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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 153
SAWEA Workshop 2010
Innovative Water and Wastewater NetworksPresented by Greg Welch AECOM
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 253
Basic Hydraulic Principles
Open channel flow
Orifices weirs and flumes
Pumps and pumping systems
Water Hammer Computer Modeling
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 453
Select pipe sizes and fittings for pipingsystems
requirements
Choose materials which best suitapplication
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 553
Weight and volume 1 m3 = 1000 kg
sg = 100
Viscosity Low viscosity
Generally not considered
Incompressible Water Flows Downhill
Sewage = Water (hydraulically)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 653
Q = VAwhere
Q = flow rate (ms)
V = average velocity (ms)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 753
R = A Pw
where
R = hydraulic radius (m)
Pw = wetted perimeter (m)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 853
Water has energy namely Potential energy due to pressure
Potential energy due to elevation
Kinetic energy due to velocity Energy typically expressed as head (H)
m or ft
1 psi = 231 ft
1 kPa = 01 mH
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 953
Bernoullirsquos Equation
2
Where
H = Total energy (m) p = pressure (kPa)
V = Velocity (ms) γ = water density (981 kNm 3 )
g = acceleration gravity (981 ms 2 ) z = elevation (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1053
Energy is lost in piping systems due tofriction as water moves through the pipe
Affected by Pipe size
Pipe length
Flow rate
Losses also occur in other hydraulicelements
Fittings Valves
Entranceexits
Etc
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1153
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
HL = head loss
For O en Channel
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1253
983144983144983116983116983112983111983116 983151983154 983109983111983116
and for pressurized pipe systems
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1453
Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1553
Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1653
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1753
Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1853
Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1953
Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2053
The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2153
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
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F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
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C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
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983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Basic Hydraulic Principles
Open channel flow
Orifices weirs and flumes
Pumps and pumping systems
Water Hammer Computer Modeling
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Select pipe sizes and fittings for pipingsystems
requirements
Choose materials which best suitapplication
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 553
Weight and volume 1 m3 = 1000 kg
sg = 100
Viscosity Low viscosity
Generally not considered
Incompressible Water Flows Downhill
Sewage = Water (hydraulically)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Q = VAwhere
Q = flow rate (ms)
V = average velocity (ms)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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R = A Pw
where
R = hydraulic radius (m)
Pw = wetted perimeter (m)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 853
Water has energy namely Potential energy due to pressure
Potential energy due to elevation
Kinetic energy due to velocity Energy typically expressed as head (H)
m or ft
1 psi = 231 ft
1 kPa = 01 mH
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Bernoullirsquos Equation
2
Where
H = Total energy (m) p = pressure (kPa)
V = Velocity (ms) γ = water density (981 kNm 3 )
g = acceleration gravity (981 ms 2 ) z = elevation (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy is lost in piping systems due tofriction as water moves through the pipe
Affected by Pipe size
Pipe length
Flow rate
Losses also occur in other hydraulicelements
Fittings Valves
Entranceexits
Etc
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
HL = head loss
For O en Channel
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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and for pressurized pipe systems
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1453
Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1753
Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
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983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Select pipe sizes and fittings for pipingsystems
requirements
Choose materials which best suitapplication
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Weight and volume 1 m3 = 1000 kg
sg = 100
Viscosity Low viscosity
Generally not considered
Incompressible Water Flows Downhill
Sewage = Water (hydraulically)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Q = VAwhere
Q = flow rate (ms)
V = average velocity (ms)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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R = A Pw
where
R = hydraulic radius (m)
Pw = wetted perimeter (m)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Water has energy namely Potential energy due to pressure
Potential energy due to elevation
Kinetic energy due to velocity Energy typically expressed as head (H)
m or ft
1 psi = 231 ft
1 kPa = 01 mH
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Bernoullirsquos Equation
2
Where
H = Total energy (m) p = pressure (kPa)
V = Velocity (ms) γ = water density (981 kNm 3 )
g = acceleration gravity (981 ms 2 ) z = elevation (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy is lost in piping systems due tofriction as water moves through the pipe
Affected by Pipe size
Pipe length
Flow rate
Losses also occur in other hydraulicelements
Fittings Valves
Entranceexits
Etc
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
HL = head loss
For O en Channel
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983144983144983116983116983112983111983116 983151983154 983109983111983116
and for pressurized pipe systems
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 453
Select pipe sizes and fittings for pipingsystems
requirements
Choose materials which best suitapplication
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 553
Weight and volume 1 m3 = 1000 kg
sg = 100
Viscosity Low viscosity
Generally not considered
Incompressible Water Flows Downhill
Sewage = Water (hydraulically)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 653
Q = VAwhere
Q = flow rate (ms)
V = average velocity (ms)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 753
R = A Pw
where
R = hydraulic radius (m)
Pw = wetted perimeter (m)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 853
Water has energy namely Potential energy due to pressure
