6 th lntern at o n al S ソm p O siu rrl on th e

A E R O D Y N A M IC S A N D V E N T IL A T 10 N

O F !V E H IC L E T U N N E L S

D urh a H l, E n gian d : 2 7‐29 S eptem b er 19 8 8

P A P E R F l t

P R A C T I C A 「r」 T E S T O F E IV E E R G E N C Y

v ]回 N r rr tt L A T 工 0 1て C O IV I B I い軍]E I ) W I I 干]臣 B U S

F tt R I N G Aアr 狂

｀I I E K A N ― E T S U T U N N E L

A k isa to M IZ U N O : K oどa k u itt U n iv e r sity , T o k y o

H id eo O H A S III: U n iv e r sity o f T o k y o , T o k y o

T O s h iO Is I ID A K A : P a c ific C o n su lta n ts ln te r n a tio n a l, T o k y o

lc h ir o N A K A H O R I: M itSu b is h i E le c tr ic c O r p o r a i o n , K o b e

S h o ic h i K IM U R A : N o h m tt B 6 sa i, T o k y o

H iro s h i F U J IM U R A : N ih o■ D o r o K o d a n , T o F y o

S U M M A R Y

T h e K a n - 6 ts u tu n n e l is th e lo n g e s t r o a d tu n n e l in 」a p a n , e q u ip p e d w ith lo n ―

g itu d in a l v e n tila tio n s y s te m c o m b in e d w ith e le c tr o s ta tic p r e c ip ita to F s a n d v e r tic a l

s h a fts . T h e e m e r g e n c y v e n tila ti6 n s y s te m fo r th e tu n n e l h a d b e e n s tu d ie d ,

th r O u g h n u m e r ic a l sin u la tio n , so th a t w in d v elo c ity in th e tu n n e l w o u ld b e d a m p e d

q ttiC k ly b y m ea n s o f j9 1 fa n c O n tr o l in c a se o f fir e . T h e fu ll sy s te m p ro p o se d in

th e n u m e r ic a l sim u la tiO n w a s in ttta lle d a n d d e ta i16 d te S ts w e r e p e r fo r m e d fo r th e

co n fir m a tio n o f th e p e r fo r m a n c e o f th e sy stO m b e fo r e p u b lic se r v ic e . In th ё te st,

jet fan s or actu al tru ck S W ere u sed to sim u la te th e tr affic in flu e n ce , A lso jet

fan s w ere u sed to su b stitu te n atu ral w in d effect, B y con trollin g th e rest of th e

jet fa n s a q u ick red u cti6■ Of th e w in d V elocity w a s ob tain ed w h ich W a s q▼alita一

t、をly siコilar to th e sim u latめn resuユts,

A lo n g w ith so m e of th e a b 6v e m en tio4 ed te sts, tray s of g asOh n e or u sed b u sses

w ere set on firo in ord er to ob serv e th e b eh av ior of sm ok e carried b y th e ,o4 -

trolle d w in d V elo city . In th e w o r st ca tte, dёn se sm o k e reath ed lo00Hl from th e

fire p oin t in 20 m in u tes, w h ich iS CO n sid ered to b e a satisfactory rest lt to attow

refu g e actio五. ‐

H d d at D urh a血! E nglan d , O rganるed an d sp o n so red bソB H R A , T h e F ld d E n gin喫血w C tttre` ‐

◎ BH RA ,T tt Fluid E軽出cettng C tttrc,C rahfield,Bedford,M K43 0A」,England 1988.

3 5 3

1 , IN T R O D U C T 王O N !

T h e K e n ―e ts u tu + 五e l (le n どth :10 ,9 2 6れ) !is e t u ェp pe 。 ャi'1 19 4 宮itt 卓Ⅲ a : ‐Y も4 ti10 11 五i s . s

二

te m w ith tw O v e r tic a l s h a Ftと とn d riv elもle c tr o F ta ,iC !p r e c ip i

l車。=i S ta ti9 五怠′(l lt l I

, 1 111

bё u sed for をontraflow traffit for sёveral yeaFs u tttil the other Shaft w ill bo どOm ニ

やlёl o d i4 1‐ 1 9 9 1 . t軍, | l

h iS iO ●r io d i4 8 j e , f a n S _l r e ln s , a l16 d i n O r d O F t O in d u c さ

