Advocacy Essay Draft 2

8/10/2019 Advocacy Essay Draft 2

1/10

Mayorquin 1

Gabriel Mayorquin

Writing 39C

Olga Moskvina

November 21, 2014

Stop Cloning in The U.S.

The connection between humans and animals is greater than many of us think.

Liverpool John Moores University research states that animals share many of the

emotions as humans experience daily. Scientists have disregarded this fact and have

begun performing animal cloning experiments since the 1850s. After many fail attempts

and countless number of tortured animals, the first successful clone was birthed, Dolly.

Even though Dolly was the first successful clone to be developed she still suffered the

abnormalities that come with being born a clone. Dolly Died in 2003 after suffering from

lung disease and severe arthritis. Although there have been other successful clones the

number of successes does not outweigh the number of failures. Animal cloning should

not be allowed, the animals that are cloned are developed but the clones appear to create

serious abnormalities in majority of the embryos. The abnormalities are rare syndromes,

undeveloped limbs, painful mutations and agonizing deaths. Even though researchers

managed to develop a successful clone after years of trial and error there was still great

amount of uncertainty of this new technology. After many attempts, In various

laboratories, only 0% to 4% of adult or fetal somatic cell constructs have developed to

become live fetuses; in addition, there is a high rate of fetal, perinatal and neonatal

loss.(Hare)In order to prevent the continuous inhumane actions, the United States of

America needs to execute a policy banning all types of cloning. This policy will prevent


2/10

Mayorquin 2

everyone from practicing cloning. Through this policy, the United States will ensure the

proper treatment of animals and other problems associated with human welfare.

Although there have been plenty of years of research, there is still a very

high failure rate. More than 95 percent of the animals that are cloned are fails. According

to the FDAs assessment of animal cloning risks, abnormal fetal development is

common in clones, which translates into abnormal pregnancies with a host of

complications that threatens the lives of the unborn clones and their surrogate

mothers.(Food and Drug

Administration) The surrogate

mothers encounter a horrible

pregnancy and often have a

pregnancy lost in the second or

third trimester. (The image to the

left is a baby geep made by

combining a goat and a sheep

embryo. It is clearly visible that the geep isnt at a normal state and not healthy.) The

mothers encounter so much pain and after all the suffering they end up losing their baby.

The animals are suffering for no reason since the clone is not even a success. However

some may argue that there are successful births, the births that actually grow up and end

up, as a successful clone is not a promising number. The cloned newborns that do survive

often suffer from respiratory diseases, very weak immune systems, developmental

problems, deformities, serious problems with their internal organs and other life


3/10

Mayorquin 3

threatening diseases. It is not fair for these animals to encounter such pain and torture for

a very few success rate.

After the cloning of Dolly in 1997, scientist began to seek more information and

the possibility of human cloning was present. Human cloning is an immoral process that

involves no human dignity. Safety concerns is a huge factor when dealing with human

cloning. Out of the 276 failed attempts, there was one successful clone that was Dolly.

(This graph represents the survival rates of Sheep, Cattle, and Mouse Embryos Cloned

from Adult, Fetal and Embryonic Cells.)

No one has an idea as to why she

was successful and all the others

were fails. This type of risk

cannot be taken on human lives.

Cloning in humans would also

lead to the increase of efforts at

eugenics. Eugenics is the practice

of making human beings better by

modifying their genes. Ultimately

eugenics is a horrible idea, it only

allows humans to physically improve not improve as a person. Nevertheless, animal

cloning is also a form of animal eugenics since the alteration of the genes leads to

improvement of the characteristics they have. Not only will human cloning have no


4/10

Mayorquin 4

benefits or contributions to bettering society but also it is crossing ethical boundaries. The

grant of animal cloning leads to the approval of human cloning and it must be stopped.

Currently there is no

policy that prohibits cloning.

This is due to the support that

the U.S government has

given to the companies that

rely on animal cloning. (This

figure represents the evidence

that cloning is not beneficial

and only raises new problems

in regards to animal welfare.

