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AABCCommissioningGroupAIAProviderNumber50111116
A"erHoursCx–LessonsLearnedfromK-12SchoolsCourseNumber:CXENERGY1705
JimMagee,CxA,EMPFacilityCommissioningGroup
BobKnoedler,P.E.,CxA,EMPHansonProfessionalServicesInc.
April26,2017
Credit(s)earnedoncompleHonofthiscoursewillbereportedtoAIACESforAIAmembers.CerHficatesofCompleHonforbothAIAmembersandnon-AIAmembersareavailableuponrequest.
This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner ofhandling,using,distribuHng,ordealinginanymaterialorproduct._______________________________________ QuesHonsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionofthispresentaHon.
ThispresentaHonisprotectedbyUSandInternaHonalCopyrightlaws.ReproducHon,distribuHon,displayanduseofthepresentaHonwithoutwriUen
permissionofthespeakersisprohibited.
CopyrightMaterials
Engineering | Planning | Allied Services
CopyrightMaterials©2017
CourseDescripHon
ThispresentaHonexamineslessonslearnedfromcommissioningK-12schoolsaswellassomeofthechallengespresentedtoOwners,Architects,Engineers,ContractorsandCommissioningProviders.
LearningObjecHves
1.Learnhowthe2015InternaHonalEnergyConservaHonCodeadopHonimpactsbuildingcommissioningintheK-12educaHonsector.2.Understandtheimportanceofdesignreviewsin‘prototype’schoolswhentheyhaveundergonesiteadaptaHonchanges.3.LearnmethodsofverificaHonofcontrolsintegraHonandcoordinaHngitwithintheschoolandwiththeschooldistrict’sfrontend.4.Learnthepropermethodofoverseeingstart-upandverifyingproperdocumentaHonandTABverificaHoninK-12projects.
Attheendofthethiscourse,parHcipantswillbeableto:
Overview
PlanningandDesign,BidandAwardConstrucHonManagementAcceptanceandOccupancyCaseStudiesHallofShame
PlanningandDesign,BidandAward
PLANNING–BOARDOFEDUCATION
• Firmplansbasedonfixedschoolschedule
• LongRangeScheduleschool/aferschool/non-schooluse• Planforfailuretomeetdeadlines(alternate
accommodaHons,mealservices,aferschoolacHviHes,etc.,etc.,etc.)
• ContainscopetoreasonablephasesofconstrucHon• LifeSafetyandSecurityfocus• CurrentFacilityRequirements/BudgetOperaHons• EnergyManagement
PlanningandDesign,BidandAward
PLANNING–BOARDOFEDUCATION
• Pre-purchasesandtaxexempHon
• ServiceMaintenanceContracts• DefineownerconstrucHonadministraHonprocess• ChangeOrders/ApprovalsHedtoBoEmeeHngs• PlanforConstrucHonTeamfailureconHngencies• IncludeO&M/FaciliHesstaffinplanning• Includeprovisionsforservicemaintenancetraining• Determinediscreteequipment/sofwarenomenclature• ImplementrobustITstaffconstrucHonengagement
PlanningandDesign,BidandAward
RENOVATIONSANDADDITIONSDESIGN
• ImpactonexisHngschooloperaHons• Occupantwayfinding• SegregateconstrucHonarea• ControlnoiseandinterrupHons
• ScheduleforconstrucHon:aferhours/holidays• CoordinaHonwithexisHngsystemsandcontrols• IntegraHonofnewwithexisHngequipmentanduHliHes• Outdatedversionsofequipmentorsofware
PlanningandDesign,BidandAward
DESIGNCONSIDERATIONS
• Oversized/overaggressivescope
• O&MStaffConsideraHons• ServiceMaintenanceContracts• UndefinedcontrolssequencesofoperaHon
• Pre-purchasedandOwnerprocuredprovisions• 3rdPartyvendors,suchasownerprocuredTAB• Owner’sProjectRequirements(OPR)• O&Mstaffappropriatesystems
PlanningandDesign,BidandAward
DESIGNCONSIDERATIONS
• Delivery–CMAR,GC,D-B,D-S-B,DirectPrimes• Closeoutprovisions• BoEcoordinaHonandcooperaHon
• 2012IeCC/2015IeCCandprevailingcodes/regulaHons• LocalAHJs• Sustainabilitygoalsvs.pracHcalapplicaHons• CanwepleaseKISSalready?• ConstrucHonAdministraHon
CxDESIGNREVIEW
• “Prototype”construcHondocumentsarenotveUed-requiredesignreviewforeachproject
• ReviewconstrucHondocumentsfortradecoordinaHonoverlapsandgaps
• Canitbe….designed?constructed?balanced?controlled?operated?adjusted?tested?maintained?...perOPR?