五9 c e s s 早= ャ=

c u あ至IIセヤ O f ↓1 4 t ilとtib 4 f 10 ャ !in a d d i,io n tO O t 4 e r iヤゃn tェ▲tb r S S I n c とs c O f

fi■●jもt ね蔦 |ふei t。もe と。nt二も1led i五もhergⅢとy ⅢOd。16 1中■|lё a‐= 111キ

・woul。

もё re,↓もedil早占9。→とS 占o早sijle.| | ‐ ‐ ! | ‐ 1 1 ! ‐ ‐

‐T hiき tu iⅢellis etu ipどとよ w itt a n eYとCuよtiln t志五五とi お左rallei to tie h ttin shよft w it五C O n n l C t in g p a s s ュ旨e s e v もr y 3 5 0 m , I l iS t h O r e f l r e im p o l ,a n li fo F t h e lどとg s e 五占ёr s

t単と, la fav9rable evacuatiもn lェTcuttstance r°uld ,e i事ュin,早i五ed f6r thや すIrSt fewm ittu teS of a fire. T h e m asる of tair iさ con sioゃFed as ifii, 市ゃre a

・lu m p 1 0f こ。lid

bod y ェ五 acc61era tiOn or d eceleratib n , M OreOv er tra ffic fO rte after thё fir● I意stron g ly tran sien t. T h eso t帝o ,are th e m ain rea soュ that the air in th e tu n ttelShOu ltt be cbtttr01led au ton aticallyt

t i !

A ‐series of ttu m ёrical sim uユatiOA s of em ёrgゃnさy v e4 tilatめ五 had b●ёn p erfor血もd ex二

t e 4 s iv e ly to c e r t if y t h e o 6 占s ib ii t y o f―v a F iO u s

i C O n t1 0 玉 = e g i五●亭 ヤh iC h t h P a u ,l o r shttd roPOrted iO the lattt sジm poSittm (2)。 In this slm ulatiOn 48 jet fatts tterゃ utilとize d a tt th e a ctu a to r O f th e co n trO I S y Ste m a n d d riv en forttard Or rev er se . !It

glVe fav9rab16 results itt Providittg a cuick reductibn Of thも air flow , w hich w ass u f f ic :ёn t r e a 早? n t O in ゃt a ll t h iF e m e r g O n c y C O Iltr o lle r in tも t h e a C t u a l s y s tもm b e r

s id e s 争 叫o r e S O p h itttic a te d c O n tr b l s y s t e m f O r O r d in a r y v 6 4 tn a tib II. | ‐ ―

■早On g Y ttri9u s testtt an d attju st蕊ettts p 9rf9rm ed itt the m eユn tin e bもtw 6en th eC?m ple→お五 尋五d ithe bpening fbr serヤiCe rof the tu nhel, a iserics of teSts to checkth e pもTfor志.五じゃ bf th e em もを占さIと, cO tttr。ュi 志ジs,ё車I 市aS O五も of th e m 。車t u n u si a lb ocau se w e‐ h ttd h ttd n O su ch ex p erie■tさ b efOre th en . !

M OSt 9f tthe ёmゃr宮lncy ●94trol testsforce a■d 4atural ャind w ith jetifa4sfect. ‐ In orderi to cёrtiftt the actual

r ere started COn secu tiv ely b efOr6 th e

th e tran 占:ёn t Of u n b▲lan cも I五 traffic

w ere p e rform ёd u IId er su b こtitt tio n Of traffic

so th at it cou ld 4cP ro d u Ce its t=●n sie n t ef‐

traffic force 50 tru lk s w ere in tro d u とさd !a n d

ittssuh ed aとcid。五, 市hich ttould cOrとるsゎ。nd tofo r o e c t

0 9 m b i4 e d 、fith th 6 p ёr fb rぃ。4 c P 'e s,, 9 f e m やr g O n c y 1 0 n tr 9 1, やX p e r ilne n ls 1lha th a c tt a l

fi=ゃl w a S a l古O p 9 r fO r m e d , 14 古とiC h th r e e d im e n s io n a l b e h a v iO F o f s m o k o w b すld i b e

o b s e r v e d , 「 ‐ _

21 TコS T O F W IN D ■R E D U C T Io N c o N T R O L ‐

1 11

111 品:!a‐占l fil? 、 卓とを6とを| !