Potential energy due to elevation
Kinetic energy due to velocity Energy typically expressed as head (H)
m or ft
1 psi = 231 ft
1 kPa = 01 mH
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 953
Bernoullirsquos Equation
2
Where
H = Total energy (m) p = pressure (kPa)
V = Velocity (ms) γ = water density (981 kNm 3 )
g = acceleration gravity (981 ms 2 ) z = elevation (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy is lost in piping systems due tofriction as water moves through the pipe
Affected by Pipe size
Pipe length
Flow rate
Losses also occur in other hydraulicelements
Fittings Valves
Entranceexits
Etc
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1153
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
HL = head loss
For O en Channel
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983144983144983116983116983112983111983116 983151983154 983109983111983116
and for pressurized pipe systems
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1453
Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1553
Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1753
Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1853
Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1953
Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2053
The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
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A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
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983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 553
Weight and volume 1 m3 = 1000 kg
sg = 100
Viscosity Low viscosity
Generally not considered
Incompressible Water Flows Downhill
Sewage = Water (hydraulically)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Q = VAwhere
Q = flow rate (ms)
V = average velocity (ms)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 753
R = A Pw
where
R = hydraulic radius (m)
Pw = wetted perimeter (m)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 853
Water has energy namely Potential energy due to pressure
Potential energy due to elevation
Kinetic energy due to velocity Energy typically expressed as head (H)
m or ft
1 psi = 231 ft
1 kPa = 01 mH
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Bernoullirsquos Equation
2
Where
H = Total energy (m) p = pressure (kPa)
V = Velocity (ms) γ = water density (981 kNm 3 )
g = acceleration gravity (981 ms 2 ) z = elevation (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy is lost in piping systems due tofriction as water moves through the pipe
Affected by Pipe size
Pipe length
Flow rate
Losses also occur in other hydraulicelements
Fittings Valves
Entranceexits
Etc
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
HL = head loss
For O en Channel
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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and for pressurized pipe systems
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1453
Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1753
Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
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983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Q = VAwhere
Q = flow rate (ms)
V = average velocity (ms)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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R = A Pw
where
R = hydraulic radius (m)
Pw = wetted perimeter (m)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Water has energy namely Potential energy due to pressure
Potential energy due to elevation
Kinetic energy due to velocity Energy typically expressed as head (H)
m or ft
1 psi = 231 ft
1 kPa = 01 mH
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Bernoullirsquos Equation
2
Where
H = Total energy (m) p = pressure (kPa)
V = Velocity (ms) γ = water density (981 kNm 3 )
g = acceleration gravity (981 ms 2 ) z = elevation (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy is lost in piping systems due tofriction as water moves through the pipe
Affected by Pipe size
Pipe length
Flow rate
Losses also occur in other hydraulicelements
Fittings Valves
Entranceexits
Etc
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
HL = head loss
For O en Channel
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983144983144983116983116983112983111983116 983151983154 983109983111983116
and for pressurized pipe systems
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 753
R = A Pw
where
R = hydraulic radius (m)
Pw = wetted perimeter (m)A = cross sectional area (m2)
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Water has energy namely Potential energy due to pressure
Potential energy due to elevation
Kinetic energy due to velocity Energy typically expressed as head (H)
m or ft
1 psi = 231 ft
1 kPa = 01 mH
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 953
Bernoullirsquos Equation
2
Where
H = Total energy (m) p = pressure (kPa)
V = Velocity (ms) γ = water density (981 kNm 3 )
g = acceleration gravity (981 ms 2 ) z = elevation (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy is lost in piping systems due tofriction as water moves through the pipe
Affected by Pipe size
Pipe length
Flow rate
Losses also occur in other hydraulicelements
Fittings Valves
Entranceexits
Etc
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
HL = head loss
For O en Channel
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983144983144983116983116983112983111983116 983151983154 983109983111983116
and for pressurized pipe systems
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1853
Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
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F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
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983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 853
Water has energy namely Potential energy due to pressure
Potential energy due to elevation
Kinetic energy due to velocity Energy typically expressed as head (H)
m or ft
1 psi = 231 ft
1 kPa = 01 mH
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Bernoullirsquos Equation
2
Where
H = Total energy (m) p = pressure (kPa)
V = Velocity (ms) γ = water density (981 kNm 3 )
g = acceleration gravity (981 ms 2 ) z = elevation (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy is lost in piping systems due tofriction as water moves through the pipe
Affected by Pipe size
Pipe length
Flow rate
Losses also occur in other hydraulicelements
Fittings Valves
Entranceexits
Etc
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
HL = head loss
For O en Channel
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1253
983144983144983116983116983112983111983116 983151983154 983109983111983116
and for pressurized pipe systems
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1453
Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1753
Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1853
Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2153
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2353
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
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983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