It also proves that animal cloning is not a humane way to produce animals.) The first step

that the U.S. government took to regulate cloning was in the food supply. In 2001 when it

became a reality that animal clones were going to be introduced into the food supply the

government assembled the risk assessment which forced the FDA to evaluate the safety

of the consumption on cloned meat and dairy. After the evaluation, The FDA concluded

that meat and milk from cow pig and goat clones and the offspring of any animal clones

are as safe as food we eat everyday.(U.S. FDA). Other than The Risk assessment The

United States has done very little in regards to cloning regulation. This is because the

United States has found that by using cloned animals in the market they will better the


5/10

Mayorquin 5

quality of their food and overall help the food market and its economy. Even though the

U.S did no effort to address the problem of animal cruelty that goes on while cloning.

Although there is no current law in the United States that protects from Cloning

the European Union has suggested two proposals. The European Union novel Foods

regulation is the only EU legislation that has intended to regulate animal cloning in the

food supply. The first proposal on animal cloning would ban animal cloning for all

farming purposes. The EU proposes this ban placed for five years while the FDA

conducts another risk assessment. The second proposal is the regulation of the EU

internal market, banning the marketing of food from cloned animals. This proposal has

many advantages that correlate with the problem of animal cruelty from cloning. The first

proposal bans animal cloning in farms, it would eliminate the deaths and the suffering of

animals that are involve in the process such as the animals that have to carry the embryo

and die from miscarriages or failed C-sections. It would also save animals from being

born with rare mutations and syndromes. The second proposals main advantages is that

by eliminating cloned meet from the market is will significantly decrease it popularity.

By decreasing the popularity of the cloned animal meat it will also result in the decrease

animal farms that rely on cloning.

The proposals that were that the E.U stated in December 18, 2003 still fall short

from the real problems. Cloning needs to be completely banned in the United States

simply because cloning has too many flaws and not enough benefits. The United States

need to establish a law that Bans all cloning in commercial and private fields. By

eliminating animal cloning in the United States it would result in the elimination of

animal cruelty nationwide. The United States did not have an issue in the value of


6/10

Mayorquin 6

nutrition in the diary and meat products prior to animal cloning. Animal cloning is only

allowed because it will better the nutrition of these products but it comes at a heavy price.

This policy will eliminate private cloning that goes on whenever a pet owner wants to

clone their diseased pet. There is too much sacrifice of innocent animals that goes in to

the development of one successful clone for a private investor. These investors do not

care if one hundred animals are sacrificed in the process of resurrection their old pet they

are just concerned for that one successful clone. By banning cloning the American

community will also no longer worry of the health risk that comes from cloned meat.

According to The Risk assessment the meat that comes from cloned animals does not

affect the consumer, but it is proven that, If the animal is stressed before and during

slaughter, the glycogen is used up, and the lactic acid level that develops in the meat after

slaughter is reduced. This will have serious adverse effects on meat quality. ( FAO) this

means that if the animal that are born with the syndromes or abnormalities such as

arthritis which causes the animal to become stress increasing the chances of the consumer

eating meat that can cause harm to their health. Another positive aspect that will result

from banning cloning is the fact that issue of human cloning will never surface in the

future. If science were to continue cloning animals they will eventually feel the need to

clone humans for the purposes of eugenics.

Despite the fact that there has been many failed attempts at animal cloning some

still support it. Even though the arguments related to animal cloning are mainly dealing

with farms and livestock, people clone for their own favor. Some people favor animal

cloning because they have the opportunity to clone their pets before their truly loved dog

dies. However even companies who support rich pet lovers argue that conducting this