‐c6ntl11‐m。ゑ ―slゑ1 点よtl :liy と手れ、と= i品ユ|五:=上

g e l C y O ■9 ・ .T ヤO V e F til 今I S h a f i s i ▲至d it S f a ■s a r e is h u t id o w 五.‐ T h o c 6 n tr o l is ! o 文■

eCu ,ed 6n ly th rOu g h i6 n-6ff 6p●ratiott oi 48 jet fan s. T hei em ergさn cy c6n trol logicis dёscrib e卓 ■s litt Fig ,l w h iCh is fu n d an.en tally a ●。m binよtio五 6fi tr,ffit tf●ld fOr■

W artt attd airflow fёもd O車lk・ A ll of ith e jet fan s ca4 b e やp ertttod r,V OTse, 'u t th en t茄ber Of jet fan s tO b e started in lo FeCO n d sl iSl littite。 ,9

‐14「d u 6 to p o w 。と

capallty t i l―| ・

― f !

４５３

T h e tim e h is to r y o f a n e v e n t w a s d e fin e d a s :

t= - 6 0 s a n a c c id e n t h a p p e n s i

ti O s 6 0 se c o n d s la te r fir e b r e a k s o u t,

an d all v en tilators in clu d in g jёt fan s are sh u t dow n ; ′

t= 90 s 9 0 se co n d s a fte r th e fir e b r e a k o u t, e m e r g en c y co n tro l m o d e sta r ts ;‐ (T h iS d e la y w a s s e t fo r th e te s ts o n ly fo r p ro te c tio n O f th e m o to r ; in tl e

a c tu a l o p e r a tio n th e d ela y is r e n o v e d fo r q u ic k e r r e sp o n se 。)

A n a c c id e ttt b lo c k s th e tra ffic f16 w b e h in d it, o n th e o th ёr h a n d

in tt fr6品 th e p o in t a r e fr eё. T h e r e fO r e th e e ffe c t o f tr a ffic

tr a n ttie n t a fte r th e a c c id e n t

tr a ffic fo r c e tta S e x e r te d b y

l ) Je t fa n s a r e u se d

o f th e v e h ic le s ;

2 ) A C tu a l tr u c k s a r e o r d e r e d to Sta r t, c o r r e s p o ttd i4 g to 30 0 v e h ic le s p e r

h o u r .

T h も e m e F g e n C y co n tr o l sy ste m in s ta lle d in c lu d e s fo llo w in g r eどim e s :

玉1 : A ll v e n tila to r s a r e s h u t d o w n r ig h t a fte r th e fir e b r e a k O u t. T h e

silnp le sl b u t n Ot alw a y s th e b es, m eth Od ・

K 2 : C o IIsta n t o p e ra tio n o f y e n tila tio n p ro g ra m m ed in a d v a n ce So th a t th e

offett bf traffit an d n a tu ral ヤin d ttou ld b e m in im ized .

K 3: F eed b ack con trol fo r zero w in d v elocity w ith feed fo rw ard term of traf―

fic .

K 3 ': S a h e a s X 3 ex ce p t th at p artial exh au stion frOm v eFtical‐ sh afis StartS

10 m in u tes later.

W h en b oth traffic force an d n atu ral w in d are sim u lated b y set fan s, th e n u ttb er

Of jOt fan s ,v allab le for au tom atic con trol is 24, h alf of th e tOtal eq u ip口en t, w h ich

w ill g iv e w or se co n d itio n in v iew of qu ick red u ction of air flow v elocity in th e

tu n n el.

2 .2 R e su lts o f e m e r g e n c y co n tro l te st

u n d e r th e c o n d itib n s o f 8 0 0 v e h ./ h , 6 :4 tr a ffic ra tio (S o u th /N o r th b O u n d ), 2 .5m / s

n a tu r a l w in d , v a r io u s c o n tr o l m o d e s w e r e c o m p a r e d (F ig 。2 ). Itt th e K l o p e r a tio n

th e a ir flo w v e lo city is stro n g ly d e p e n d e n t o n th e n a tu ra l W in d , r e a c h in g a r a th e r

h ig h v a lu e . U n d e r K 3 co n tro l th e v e lo c ity c o m e s d O w n to ze ro q u ic k ly a n d sta y s

th e r e a lth o u tth th e r e is sm a ll flu c tu a tib n .

d e p e n d in g u p o n T h e r e in th e tu n n el

eith e r o f th e fo llo w in g tw o w a y s :

tO Si3m u la te th e tra n sie n t c h a n g e o f

th e v eh icle s ieav ―

fo rc e is stro n g ly

it h a p p en s. T h e

th e p isto ll effect

a n d - 2 .5 1n/ s (F ig 。3 ).

