root word meaning vein

Intra means within

Answer: within the vein

The physician is looking for an injectable formulation.

• Insert Dari

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Question #2 (Insert Dari)

You are a pharmacy technician working in the hospital dispensary. A patient comes to the counter and drops off a prescription, you notice the diagnosis listed on the prescription is gastralgia.

What does gastralgia mean? And identify the root word.

Insert Dari

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Answers (Insert Dari)

• Gastralgia

Gastro is the root word meaning stomach

-algia means pain

Answer: stomach pain

• Insert Dari

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Question #3(Insert Dari)

You are a pharmacy technician working at the polyclinic pharmacy, you overhear one of the physicians asking the pharmacist which antibiotic he should give to a patient he believes has otitis media.

What does otitis media mean? And identify the root word

Insert Dari

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Answers (Insert Dari)

• Otitis media

oto is the root word meaning ear

-itis means inflammation

media means middle

Answer: inflammation of the middle ear (usually caused by an infection)

Insert dari

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Questions? (Insert Dari)

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In-class Assignment(Insert Dari)

There will be 10 questions in total. Students are to record their answers on paper and once completed the instructor will review the answers with the class.

(Insert Dari)

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Question #1 (Insert Dari)

Which of the following describes pain?

a) -oma

b) -rrhagia

c) -algia

d) -osis

Insert Dari.1

(a

(b

(c

(d

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Question #2(Insert Dari)

Which of the following refers to inflammation?

a) -uria

b) -ous

c) -emia

d) -itis

Insert Dari.2

(a

(b

(c

(d

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Question #3(Insert Dari)

Match the following prefixes with the correct description:

a) anti- 1) slow

b) brady- 2) after

c) hypo- 3) against

d) post- 4) too little

Insert Dari:

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Question #4(Insert Dari)

What do the following root words mean?

a) cardio

b) gastro

c) oro

d) arthro

e) osteo

Insert Dari

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Question #5 (Insert Dari)

What does rhinorrhea mean?

Insert Dari

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Question #6(Insert Dari)

What does bronchitis mean?

Insert Dari

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Question #7(Insert Dari)

What does pneumonia mean?

Insert Dari

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Question #8(Insert Dari)

What does tachycardia mean?

Insert Dari

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Question #9 (Insert Dari)

What does appendectomy mean?

Insert Dari

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Question #10 (Insert Dari)

What does splenomegaly mean?

Insert Dari