PlanningandDesign,BidandAward
• CxPlanshallbedevelopedbyregistereddesignprofessionalorapprovedagency&requiredforpermiqng
• Systemsrequiredtobecommissionedinclude:• MechanicalHVACsystemsandassociatedcontrols
• ElectricallighHngsystemsandassociatedcontrols
• ServicewaterheaHngsystems
• Renewableenergysystems
• CodeincludesrequirementsforHVACsystembalancing,funcHonaltesHng,anddocumentaHon,includingO&Mmanuals
• BuildingnotconsideredforfinalinspecHon,unHlAHJreceivesleUerfromOwnerthathehasreceivedthePreliminaryCommissioningReport
• Cximpactsbuildingoccupancy
2015INTERNATIONALENERGYCONSERVATIONCODE
PlanningandDesign,BidandAward
PlanningandDesign,BidandAward
BIDANDAWARD
• CxAparHcipaHonatPre-BidMeeHng(s)• CxAparHcipaHonatPreconstrucHonMeeHng
• CxPlan• RolesandresponsibiliHesforallteammembers• IncorporateCxacHviHesinscheduletocomplete
priortoschoolopening• ConstraintsregardingtesHngaferschoolopens• ProvisionsforAHJCxrequirements• CommunicaHonprotocols• CommissioningTeam
ConstrucHonManagement
RENOVATIONSANDADDITIONSPRE-CONSTRUCTION
• AccurateCostEsHmaHng• ConstructabilityAnalysis• ValueEngineering• ProjectCoordinaHon• SiteLogisHcs&Planning• EquipmentOrdering• BidPackageDevelopment
ConstrucHonManagement
RENOVATIONSANDADDITIONSCONSTRUCTION• On-SiteProjectStaff• ManageTradeContractors• ConductProgressMeeHngs• MonitorCostControl• MaintainTime&Materials• ImplementQualityControl• Safety
ConstrucHonManagement
RENOVATIONSANDADDITIONSPOST-CONSTRUCTION • Start-Up/Commissioning• Punch-listandInspecHons• FireMarshallInspecHons• As-BuiltDrawings• O&MManuals• SpecialDocumentaHon• NearEndofWarrantyReview
ConstrucHonManagement
SUBMITTALREVIEWPROCESS• Pre-purchasedequipment/materials
• Ownerprocuredequipment/materials
• DesignTeamandCxAengagement
• CoordinaHon/compaHbility
• ContractorresponsibiliHes• Warrantyrequirements
ConstrucHonManagement
COMMUNICATION
• OACandCxprogressmeeHngs• SiteObservaHonVisits/IssuesLog
• ConstrucHonScheduleUpdates• FieldTesHng–Hydronic/DuctLeakage
• Pre-InstallaHonMeeHngs• PayrollRequests
ConstrucHonManagement
QualityControl
• Pre-InstallaHonMeeHngs• InstallaHonTests(duct/pipeleakage)• Mock-UpWall(envelope)• SystemVerificaHonChecklists• Start-UpReports• FuncHonalPerformanceTests• O&MManualsandTraining
ConstrucHonManagement
QualityControl–HydronicFlushingandTreatment
• Specifications include step-by-step start-up & testing procedure details
• Conduct a meeting prior to the contractor starting his flushing, review procedures and witness a portion of the process
• Bypass all coils, control valves and appurtenances, etc. & back-flush fouled
components and clean/replace strainers
• After treatment, request water analysis to ensure all parameters (pH, TDS, Chlorides, etc.) are within manufacturer’s tolerances.