In fir S t tw o m in u te s

A fte r th e tra ffic fo r c e

r e s p e c tiV e v e lo c ity o f

N atu ral w in d w a s sim u lated b y jet fan s as +2.5 m /s, 0 ぃ/S

T h e effect of n atu ral w in d is relev an t on ly in K 1 0p eration .

v eloもity cOm es d oヤn to ab ou t 2 m /s eq u ally for each caFe'

d im in ish e s th e air V e 10 city どra d u ally a p p ro ac h e s to th e

n atu ral w in dも r

W h en an accid en t occu rs in th e tu n n el th e v eh icle s ap p roa c h in g il b in d u p a t

th a t p 9 in t, O n tl e Oth e r h a lld th e v eh icle s lea v in g fro m th ё p o in t ru n aw a y

freely . In a lon g tu 4 n el l主k e th e p resen t casё th e p oin t of th e accid en t, or thё

fire , h a s a cr半Cial effゃcl on thや p h en om e4 a. In F ig。4, w h en th e p oin t is u p stream

p o sitiv e d Fa g b y v e h icle S rem ュlA s for sev eral m in u te s , a n d V iCe v e r sa . T h e

velocitヤ apprOaches asyttptotically to the natural w ind V elocity after 15 m inu tes

fo r e v e r y c a s e `

3 5 5

]VIP St ?f th e p resont ifi91d exp erim en ts マヽゃre p Orfo=m ed ru n d eF aSSu n ed con dition s ioftraffic a, d ittatu ral w in d sim u lated by je t fa n F, F 9r ccrtify in宮 lh iS

‐m eth oo , 510h e a v y tFu c k s w e re もElp 10 y e d to もxёrt tr a n sie n t fO r ce o f 3 00 v e h ./ h a n dS O u t h / N o r t h b O u n d r a t i O

lo f 0 1 1 0 , T h e t r d こ k s ttr e r ё s t a r t e d a t a t O n s t a tt t ll t i lY lё i 五 一

le r

γa l F = O W id O w ■亨

t r ёa IIl o f l h も 「f ir e lp 6 in t T h iC h W 6 d ld c O r r e s p O n d t。 l h e a c tu a l

phenO血ena. ェ早 rig.5 tho restitS from lとこtual truもks alaこ bヤ jet Fatt simulatiott arさc9hpared twitい―the same control rettine Xl. 1■ thi号 |ュSI Yerヤ 督61di ttgすも91ne41 iSObSeryed. i Fi宮16 占=o寺s cohparisbtt uttdёl .耳3

' ゃo五ィ| ,|■ ヤ■。| ||, w■dt rこdtclF

雑毛雑恥札譜子鱒群a群 鮮1革務私督号登Fi鯖1鎌i卓野ぱ腎|ギThe aul五9rS pさ=fOrhed 。 さёrieslof nt品とric左l sitttiとtil‐五古 i五

‐るゴoもI lt61とhelk tier e a h lγ

‐ O f th iS f雫 卓つa c と C O n l= b l もy S te m ifo r e tte r = P■●予(2 ). 4 11 h O u どth i と, 占1 9 1 10 ' e

COm おユred :1注tl thl p resent l.St, t■9=e W eとさ som e i difficulty beclu se l) d6Si占4v alu c of !↓Flffic (ad 9 p ted in sim ttlatiOn ) cbu ld 4ot b e sim u lated w it五

モjもt fan s,

‐2)aV aI二a,le jёt fan s w erё On ly h alfす th e iest w ere ёn ga gёd for traffic a n d 4 a tu ralw il■d silhu lation !, 39 ‐d ёtailed con trol !16蒼ic w erё not iFattё b6tT een lh ?lt tr o‐ T h 6num erical sim ulation w as thereforゃ!pゃrfOrm ed agaょi w ith the tOttdi il五Si of _thと もx_p e r im e n t i4 W h iC h t h e a c t tla l l p e r a tio II o

f f a n S ttr ? tr ttn S fO r tte tt

i to l l e S im u la t? r t

I五 .F ig ,7 q t a lita ti↓e a ttr さもh e n t is S e e n f O r b o t h K l a n d K を, c o n t r 0 1 r 6 g im o s , I五

9= dゃr tp g et h itth もと こるin cid も五te in fu tu re it itt FeCOm h en d ed tO in trod u te m Ore

realistic p aralneters a■d coefficien tき ちased On ёxp 9rih ettts. .