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983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
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983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Bernoullirsquos Equation
2
Where
H = Total energy (m) p = pressure (kPa)
V = Velocity (ms) γ = water density (981 kNm 3 )
g = acceleration gravity (981 ms 2 ) z = elevation (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy is lost in piping systems due tofriction as water moves through the pipe
Affected by Pipe size
Pipe length
Flow rate
Losses also occur in other hydraulicelements
Fittings Valves
Entranceexits
Etc
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V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
HL = head loss
For O en Channel
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983144983144983116983116983112983111983116 983151983154 983109983111983116
and for pressurized pipe systems
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1053
Energy is lost in piping systems due tofriction as water moves through the pipe
Affected by Pipe size
Pipe length
Flow rate
Losses also occur in other hydraulicelements
Fittings Valves
Entranceexits
Etc
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1153
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
HL = head loss
For O en Channel
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1253
983144983144983116983116983112983111983116 983151983154 983109983111983116
and for pressurized pipe systems
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1453
Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1553
Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1653
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1753
Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1853
Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1953
Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2053
The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2153
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2353
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2553
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
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983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
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983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1153
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
HL = head loss
For O en Channel
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1253
983144983144983116983116983112983111983116 983151983154 983109983111983116
and for pressurized pipe systems
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1453
Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1753
Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1853
Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
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983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1253
983144983144983116983116983112983111983116 983151983154 983109983111983116
and for pressurized pipe systems
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1453
Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1753
Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1853
Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1953
Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1453
Typical Design Equations Manningrsquos
Chezy
Manningrsquos EquationV = (1n) R23 S12
where V = mean velocity (ms)n = Manningrsquos roughness value
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = friction slope (mm)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1553
Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1653
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1753
Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1853
Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1953
Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2053
The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2153
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2353
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2553
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1553
Typical Values
Steel 0010
Cast Iron 0012Concrete 0013
Smooth Earth 0018
Corrugated Metal Pipe 0024
Rock 0040
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1653
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1753
Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1853
Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1953
Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2053
The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2153
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2353
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1653
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1753
Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1853
Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
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983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
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A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
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F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
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983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
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983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1753
Typical Design Equations Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach
Hazen Williams EquationS = (1067Q185 )(C185D487)
where S = head loss (mm)Q = Flow (m3s)
C = Roughness Coefficient
D = pipe inside diameter (m)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1853
Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
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983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1853
Typical Values
PVC 150
Steel 140Cast Iron 130
Concrete 120
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1953
Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
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A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
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F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
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C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
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983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 1953
Used for analysis of pipe flow andpressure in water networks
until all equations are balanced
Basis of many water network analysisprograms
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2053
The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2353
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2053
The method isbased on Continuity
Inflow = Outflow atnodes
Example Qa = Qb +Qc
Energy Equation Summation of Head
Loss in ClosedLoop is zero
ΣHLLoop =
Σ(Q+Q)n = 0
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2153
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2353
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2153
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2353