7/10

Mayorquin 7

practice doesnt always please the customer. The pet owners expect to have their pet back

but this is impossible. The pet may look exactly the same but will be born with a different

personality, characteristics and will not have the same bond with their owner. A similar

argument to this one mentions supporting the clone to help the blind. Some dog trainers

argue that they would rather clone the dogs that are trained to help the blind because of

the long and strong relationship they have with one another. The human argues that they

have to cope with the loss of their guide dog and have to go through the process of

retraining another dog. This is not a valid argument because facilities that train dogs

begin training as their puppies so it would be pointless to clone dog since they would

have to undergo the same process. As I mentioned before the human will have to

establish a new relationship with their guide dog anyways. With the costs of cloning it is

ridiculous to believe that people would rather clone their old guide dog than receive a

new one for free. Also, many dogs that have the capabilities of being guide dogs will lose

their opportunity of helping humanity of guide dogs get cloned repeatedly. Animal

cloning is also not healthy or beneficial to the human when trying to bring back their

beloved pet. Humans have to be able to cope with death and have to face the fact that

death is natural and happens daily. It is known that people try to avoid death as much as

possible but reality is that death is natural and normal. If they get the opportunity to

bring their pet back by cloning them they are not allowing themselves to deal with

death. Dealing with death is extremely important because it is part of life.

As a result of natural disasters and effects that humans have on the environment

hundreds of species die each year. Instead of approaching the problem and really digging

deep and formulating a solution to this catastrophe CSG suggests that cloning is the


8/10

Mayorquin 8

answer. The Genetic Savings and Clone Company believe that not only could cloning

prevent the endangered species from becoming extinct but also create genetic diversity.

This argument is invalid because it is proven that cloning is only creating the identical

genetics and is resulting in animals becoming more similar and alike to one another.

Technology has significantly improved over the centuries but it is not yet capable of

altering with nature. Nature has its way of taking its own course and this should not be

something that humans should try to alter.

The media has slowly but considerably had a huge influence on society and what

society thinks is an ideal person.Some say that cloning will help them improve

themselves physically and help them with their confidence. For example, if someone lost

a body part during a tragedy and wants to replace it they can. However, this will lead to

desiring other cloned parts based on the influence of the media. Eugenics will have a

great toll on society and diversity will decrease significantly. If cloning is allowed,

people will begin to look similar and will all strive to be and look the way the media

implies is perfect. Everyone in the world is different and this is what contributes and

makes the communities what they are today. Instead of desiring that body part they lost,

the best solution is to grow from it and allow them to grow as an individual.

There has been many animals that have died for this inhuman research. Two

decades ago before there was cloning the nutrition value of food was not an issue. We as

human can bear to live without cloning it is very much a luxury rather than a necessity.

Nothing extraordinary has resulted from cloning. Cloning has only exposed the selfish

reality of humans.


9/10

Mayorquin 9

Works Cited

Cells, Cloning Stem. "Food Consumption Risks Associated with Animal Clones: What

Should Be Investigated?"Australian Veterinary Journal82.11 (2004): 706. Web.

"Center for Food Safety | Issues | Animal Cloning | Animal Welfare." Center for Food

Safety. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.

Chambers, Philip G., Temple Grandin, Gunter Heinz, and Thinnarat Srisuvan. Guidelines

for Humane Handling, Transport and Slaughter of Livestock. Bangkok, Thailand:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001. Print.

CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.

"European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press Release - Food: Commission

Tables Proposals on Animal Cloning and Novel Food."European Commission -

PRESS RELEASES - Press Release - Food: Commission Tables Proposals on

Animal Cloning and Novel Food. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.

"Mosaicism and Chimerism."Mosaicism and Chimerism. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.

Scientific and Medical Aspects of Human Reproductive Cloning. Washington, D.C.:

National Academy, 2002. Print.

"U.S. Food and Drug Administration."Risk Management Plan. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov.

2014.


10/10

Mayorquin 10

"United States Mission to the European Union." United States Mission to the European

Union. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.

Vajta, Gbor, and Mickey Gjerris. "Science and Technology of Farm Animal Cloning:

State of the Art."Animal Reproduction Science92.3-4 (2006): 211-30. Web.

Documents

Advocacy Essay Draft 2