3.! G A S O L IN E T R A Y A N D B U s F IR E ‐ | ! ― |

3。l c on d itiOn s for i rei test i l ‐ i i

ln the study Of inu m erilal s主i ulatio■(2), a on●i din ensionとl h odel w as ёttplbするd sもthat ia sim pler attd

tm Ore esSential undёrs,alding cOuュd bё !9btained. In ,he actu,1fire in the tunnel, how e↓er, the bもhaviOr of 意Ⅲo“e! れay be difFerent m とinly bゃすcau sё it m ov es three―ditten sion阜1ly esp ecI11ly near ilhe fire pOint du e !toli str04どtlerm■l effeCt. In ‐。rdeF to clarify this difference bёtw een nu m erical sin t lationand ttCtual pheno■6●a, firゃ

itests W eTさ pゃrform ed 14 w hiCh l? 宮,S911ne tlay firingsa n d tw O i ca se s of b u s i re s iャёre O b serv ёd u n d er v attou s v en tila在5五 rOどま五os, In

挙:ゴ輔1鵠背程1貫蓋:群糧r掘肝‐軍。拭討魂ポ札

S韻 亀もf艦 露

b e sim ila r to th a t O f a tt a l tu ▲l b u s . ~ ‐ !

Tho effect of lhe iヤater lprayl■g iSySte品 64 thも difft sion i bf islnoke w as also ёx―

a m inもd とlo 4 g w ith th e a b ov も m en tiO n ed―b u s fire .

‐ ‐ . ―f i j

M ea su ron en ts w erO iねa d e 。4 tem p ёrat, re i d istrib u ti6 n , sm Ok e d iStrib u tio n , in ten sity

o f r a d ia t iO n f r o m t h P f ir もす C 9 卓ё●S it y , a ir f lo ヤ v e lo c it y diiS l r ib ■tib n S w it h in c r O s s

sec ti6●s,iaX ial m 6v oれёn t of lさm ok e an d v isib ility ‐6b serv ation o y p lop le at sev eral

p oin ts‐ 「 ‐ | | 「 : ! t ‐

3,2 D istribi tiOn of sh o止● con cen tration t i ! !

T y p il a l i r e F 1ltも fO r‐it h e 「c O m p a tt so ■‐b P tW e l 五 th e tヤo ‐c a S e S b f 「K l a n d K 3 o p e r a d o n s

ュl e l ‐3 r e s e 五le d itt F ig .o 争→卓 = i百10 (も品O l e d さn S it y d is tF ib u tio n in 10 ■宮itu d in a ユニ

ヤ。r ti6 a l c r。意亭 sゃゃtio n w ith tim ゃ). I C S [1′■l iS th e s品6 k 6 d e= s ity d ёfI五ld l i車

ィどと1/1b ettp(二cs・た) il l ! | 1 1

3 56

w h ere r :t sib ttty , I:n ea su red in ten d ty , Iば in te n sity w ith Ou t sm ok e , を:d ista llce p e―

tw c e n h どとt so t l'c e a n d d e te c to r . C s工0。4 と/ m lna y b ё co n gid e r e d 4 s a c r itic母1

v alu l fo r th e p a ssen g er to b e a b le tO eV acu tttO i C om m o五 もxp erI叫en tal co n ttitiO n 占

a re

S o u r c e o f fir e : 4 s q u a r e m e te r tr a y o f g a s o lille . !

IN at.lra l ヤin d : ■2.5 m / s (もim u lated b y jel fa n S )・

T raffic co n d itio n : 800 v e h .ノい, 34.2% of la rg e v e h icle (d ie sel) ratiO ,

S ou th /N o rth b ou n d ratio 6:4

1n th e K l o p eratio n (F i富.5 ) m ov etten t Of Sm o k e is con sid ёra b ly g r ea te r . A fte r 4

m in u te s it reat h e s 600m attd 20 m in u te s later 3000m o S m o k e w ith d en sity O :4 (1/m )

cOh e s d Oャn to l.5m a b oヤe floor lev el after 10 m in u te s in th e reぶO n b etw een 100m

a n d 6 0 0 m d o w n s tre a m . In K 3 m o d e , o n th e oth er h a n d , air flow v elo city coぃe s

d ow n to l m /s in 3 m in u tes a s a re su lt of tjet fttn o p e ratio n tO Ca n cel traffic an d

ェa tu r a l w in d e ffe c t e T h e n o v e n e n t o f s m b k e fr O n t is d e p e n d e n t o n a ir v e lo c ity

for the first m inu tes, and , therゃafter, is diffu siOtt d riv en b y th erh ally in du c●d

flo w .