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2553
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2253
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V222g + p2γ + z2 + HL
Q = CA (2gH)12
where C = Orifice Coefficient
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2353
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2553
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
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F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2353
Energy1 = Energy2
V122g + p1γ + z1 = V2
22g + p2γ + z2 + HL
983124983161983152983145983139983137983148 983126983085983118983151983156983139983144 983127983141983145983154983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2553
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2453
Open channel flow measurement Flow uniquely related to water depth
Venturi
Parshall
Palmer ndashBowlus
Trapezoidal Custom flumes
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2553
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
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983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
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983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2653
bull Headbull Resistance of the system
bull
destination
Statichead
bull Static head
bull Difference in height between
source and destination
bull Independent of flow
source
Statichead
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2753
bull Static head consists ofbull Static suction head (hS) lifting liquid relative to pump
center line
bull Static discharge head (hD) vertical distance between
Frictionhead
Flow
cen er ne an qu sur ace n es na on an
bull Friction headbull Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings
bullProportional to square of flow ratebull Depends on size pipes pipe fittings flow rate nature ofliquid
bull Closed loop system only has friction head(no static head)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2853
In most cases
Total head = Static head + friction head
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Frictionhead
Systemcurve
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 2953
bull Relationship between head and flow
bull Flow increase
bull System resistance increases
bull Head
Flow
Performance curve forcentrifugal pump
bull Flow decreases to zero
bull Zero flow rate risk of
pump burnout
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3053
bull Duty point rate offlow at certain head
bull
Head
Statichead
Pump performancecurve
Systemcurve
Pumpoperatingpoint
point intersectionof pump curve andsystem curve
30
Flow
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3153
bull Cavitation or vaporization bubbles inside pump
bull If vapor bubbles collapse
bull Erosion of vane surfaces
bull Increased noise and vibrationbull Choking of impeller passages
bull Net Positive Suction Head
bull NPSH Available how much pump suction exceedsliquid vapor pressure
bull NPSH Required pump suction needed to avoidcavitation
31
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
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F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
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983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3253
Commonly known as Water Hammer orSurge
Causes
Pump start-up or shut down Power failure
Sudden valve closure
Impacts on system Reduces life of pipelines Noise
Mechanical damage
Catastrophic system failure
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3353
∆P = rc∆vg
where r = fluid density
c = wave spee
v = change in velocity of fluid
g = gravitational constant
c is influenced by pipe material
P directly proportional to ∆v
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3453
Results insurge wave
ro a atin
andreflecting insystem
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3553
H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3653
At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3753
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3853
Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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H fluctuates atany given
oint after
pump failure Can cause
column
separation
983123983151983157983154983139983141 H983137983141983155983156983137983140
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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At pump Pump control valves Surge anticipator valves Surge tanks
ump yw ee s
In Pipeline Vacuum breaker valves Air release valves Combo vacuumair release valves
Select ldquoelasticrdquo pipe materials (ie PVC) Hydraulic modeling always recommended
during design of new sewage force mainsand water transmission mains
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
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Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
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Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
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Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
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983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
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983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
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983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
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983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
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983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
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(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
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983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
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983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
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983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
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B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
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983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Why computer model Reduces time
More accurate Allows integration with other software (SCADA GIS)
Currently there is considerable software formodelin available Water distribution networks
Sanitary sewer networks Storm Sewer Networks Surgetransient analysis
WWTP Hydraulics Water Quality
Some considerations For the modeler understanding of hydraulics just as important as
understanding software Garbage in = garbage out Calibration is essential
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
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555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
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983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
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983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