ConstrucHonManagement
QUALITYCONTROL–HYDRONICFLUSHINGANDTREATMENT
• Chainofcustodyforwatertreatmentresponsibilitytransferfromcontractortoowneratendofwarranty
• Clearlyestablishwarrantydates• Considerextendedwarrantyandservicemaintenance
provisions
ConstrucHonManagement
DESIGN/CONSTRUCTION–INTEGRATIONOFBASANDOEM• Conduct“ControlsIntegraHonandInteroperability”meeHngsduringdesignand
construcHon
• IncludeContractorResponsibilityMatrix
• Ensurecontrolsarecompleteandappropriatefortheproject
• Integrated,factorymounted,pre-programmed(OEM)controlsmayoperateunderaproprietaryprotocol
OPERATIONSANDMAINTENANCE(O&M)STAFFTRAINING
• ReviewOperaHonsandMaintenanceManuals
• WriUencurriculaandsequencefortraining
• Usefactorytrainedteachers
• ½day(Hme)inclassroomseqng
• ½day(Hme)infieldwithequipment/system
• Video/Audiorecordtraining(VHS/DVD)• ConsiderShifWorkers
• Sign-InSheets
OccupancyandAcceptance
OccupancyandAcceptance
• DescripHonofSystems
• Start-upProcedures
• OperaHonalProcedures• Shut-downProcedures
• EmergencyProcedures
• MaintenanceProcedures
• SparePartsandTools
O&M STAFF TRAINING AND HANDS-ON OPERATION
OccupancyandAcceptance
WARRANTY• Close-Out• FinalPayment• Off-SeasonAcHviHes• PreventaHveMaintenance• EnergyUseBaseline• EnergyModelCalibraHon• CEBCSData• NearEndWarrantyReview
OccupancyandAcceptance
OFF-SEASONMODETESTINGANDVERIFICATION/TRENDING
• OppositeseasonFPTs• CUPPlantIntegraHon• WinterizaHon• SeasonalModeChanges• PMQuesHons• ChronicIssuesLog• ExtendedWarranHes• OperaHonsEvaluaHon
OccupancyandAcceptance
OFF-SEASONMODETESTINGANDVERIFICATION/TRENDING
• Review/CreateTrendsforPerformanceEvaluaHon• ExteriorLighHng–Scheduling• ExteriorEnclosures–InfraredImaging• Chillers/CoolingTowers/CondenserWater• Boilers/HeatExchangers/Steam• Geothermal/Water-to-WaterHeatPumps• VRV/VRFSystems–WinterOperaHon• FreezeProtecHon
OccupancyandAcceptance
OFF-SEASONMODETRAINING
• ControlsDDC/BAS/BMS• ReviewTrendsandEvaluatePerformance• ReviewBAS(Scheduling/Alarms)• SeasonalPreventaHveMaintenance• DVDVideo/AudioofTrainingSessions• Sign-InSheets• WinterizaHon/SeasonalChanges• OpHmizaHon
OccupancyandAcceptance
NEARENDOFWARRANTYREVIEW/PROJECTCLOSEOUT
• ReviewTrendsandEvaluatePerformance• ReviewBAS(Scheduling/Alarms)• ChronicIssues/Failures• OperaHonsIssues• MaintenanceIssues/ReviewLogs• UHlityBills–EnergyConsumpHon• EnergyManagement(ProsandCons)• ThoroughWalk-Throughw/ProjectTeam
OccupancyandAcceptance
ON-GOINGCxENERGYINFORMATION• For School Districts with an ‘Energy Manager’,
energy performance may be at odds with comfort.