T he w ater sp ray w as started ュO m inu tes after settin g fire.

d e n se sm o k e w a s o b se rv e d n ea r th ● 10 w e r p a r t o f th o tu n n e l

frO m th e fir e p o ln t. A x ia l d is tr ib u tio n s h o W e d h tlle d f fe r e n c e .

3 .3 C o m p a riso n s o f th も r e su lts w ith n u m e ric a l sim u la tio n s

T h e au th ors Co m p ared th e Fe St ltsi of ,いe p resen t exp erim en t

n u m ericとI Sim u lation , an d 6stab lish 9卓 th e ttcCu racy an d lin it of

th e n u m erictt sim u lation :

1 ) d iStrib u tio n Of Sm o k e in a crO ttS sec tio n is u n ifもrh (o五e d im en sio n al

m od el) w h ich resu lts i4 qu iCk dぜfu sion to th e low er p art.

2 ) M ov さm en t of Sm ok e u p stream is ob Serv ed o n ly if th e flow is rёv ersゃd l

3) Q u ick red u ctio4 0f air f10W is b b tain ed .

4 ) O v erSh Oot h ap p e n s m ore oft?n 。

O n th e oth er h an d th e actu al te sts sh ow ed :

1) A s a re su lt of th erm a l e ffe c t d もn se sn o k e te n d s tO b e a t h ig h le v el

cau sin g d elay of ap p ea ra n ce at l.5m h eiどh t b y seV e ral ■in u te s. A tte n tio n

m u st b e d raw n to th e fa c t th a t th e i s m o k ё, C h ille d b y tra v ゃ1ユn g s 6 v e ra l

hu n d red m eters, com es d oW n tる a lev el that W ot ld intもrfe re w ith

r e fu g e e s .

2 ) W h e n th e s e c tio n a l v e lo c ity is c o n f in e d W it h in l m / s S m o k 9 f10 W S

u p stream alon g the ce工i4 g .

3 ) T h ● ヤe10 C ity o f th e sm o k e fr o n t h a s a h ig h e r sp e e d a n d

la r g e r ex tёn t.

4 ) D a m p in g is d e la y e d a 4 d r e v e F Se W in d o c c u r s le s s o fte n .

4 . C O N C L U S 10 N r

D u r in g s p r a y in g

se c tio n w ith in 3 0 0 m

w ith th e p r e c e d in g

th e p r e d ic tio n o ln

d iffu Se s to a

Althou gh a seFies lof nuぃorical si]nulation had show n that the em erttency control

by feedback w as w orth adopting i4tO actual systもm , nb one had know n if it W Ould

w Ortt prOpetty u ntil the m 9Ⅲent the ttW itCh W as bn, It w as fortunate that W e had

tiine tO COnduct the field experittёn,S unde= varibu s conditions to C04firm the p9r―

form ance of the system . The rёs,lts of the test could be Suコm arュそed as fol10W S:

1 ) T h e a c tu a l

m a llc e fO r th e

cOn trol sy stem for em ergёn cy v entilatiott htts satisfactbrヤ perfOr一

re d u c tio n o f a ir flo W V e 16 c ity in th e tu n n e l.

3 57

尋魯1乙IJユ話F温i豊ヨ母:ま1茎:君畳i漫!i舌trt- 0‐91dⅢ14車占ⅢⅢギf■ヽお: 車|101お=心↓1卓

il 車中ёr子1lF ttY'ギⅢ9r,!ⅢⅢ守=OuSやや■!t・

警亀韻尋‐:軍||ユ手i率t子ず稗1群群芦楽警発譜理譜盤

3) すnd●r K3!to r 耳31 90どratil五l tlもi SIn。キo iS

ti●14finёd ヤithin about十1060h bf thetunnel, eve五 20 由inutes afteri thei firei bどもとkOutt

‐ ‐ t t i 1 1 1 1 t l

R E F E R E N C E S i f l ‐l i l ‐ 1 1 1‐ |■ ‐ | :

「

: ‐‐i モ ー ! 「 f f : ‐― !

