AEN 3209 MEC 4202 Presentation

8/6/2019 AEN 3209 MEC 4202 Presentation

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8/17/2011

Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental EngineeringMakerere University

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8/17/2011

Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental EngineeringMakerere University

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Pollution control (PC):

y Measures taken to manage pollution after it has

occurred.

Pollution Prevention (PP):

y Measures taken at the source to eliminate and/or reduce

pollution in all sectors from small service operations toindustrial complex production/manufacturing .

y Five areas of PP focus: Water, Air, Solids, Time & Energy.

8/17/2011 3Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental Engineering

Makerere University

Pollution Control (CP) & Pollution

Prevention (PP or P2)


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y To eliminate and/or reduce waste generation.

y To conserve natural resources and materials.

y To prevent spills and accidental releases

y

To prevent product losses.


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Goals of PP :

Techniques or approaches for PP :y Define environmental management policy in terms of goals

rather than inputs.y Achieve a greater decentralization of policies.y Abandon practices that emphasize strictly emissions control

in exchange for a broader goal of improving performancemanagement styles


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y Continual effort to prevent pollution, reduce consumption ofwater, raw material and energy, and minimize waste generationat the source, without decrease in production capacity.

y Is a waste decrease tool in the manufacturing/industrial sector.y CP refers to PP within the production processes.

CP and PP attempts to reduce and/or eliminate air, water andland pollution and both benefit both the environment andsociety.

Both CP and PP reduce costs and can generate profit; arepractical & feasible and contribute to a sustainable future.

CP and PP are process based and evolve with improvement intechnology and innovations.


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Cleaner Production (CP):


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yPP is an environmental managementconcept applicable to all sectors (Agriculture;Mining; Construction; Manufacturing; Transportation &Utilities; Wholesale trade; Retail trade; Finance, Insurance,

Real Estate; Services; Public Administration; Consumers), CPis a waste reduction/ prevention

technique designed especially for sectorsdealing with production processes likethe manufacturing sector.


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CP & PP


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y Waste reduction: achieve zero waste discharge.y Non-polluting production: Closed loop production processes

with zero contaminant release.y Production energy efficiency: Requires highest levels of energy

efficiency(Energy consumption per product output) &

conservation (Reduction of energy usage).y Safe and healthy work environment: Minimize risks of workers

by making the workplace a cleaner, safer and healthierenvironment .

y Environmentally sound products & By-products: Health andenvironmental factors must be considered at the earliest pointof product and process design and over the product life-cycle(Production-use-disposal).

y Environmentally sound Packaging: Minimized productpackaging and ensure environmental friendly.

8/17/2011 7Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental Engineering MakerereUniversity

The main components of CP


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y PP and CP have significant environmental

(Reduction/eliminate CO2 & SO2 emissions; issues of climatechange, acid precipitation, urban smog), economic (Avertedfurther environmental damage in a cost-effective manner) andsocial benefits (Restoration of natural environment createsa safer and more enjoyable habitat, and improves health &

living standards).y The effectiveness of the PP program is dependent on:

(i) Availability of resources (Technical, financial,Scientific, and Engineering);

(ii) Cultural acceptance (Change of practices andenvisioning new goals of PP); and

(iii) Development stages (Existence of different degrees/levels of pollution due to the socio-economic development).


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y Reduction in operating costs (Reduced waste treatment,storage & disposal costs; fewer resources for production &packaging; efficiency measures; energy costs & facilitycleanup);

y Reduction in ecological damage (Air quality improvement,no pollution of water & land from waste generating,transporting, storage & disposal)

y Improved company/organization image (Positive employee

attitude because of safe & health working environment;Healthy, Safety & Sustainability of neighborhoods)

y Reduction of civil and criminal liability(Reduced wastegenerated).


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Key benefits of PP & CP Programs


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yResistance to change;

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Fear of high costs;yUncertainty of customerresponse to change;

yLack of priority for PP and CPprograms.


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Constraints to PP & CP Programs


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ySource Reduction

yRecycling/Reuse

yTreatment

yDisposal


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Levels of Environmental Management Hierarchy

Source Reduction

Recycling/Reuse

Treatment

Disposal


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8/17/2011 12Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 EnvironmentalEngineering Makerere University

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AEN 3209 MEC 4202 Presentation