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A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 3953
Developing databases of system assets frommultiple complex sources
Complex demand management
Operations management with extended periodmodeling
Maintaining disinfectant residual levels whileminimizing disinfection by-product formation
Understanding flow patterns and fate of waterquality in storage facilities
Assessing hydraulic transients in networks
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4053
Data Sources Geographic information systems
CAD Drawings
ndash
Demands ndash Billing databases operating logs productionrecords
SCADA
Data Management
GIS spatial tools Model software tools
Custom programming
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4153
983117983141983156983154983151983152983151983148983145983156983137983150 983108983145983155983156983154983145983139983156 983107983151983149983149983145983155983155983145983151983150983112983137983154983156983142983151983154983140 983107983124
983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 400000
983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 4 700 (91000+ 983145983150 GI983123)
983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 600 983149983145983148983141983155 983145983150 983149983151983140983141983148 (1550 983149983145983148983141983155 983156983151983156983137983148)
983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983123983157983154983142983137983139983141 983127983137983156983141983154
A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140
555 983149983143983140 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148
E983120983123
983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983117983137983152
983112983137983154983156 983151983154
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4253
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(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4353
983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983107983151983150983150983141983139983156983145983139983157983156
(983117983108983107)983109983160983137983149983152983148983141
983117983151983157983150983156983137983145983150983122983151983137983140 983130983151983150983141983098H983145983143983144983085983141983150983140983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 =27
R6_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
MR_Zone Diurnal Curve
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
00 0 300 600 900 1 200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983117983105983120 983119983110 983117983108983107 983108983109983117983105983118983108 983130983119983118983109983123
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983108 983109 983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983117983137983150983137983143983145983150983143 983155983141983158983141983154983137983148983140983145983142983142983141983154983141983150983156 983140983141983149983137983150983140983152983137983156983156983141983154983150983155 983137983150983140 983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154983155
983141983155983141983154983158983151 983154983111983154983137983158983145983156983161 983130983151983150983141983098
983117983145983160 983151983142983154983141983155983145983140983141983150983156983145983137983148983137983143983154983145983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 075
983108983151983159983150983156983151983159983150 983130983151983150983141983098983120983154983145983149983137983154983145983148983161983139983151983149983149983141983154983139983145983137983148 983137983150983140983145983150983140983157983155983156983154983145983137983148 A983158983141983154983137983143983141983149983157983148983156983145983152983148983145983141983154 = 09
System-wide Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 000
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o
Downtown Diurnal Curve
00
05
10
15
20
25
0 00 3 0 0 6 00 9 00 1 2 00 15 0 0 1 8 00 2 10 0 0 00
Time of day (hr)
D i u r n a l F a c t o r
983123983161983155983156983141983149983085983127983145983140983141 983107983157983154983158983141
983108 983109 983117
983105 983118 983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
983105983126983111 983101 983089983086983088
983108 983109
983117 983105 983118
983108 983110 983105 983107 983124 983119 983122
983124983113983117983109 983112983122
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
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983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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983107983148983141983158983141983148983137983150983140 (983119983112) 983108983145983158983145983155983145983151983150 983151983142 983127983137983156983141983154
991266 983120983151983152983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983123983141983154983158983141983140 15 983149983145983148983148983145983151983150
991266 983120983145983152983141 983123983141983143983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983117983151983140983141983148 57000
991266 983116983141983150983143983156983144 983151983142 983120983145983152983141983155 5350 983149983145983148983141983155
991266 983127983137983156983141983154 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983116983137983147983141 E983154983145983141 (4 983127983124983120983155)
991266 A983158983141983154983137983143983141 D983137983161 D983141983149983137983150983140 265 983149983143983140
991266 983124983161983152983141 983151983142 983117983151983140983141983148 E983120983123 983137983150983140 983127983121
991266 983123983151983142983156983159983137983154983141 H2983119983118983141983156 983137983150983140 983123983125983122GE
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
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1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4453
1983155983156 H983145983143983144 983123983141983154983158983145983139983141
983117983137983145983150 983125983155983141983155 983151983142 983107983127983108991257983155 983112983161983140983154983137983157983148983145983139 983117983151983140983141983148 983105983155983155983141983155983155 983123983161983155983156983141983149 983110983148983151983159983155 983137983150983140
983120983154983141983155983155983157983154983141983155
983109983158983137983148983157983137983156983141 983113983149983152983137983139983156 983151983142 983123983161983155983156983141983149983111983154983151983159983156983144
983110983137983139983145983148983145983156983137983156983141 983117983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983105983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155
983117983137983150983137983143983141 983119983152983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155 983149983151983154983141983109983142983142983145983139983145983141983150983156983148983161
983117983151983150983145983156983151983154 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4553
983110983145983141983148983140 983123983137983149983152983148983145983150983143 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983117983151983140983141983148bull Coordinated Sampling
Program Conducted by CWD
bull Three Sessions