• More districts monitor and track energy consumption and system performance daily, often relying on Energy Information Systems
• Potential market for CxAs and EMPs for M&V and to support the collection and analysis of this energy data
Case Study – Design Cx
ActualNoteonMechanicalDrawingsre:MinimumFlowBalanceforVAVs:
• MinimumFlowscheduledondrawingsrepresentsminimumOAduringOccupiedMode
• However,thismaybelessthantherequiredminimumflowrequiredbytheterminalboxmanufacturer
• TheTABcontractorandControlscontractorshalldeterminethedifferencebetweentheminimumOAandtheminimumterminalunitairflowrequirementandaddtheaddiHonalairnecessaryperboxtoensureproperoperaHon
• Whoisthefinaldesigner?………
CaseStudy–ControlsCx
DifferencebetweenChillerwithseparatePumpsandChillerwithintegralPumps
• Lowambient“sof”freezeprotecHonthroughBASvs.pre-programmedlowtemperatureprotecHonsequencewithinchillercontrols
• Differentcontrolsensors–outdoorambientairvs.mixedairtemperatureupstreamofcoil
• AswriUen,controlsequencewouldnotwork,BASdoesnotcontrolpumps.
• Needtocoordinatesequencestoworkinconcertwithoneanother.
Case Study – Controls Cx
VAVdiffusers(Therma-Fusers)connectedtoVAVTerminalUnits
• ‘Intent’wastoprovideimprovedoccupantcontrolinindividualrooms.
• InlieuofstaHcpressurecontrolforVAVterminalunit,areturnairtemperaturesensorwasuHlized
• WithoutstaHcpressurecontrol,toomuch(ortooliUle)airmaybedeliveredthroughtheTherma-Fusers
• MostVAVterminalunitsareequippedwithon-boardcontrollersthatrespondtospacetemperature.TheseneedtobecustomizedforstaHcpressurecontrol
CaseStudy–Bi-polarIonizaHonandOutdoorAir
Bi-polarionizaHonusedforIAQ(aircleaning)
• Desiretoreducevolumeofoutdoorairrequiredandassociatedequipmentsizes
• Beliefitdecouplestheability(need)touHlizeCO2asanindicatorforvenHlaHonrequired.
• OfenlowlevelozonegeneraHon,needstobeproperlyinstalledandcalibrated.
• Anumberofschoolswherethesehavebeeninstalled,cite“sleepykids”.CO2levelsweremeasuredbetween1500and1600ppm
CaseStudy–ControlsCxMiscellaneous
• FixedoperaHngschedulesestablishedbyremoteEnergyManager–donotaccommodatespecialschoolprograms
• SequencesincompaHblewithequipment-DehumidificaHonsequenceonunitwithoutreheatcoil
• LocaHonofAHUstaHcpressuresensor–notcoordinated
Common Control Issues (Challenges)
Case Study – Controls Cx
• LocaHonofdifferenHalpressuresensoronchillers,especiallyforchillerswithintegralpumps(locaHonmayaffectlead/lagsequenceandcontrollability)
• Globaloutdoorairtemperatureandhumiditysensors–locaHoniscriHcal(haveseendifferencesof7to8degreesbetweenchilleryardandroof)
• Fancutoutsafetyswitches(issueswithinclusionand/orlocaHon)
Common Control Issues (Challenges)
CaseStudy–TesHngandBalancing
• OngoingissueswithinexperiencedmechanicalcontractorsperformingductleakagetesHng.
• AnumberofschoolsfailTABverificaHon(severalmulHpleHmes!).
• LiUleaUenHonispaidtothereturnairsystem,evenwhenit’sducted.
• SomeTABcontractorsuseanarHficiallyhighsetpointtobalancethesystem.Whenthesetpointisresettothetypicallevel,properairflowscannotbeachieved.
ThisconcludesTheAmericanInsHtuteofArchitectsConHnuingEducaHonSystemsCourse
Thank You!
Jim Magee, CxA, EMP President
Bob Knoedler, P.E., EMP, CxA Principal – Energy / Cx Services [email protected]
Engineering | Planning | Allied Services