|1縄晶:ま鮮畿鑑軽‐竜!詳―群1鵠拳嘉1者総請☆ig

lle T u n n els (Y ork j 口 K̀ 。, 1単とrt1 2。=25, 1982),

I CralttPI～叶=|■手やヽ Fttid Fnttittee必二ng, 198名pぶ3■47.■|「■ l i! ! ―

「 | 「 ! ! | _ ! 、

各 中 叫々 " !牛, O h■亭工■ 単, 今ヽk al ori,.:.・, 4 4 9 1 u ち| ■ヽ

i軍ふe: 車el●= :Ⅲ Ⅲ ltiO n l lギ

丁■ヤ0■t111ti6Ⅲ fOr th や K a n lclSu F Oa d とゃu Ⅲ Pギ| :Ⅲ IF =P?・1母

th 工4 1eⅢaⅢ Ⅲ l SγⅢ・

| お'SIⅢ Ⅲ‐th■■車||五 am i■ ‐ⅢⅢ すo五til早,194 ザ Vlhi中 !Tun491や (Li■eダPra4●■

‐‐| =単a y t

i2 9 T 2 21 11 9 8 5 ),

=o r a n fie ld i V tK l十1 五R A IP II :d i□五査:■eもとin 宮,

119 8 0 , p p ,7 7二9 1 , 「 ‐

| ・1 子

! !

LOgitall lonst=こ●1斉On of!!●五●rどency ttontrblF ig .1

3 58

K l o p era tSb n

T raffic: 800 v eh ./h

South/North bound ratよ): 6:4Large ↓chicゃ(Diesel) ratiC: 34.?%

F ire p o in t in lSt. d iヤtsio n

N とtu ral w in d : Ⅲ2 .5 コ/s

m /S 5

4

3

2

■

0

K 3 op eratib n ‐T raffic: 300 v eh ./h

S ou th /N orth b ou n d ratio : 6:4 ‐

L arg e v eh icle (D ttsel) ratib: 34.2%

F ire p oin t in lSt. d iv ision

N atu ral W in d : Ⅲ2.5 m /Sn / S 5

4

3

2

3 0 ・

m l 1 1 .

F ig .2 T r a n s ie n t o f

(C O m p a r isO n

‐15 。

a ir flo W i4 th e

u n d er d iffe ren t

tu n n el

c O n tr o l r e g in e )

９５３

m / S

「‐o

m / S

■ 1 5

1 4

‐「■ 3 :

2

1 1

1 o

五/ S I

5

l . |‐4

‐ 3

1 2

t i■i

! 0 !!

= : T l と

■2

■二3

下at“=ギ W in卓| 1215 1早/F I I I ■KⅢⅢギ||:も| | ||■ ■

・T r affic : 3 00 v e h ./五 |

s5↓i五えNbrti‐bou tta =atib: 6:4

LIギget!Veh:Cle(つ:OSel) ■年t*下‐ 62.5%

Fユ=ё Oもi4t i五 lst.i di↓isiO五

鞘翻!途塩志|:着亀ま詩警堵乳鷲ま,午,|

N atu ral ヤin d :

革1 0p e■atiOn

m / S

i整イ壌ま蓬f11をt品立軍ユ|||おもi4t ri五1 lstt diヤisibn 11

if子ず程醍群!嘉a手= ‐fiOw h itho itu ttnゃ1 1 1:L ■

==よ0+i Oiffoとと:ti五:tt=ま: tヽ=d)

3 6 0

m /s

n / s

Fi=e pOint in lst. dⅢA siOn

K l operatェon

Trポf北: 800 veh ./h

Sou th /N orth bou nd tratiO: 6:4

LaFge Vetticェe(DieSel)l ratiO: 34.2%

N atu ral w in d : キみ5 コ/s

F ire p oin t i五 2n d . 卓ぷA slo n

K l o p era tib n

T raffic: 800 v eh ./h

s Ou th /N orth bo u n t ratkメ 0:4

L arg e v eh i●le (D iesel) rat宝), 3432%

N atu ral W in d : Ⅲ2.5 m /S

Fire poittt in 3rd. 卓iViSiOn

K 1 0 p e ra tiO n

T r a ffic : 80 0 V e h 。/h

sOuthノNorth bもund ratio: 6:4

Largさ v6hiCle(Diesel) Fatio: 34.2%

N atu ral W in d : + 2.5 n /s

m ■n .