bull Approx 25 CollectionSitesSession
bull 2-6 SamplesSite TakenOver 48 Hours
bull Hydraulic Model Modified toSimulate Chlorine Decay
bull Samples Used for Calibration
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4653
983107983110983108 983117983151983140983141983148983145983150983143 983120983154983151983158983145983140983141983155 983113983150983155983145983143983144983156 983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983121983157983137983148983145983156983161 983137983150983140983110983148983151983159 983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
A983155983155983141983155983155 F983148983151983159983120983137983156983156983141983154983150983155
Z
Y
X
300e-01
270e-01
240e-01
210e-01
180e-01
150e-01
120e-01
900e-02
600e-02
300e-02
000e+00
D983141983155983145983143983150B983137983142983142983148983141983155
A983155983155983141983155983155983124983144983141983154983149983137983148983123983156983154983137983156983145983142983145983139983137983156983145983151983150
2D 983126983141983148983151983139983145983156983161
Tank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With BafflesTank Without Baffles
Areas of low
velocity on both
sides of tank
Uniform velocity
with baffles
Tank With Baffles
983120983157983149983152 983123983156983137983156983145983151983150 I983150983156983137983147983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4753
Surge Models Created from Large System Models
983106983137983155983141 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983147983141983148983141983156983151983150 983117983151983140983141983148
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4853
Impact of System Upgrades Assessed
with Water Hammer Models
991266 983117983151983140983141983148 983123983156983137983156983145983155983156983145983139983155
983120983145983152983141983155 = 3709 983152983145983152983141983155 (6991261 991251 48991261 D983145983137)
983118983151983140983141983155 = 3568 (198 983114983157983150983139983156983145983151983150983155 amp 3370 C983151983150983155983157983149983152983156983145983151983150)
983120983157983149983152983155 = 3
983122983141983155983141983154983158983151983145983154983155 = 7 F983145983160983141983140 H983141983137983140 983123983151983157983154983139983141983155 983126983137983148983158983141983155 = 3 983139983144983141983139983147983139983151983150983156983154983151983148 983158983137983148983158983141983155 1 983155983157983154983143983141 983154983141983148983145983141983142 983158983137983148983158983141
A983145983154 983126983137983148983158983141983155 983150983151983156 983145983150983139983148983157983140983141983140 983137983155 983139983151983150983155983141983154983158983137983156983145983158983141 983149983141983137983155983157983154983141
B983137983155983141 D983141983149983137983150983140 983166 72 983149983143983140 (983117983137983160983145983149983157983149 983140983137983161)
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 4953
983115983141983141983152983145983150983143 983108983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983124983151983152 983127983151983154983147983145983150983143983119983154983140983141983154 983159983145983156983144 983116983145983149983145983156983141983140 983110983157983150983140983155
F983148983157983155983144983145983150983143 983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155
983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141 E983150983141983154983143983161
983125983150983145983142983161983145983150983143 983149983137983145983150983156983141983150983137983150983139983141 983137983139983156983145983158983145983156983145983141983155 983159983145983156983144 983140983137983156983137983138983137983155983141983155
983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983152983145983152983141 983154983141983152983148983137983139983141983149983141983150983156
C983151983150983140983145983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155
983122983141983149983137983145983150983145983150983143 983157983155983141983142983157983148 983148983145983142983141 983137983150983137983148983161983155983141983155
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5053
983105983157983156983151983149983137983156983141983140 983124983151983151983148983155 983125983155983141983140 983156983151 983108983141983158983141983148983151983152 983110983148983157983155983144983145983150983143983120983154983151983143983154983137983149983155 983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 amp B983141983150983156983148983141983161 983123983161983155983156983141983149983155
983117983127H 983123983151983142983156 983125DF 983085 983155983141983152983137983154983137983156983141 983149983151983140983157983148983141
983122983141983153983157983145983154983141983155 I983150983142983151983127983137983156983141983154 (A983154983139GI983123)
983148983145983139983141983150983155983141
B983141983150983156983148983141983161 I983150983139983148983157983140983141983155 983125DF 983159983145983156983144 983137983148983148 983152983148983137983156983142983151983154983149983155
(983155983156983137983150983140 983137983148983151983150983141 CAD A983154983139GI983123)
50
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
983127983151983154983147 983120983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983113983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983145983151983150 983119983138983146983141983139983156983145983158983141
983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983156983144983141 983156983151983151983148983155 983150983141983141983140983141983140 983156983151 983155983157983152983152983151983154983156 983154983145983155983147983085983138983137983155983141983140 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150 983149983137983147983145983150983143 983142983151983154 983159983137983156983141983154 983140983145983155983156983154983145983138983157983156983145983151983150 983137983155983155983141983156983155
983123983156983154983141983137983149983148983145983150983141 983156983144983141 983139983151983148983148983141983139983156983145983151983150 983149983137983150983137983143983141983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983157983155983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154 983155983161983155983156983141983149983140983137983156983137 983145983150 983154983145983155983147 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156 983137983150983140 983159983151983154983147 983152983154983145983151983154983145983156983145983162983137983156983145983151983150
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5153
983109983150983141983154983143983161 983125983155983141 983119983152983156983145983149983145983162983141983140 983142983151983154 983108983157983154983144983137983149 983122983141983143983145983151983150 983127983137983156983141983154983123983161983155983156983141983149
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5253
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8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
8132019 AECOM General Hydraulics Presentation Welch SAWEA 2010
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullaecom-general-hydraulics-presentation-welch-sawea-2010 5353