F ig ,4 ‐T r a n sie n t o f

(c o m p a r isO n

air flow in th e

u n d er d ifferen t

tu n n e l

fir e p O in ts )

１６３

m / S

A c tu a l tr u c k 占 i t

N atu ral w in d : キ215 抑/s l「i: |

て1 0p erよti04 ! | . ‐ || l f

T raffic: 300 、す。■1/4‐ 1 ‐| _

S ou th/N orth b Ou n d ratio: o :lo

Large v eh icle (p iesel)‐■atib:1 100χ

Ftte pOittt itt iSt. divisお五 !i

一

■ 2

‐ 3

．

２ ５

■■3

血/ s

! ‐ 6

1 1 5

4

1 ! 3

t i !2

1 1 1

- _0

S im u la tOd ib サ

N atu ral ヤih d :

K 1 6 p eration i

亭導 r黄1車4 .16Ⅲ d rよtお■はユ| |Large vehiclo(pies●1) Fatlo: 100えF■ゃ pOin↓i五 lSt.i diviSお五

h in .

jetfa n s l

Ⅲ2.5 1n/も

ユ

‥

　

２

一．

　

ニ

０３

Fig .5 ‐T ran sien ti of‐

‐ !| |

.(●O m p ttr isO n

とこr f10す・in !th← tu n = 11 ! ‐

be tヤeln actu al tru ck s―an d

362

Je tfa tt si由工1■,ib n )

m / s

5

4

3

2

1

0

-1

‐2

A ctu al tru cとs

N a tu ral w in d : +2.5 _m / s

A 3' Op eratio n

T raffよぅ: 300 v eh ./ h

S bu th /N orth b o u n d ratio : 0 =10 .

L a rg e V e h icle (D ie sёl) ra tiC : 10076

F ire p d n t in lsti d iv isio五

３一

一

２一

Transient Of air flow in the tunnel

(COm parison betw len actual ,ruck早

s ittu lated b y j●tfattS

N atu ral 宙 n d : +2:5 m /s l

K 3' Op eration l

T raffic: 300 v eh ./h

s Ou th /N orth b ou n d ratic: 0:10

L arg e v eh iCle (D ttSel) ratk〕, 100%

F ire p oin t i4 1 lSt・ diV iSiOn

an d jetfan sin u lali。五)

３一

Fig ,6

363

ぃ/S NⅢI■1ヽ車ユ■2●五/S1 1‐9 p e r l liO n i 十1 1 1■ f

Traffi11 300 1ヤehとノhl iｎＯ

鋒器鑑購静Ir ■■■ミ

| , ■ 1

+ ‐2

・ ゴ■31 . 17

車/す「■ :

16

In ■n .

+!2 35 m / S

，Ｌｉヤ．一

す五u m erical ttin u ll車O五 m ■n .

■ | | ■ ! !!| 「| |l t _ ■

■111碑韻選i生幕裏i4 す11litu4■el

i～tual ■事「andt

!_

| :‐

i

~

: i j 千1 : . . . 1 1:一

五こ品と:ゑよ上i品墓ti古五】

3 64

14 u tte r ic a l= s im u

｀!ど! i・!‐! / 1主■/

h eig h t

2 の号 i

eY号岳盟啓督in

―

む傍一

tsギ0.02 ″′

r cヴ多'身l

_ t _ ィl

いてェ「i c s = o ,o 2

r i Cs=α4 1あ

０

２

４

1 6

m int l

Fi宮.8 Distrib u ti。4 0 f Sm 6k e d en sity in lon g itu d in al―v ertical sectio五

=手事r i '

(K l o p e r a tiO n )

５６３

― S 6 u th

8 0 0‐ i

N o ttth

(■〉 6 0 0

!■i tu n nも11 t

F I・!‐|■ |!|!在とこととニチ

０一一一一十一一一一一一一　　　　　　．

‐h eig h こ

2 -の

一一一一一一・　一一一一一一一一一一一一一一・　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　・・・一・一一一一一一一一一一一一一．・一一一・　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　一　　　　　一一一一一一一一一一．・・・・一一一一一一一一一

1滝 iti!沼 既4|′

′

C0 0 (4 )

ミヽ1きすご:ヽ| ｀

も三二盛 = 遼竜左

０

IC s ■0ユ= チ=Lr

|■■二二1さ―迅 ミも一

上|」|| |::と。あ=套f汁:も| き≧差=

ili!ギ背糖毬を主癌器

klギ干寸Fi-11 11 111 1

16五g itu d ittal■v ertical

! 「 | 「i

ももc tio五

m ln

366